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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Grammar,Ellipsis,在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫,省略,。如：,Beg you pardon.,Sounds like a good idea.,（,I,）,Beg you pardon.,(It),Sounds like a good idea.,定义,I.,简单句中的省略,1、省略主语,:,祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。,(1),(,I),Thank you for your help.,(2),(I),See you tomorrow.,(3),(It),Doesnt matter.,(4),(I),Beg your pardon.,I.,简单句中的省略,2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分,(1),(,There is),No smoking.,(2),(Is there),Anything wrong?,(3),(Will you),Have a smoke?,(4)What/How,(do you think),about a cup of tea?,(5)Why,(do you),not say hello to him?,I.,简单句中的省略,3,、省略表语,(1),Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am,(thirsty).,(2)His brother isnt lazy,nor is his sister,(lazy).,4,、同时省略几个成分,(1),Lets meet at the same place as,(we met),yesterday.,(2)-Have you finished your work?,-,(I have),Not,(finished my work),yet.,II.,主从复合句中的省略,1、主从句中有一些成分被省略,(1),(,Im),Sorry to hear that you are ill.,(2),(Its a),Pity that he missed such a good chance.,（,3,）,The sooner,(you do it),the better,(it will be).,Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday?,I think so.,so,I,m leaving for Beijing this Sunday.,Tom must be free today.,If so,he can help us.,so,he is free.,2、,not/so,常用来替代从句。,(1),Is he coming back tonight?-I think,so,.,(2)She must be busy now?-If,so,she cant go with us.,(3)Is she feeling better?-Im afraid,not,.,(4)Do you think he will attend the meeting?-I guess,not,.,so,常用于替代,_,形式的从句，而,not,常用来替代,_,形式的从句。常见的动词有：,_ _,等,及,_,。,这种用法常见的还有：,肯定,否定,think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine/guess/hope/fear,；,say/speak/do,Im afraid,How so?Why so?,Why not?Is that so?,III.,并列句中的省略,两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。,(1),My father is a doctor and my mother,(is),a nurse.,(2)I study at college and my sister,(studies),at high school.,(3)When summer comes,the day is getting longer and longer,and the night,(is getting),shorter and shorter.,IV,其他从句的省略,1,.,宾语从句中常省略连词,that,，,但也有不能省略的情况。,I think(that)it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us.,2.,在定语从句中,，,that/which/whom/who,在从句中作宾语时,可省略.,Here is the man(whom/that/who)you,ve been looking for.,When asked what he had done,John just kept silent.,When he was asked what he had done,John just kept silent.,he,If,he,is free,Jack will go with us.,he was,If free,Jack will go with us.,he is,3,、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去,“,主语+,be,”,部分,IV,其他从句的省略,When,(he was),still a boy of 10,he had to work day and night.,She tried her best though,(she was),rather poor in health.,If,(you are),asked you may come in.,If,(it is),necessary Ill explain to you again.,More examples:,V,不定式的省略,1.,省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留,to，,但如果不定式,to,后是,be/,完成时态,/have been,，则须保留,be/have/have been:,(1),Are you going there?-Yes,Id like to,(go there).,(2)He didnt give me the chance,though he had promised to,(give me the chance).,(3)Are you an engineer?-No,but I want,to be.,(4)He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought,to have,.,V,不定式的省略,2.,不定式符号,to,的其他省略情形,并列的不定式可省去后面的,to.,I told him to sit down,and,wait for,a moment.,(2)help,当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号,to,可带可不带.,I will help,(to),do it for you.,I will help you,(to),do it.,V,不定式的省略,2.,不定式符号,to,的其他省略情形,（3）,介词,but/except,前若有实意动词,do,后面的不定式不带,to.,如：,The boy,did,nothing,but play,.,The mother could,do,nothing,but wait,for the doctor to come.,He had no choice,but to wait,.,二,“,听,”,:,(4),使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不,定式一定要省去,to,但在被动语态中须将,to,复原。,I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by.,A man was noticed to enter the classroom.,to,X,这类使役动词及感官动词主要有,一,“,感,”,:,三,“让”,:,五,“,看,”,:,feel,hear,listen to,have,make,let,watch,notice,observe,see,look at,V,不定式的省略,V,不定式的省略,(5),主语从句中有动词,do,后面作表语的不定式的,to,可带可不带。,All we can,do,now is,(to)wait,.,The only thing you have to,do,is,(to)press,the button.,VI.if,虚拟条件从句中的省略,连词,if,在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。,Had they had time,they would certainly have come and helped us.,(2),Were I you,I would do the work better.,(3）,Should there be a flood,what should we do?,Practice,Exercises about Ellipsis.,Discovering useful structures,3.,Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.,The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.,(_),P37,(_),2.A boy was on the left side of the sick,woman,and a girl was on the right,side of the sick woman.,3.She has a daughter who is in hospital.,4.He went to the doctor because he had to,go to the doctor.,(_),(_),(_),5.Did she pass the first aid test that she,did yesterday or didnt she pass?,or not.,(_),6.She could not decided whether to send,him to hospital or not to send him to,hospital.,7.When your nose is bleeding,you should,bend forward so that the blood runs out,of your nose and the blood doesnt run,down your throat.,8.Only some of the students have done a,first aid course but most of the students,havent done a first aid course.,not,These sentences are correct.However,one or more words have been left out.Can you tell your partner which words are missing?,1),The cottage surrounded
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