英语时态8种基本时态讲解课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,英语,8种基本时态讲解,英语8种基本时态讲解,一概念：英语中表示,不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种,不同的动词形式称为时态,。,一概念：英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同,二种类：（基本时态）,一般,现在,时一般,过去,时,现在进行时过去进行时,一般将来时过去将来时,现在完成时过去完成时,二种类：（基本时态）,1一般现在时：,句型结构：主语,.（包括be动词）宾语,其他成分,当主语是第三人称单数时，,动词词尾加,-s或-es,1)表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态,。,He,has,breakfast at 6:00,every day.,1一般现在时：句型结构：主语.（包括be动词）宾语,2),表客观现实和普遍真理。,The sun,always rises,in the east.,3,)表,永远性的动作或状态,。,He,lives,in the country.,2)表客观现实和普遍真理。,注意：,一般现在时通常与,always,often,usually,等,频度副词,以及,every day,sometimes,once a week 等,时间状语,连用。,I,always,watch TV at 8:00 in the evening.,They go home,once a week.,注意：,第三人称单数变化形式。,a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s.,come-comes speak-speaks,b)以,o,s,x,ch,sh结尾,的单词在词后,加,es,.,do-does go-goes finish-finishes,fix-fixes pass-passes watch-watches,第三人称单数变化形式。,c)以,辅音字母,y,结尾的单词变,y为i加-es,.,Study-studies,carry-carries,d)以,元音字母,y,结尾的单词,直接加,-s,.,play-plays stay-stays,c)以辅音字母y结尾的单词变y为i加-es.,否定,句和,疑问,句。,a)-He,is,an engineer.,-He,isn,t,an engineer.,-,Is,he an engineer?,-Yes,he,is,./No,he,isn,t.,否定句和疑问句。,否定,句和,疑问,句。,b),-We,get up,at 7:30 in the morning.,-We,don,t get up,at 7:30 in the morning.,-,Do,you get up at 7:30 in the morning?,-Yes,we,do,./No,we,don,t.,否定句和疑问句。,c),-He,likes,music.,-He,doesn,t like,music.,-,Does,he like music?,-Yes,he,does.,/No,he,doesn,t,.,c)-He likes music.,2一般过去时,表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，,通常与表示过去的时间状语,如,yesterday,last night,some years ago,in 1990,in those days.等连用。,I was a student,6years ago,.,I went to Beijing,last year,.,2一般过去时,句型结构：主语,.过去时,宾语,其他成分,They saw a film,last night,.,句型结构：主语.过去时宾语其他成分,否定句和疑问句。,a)-He,was,busy,yesterday.,-He,wasn,t,busy.,-,Was,he busy?,-Yes,he,was.,/No,he,wasn,t.,否定句和疑问句。,b)-He,smoked last year.,-He,didn,t smoke,last year.,-,Did,he smoke last year?,-Yes,he,did,./No,he,didn,t,.,b)-He smoked last year.,c)-He,joined,the army,in 1990.,-He,didn,t joined,the army in 1990.,-,Did,he join the army in 1990?,-Yes,he,did,./No,he,didn,t,.,c)-He joined the army in 19,4）动词过去式变化规则。,a)一般情况下的词加-ed.,work-worked call-called,b)以,不发音的字母,e结尾的单词直接加-d,.,live-lived change-changed smoke-smoked die-died,graduate-graduated drive-drove,4）动词过去式变化规则。,c)以,辅音字母,y,结尾的单词，,变,y为i加-ed.,study-studied carry-carried cry-cried try-tried,d)以,元音字母,y,结尾的单词,直接加,-ed.,play-played stay-stayed,c)以辅音字母y结尾的单词，变y为i加-ed.,e)以,元音辅音结尾,的单词应先,双写这个辅音字母然后再加,-ed,.,stop-stopped plan-planned pat-patted,e)以元音辅音结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ed,f)动词,不规则变化,：,do-did go-went come-came run-ran,begin-began drink-drank keep-kept,cut-cut set-set let-let,f)动词不规则变化：,3一般将来时,表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，,常与表将来的时间状语,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next Sunday,soon,in a few days等,连用。,3一般将来时,句型结构：主语,will/shallV.原形（第一人称用shall）,I,shall,go to Shanghai tomorrow.,They,will,have a meeting next week.,-She,will,be 20 years old.,句型结构：主语will/shallV.原形（第一人称,be(am,is,are)going to,+,动词原形,They are going to have a meeting next Sunday.,begoingto,和,will,的区别,begoingto,表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，,will,表示的将来时间则较远一些。,Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.,Hewillwriteabookone,be(am,is,are)going to+动词原形,begoingto,含有“,打算，准备,”的意思，而,will,则,没有这个意思,，,Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.,Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.,begoingto含有“打算，准备”的意思，而will则,be about toV.原形,（意为,马上做,某事，在时间上指,最近的将来,）,I am about to leave school.,不能与表示时间的副词连用。,They are about to set out.(),They are about to set out,soon.(),be about toV.原形（意为马上做某事，在时间上指,4过去将来时,过去将来时是,立足于过去,某时，从过去的观点,看将要,发生的动作或状态。,主要用于宾语从句中。,4过去将来时过去将来时是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将要,基本结构：主语,+would/should,/,was/were going to+V.原形+,He said that he,would have,a meeting,next week,.,They said we,should leave,school,tomorrow.,基本结构：主语+would/should/was/wer,5,现在进行时,现在进行时表示,现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作,。通常与,now,at present 等时间状语连用。,5现在进行时,基本结构：主语,+be(am,is,are)+v-ing+,其他成分,You,are listening,to me carefully now.,She,is writing,a letter this year.,Look!They,are dancing,.,We,are studying,English at present.,It,s raining,hard now.,基本结构：主语+be(am,is,are)+v-ing,6,.过去进行时,表示,过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作,，通常与,at 6:00 yesterday,at this/that time yesterday,when 引导的时间状语等连用。,6.过去进行时,基本结构 主语,+be(was/were)+v-ing+,其他成分,It was raining,at 7:00 the day before yesterday.,They were building,a reservoir at this time last winter.,基本结构 主语+be(was/were)+v-ing,7.,现在完成时,表示,过去发生的动作,对,现在造成的影响,。,Ive finished,this work.,He,has ever been,to Australia.,7.现在完成时,表示,过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作,或状态通常与下列时间状语连用,up to now,in the past,recently,by,for 5 years,since 1994,so far,already,yet,ever,just,表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态通常与下列时,基本结构 主语,+have/has+P.P(动词过去分词),I,have already read,this book.,Have,you read?,Yes,I,have.,No,I,havent,.,What have you,read?,基本结构 主语+have/has+P.P(动词过去分,过去分词的,不规则变化,do did done go went gone,eat ate eaten come came come,have had had see saw seen,过去分词的不规则变化,注意,含有,终止意义或暂短意义,的动词不能与,for,since 引导的一般时间状语连用。（buy,begin,die,come,go,join,leave 等）,I have had a book for 3 years.,I have,bough,t a book,for 3 day,.,(wrong),He has been in the army for 3 years.,He have,joined,the army for 3 years.,(wrong),注意,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,：,1)现在完成时,侧重于对现在的,影响,；而,一般过去时,侧重于某,一动作发生在过去,某个时间或某段时间。即现在,完成时侧重于现在的结果,，而,一般过去时侧重于,动作发生的,时间。,例如：,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：,I h