1文体学与翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 1,A Brief Introduction of Stylistics and Translation,文体学与翻译概论,1.1 What is Stylistics about?,Considering different communicative environment,methods,objectives and purposes,communicators would opt different,language varieties,(,语言变体,)that has different functions so as to perform their communication effectively.The language varieties are what people called“,style,”(,文体或语体,).,There are some diverse meanings of“style”.The origin of the world is,stylus,Latin for“pen”.From this the word extended is meaning to mean“a way of writing”,and then became further refined to mean“a good way of writing”.,The use of“Style”can extend to all,situationally,distinctive uses of language,literary and non-literary.As for English,for example,there are many styles of varieties,such as EST(English for Science and Technology),Advertising English,Press English,Law English,Tourism English,etc.,Stylistics,simply defined,is a discipline that studies the ways in which language is used;it is a discipline that studies the style of language is used.,1.2,Nature of Stylistic Analysis,Stylistics analysis is generally concerned with the,uniqueness,of a text.This naturally involves comparisons of the language of the text with that used in conventional types of discourse.,Stylisticians,may also wish to characterize the style of a type by systematically,comparing,the language uses in that type with those in another.,Halliday,points out,“The text may be seen as this in contrast with that,with another poem or another novel;stylistic studies are essentially,comparative in nature,”,(1971:341),Stylistics analysis have seen four stages of development,namely,1)register analysis(,语域分析,);,2)rhetorical and discourse analysis(,修辞及篇章分析,);,3)functional and stylistic analysis(,功能文体分析,);,4)genre analysis(,体裁分析,).,1.3 Stylistics and Translation Studies,Generally speaking,stylistics covers such fields:,1)analyzing various,habits of language,use to ensure the typical characteristics of a certain style;,2)explaining the,reason,that a certain style has its own characteristics;,3)classifying these,characters,according to their language functions.,As a matter of fact,different writings have different linguistic characteristics in the aspect of vocabulary,syntax,rhetoric,structure,etc.,According to linguists,Buler,and,Jackbson,there are three functions of language:,expressive function,informative function,vocative function,.,According to American linguists Martin,Joos,there are five styles of language:,frozen style(,庄重体,),formal style,（正式体）,consultative style,（商洽体）,casual style,（随意体）,intimate style,（亲密体）,Why can Stylistics be applied to translation study?,They both put emphasis on the social standard of communicative function;they dont ignore the timeliness and individuality of writing style as well,.,In the process of translation,it is necessary for translator to deal with his translation carefully in order to make the translation accord with the,source text,in the aspect of style.Now for some examples:,-Grasp all,lose all.,Version 1,：,如果你样样都要抓,就会一样都抓不到手。,Version 2,：,样样抓，样样差。（贪多必失）,Analysis,：,The original sentence is a brief and simple saying,。,When rendered into Chinese,the four-word sentence becomes sixteen-character Chinese sentence.The problem,of course,not lies in the length of the sentence but in the style.,1.4 Standards of Various Types of Translation,There are many types of writings in both English and Chinese.As we mentioned above section,English writings can be classified into such types:,1.Practical English Writings,:,Letters,telex,notice,instruction,etc,.,2.English for Advertising,3.English for Tourism,4.EST(English for Science and Technology),5.English for Press,6.English for Law&Contract,7.English for Literary Works(for next semester),To judge whether it is formal or informal,we can make the use of degree of“,extremely formal-formal-comparatively informal-extremely informal,”.,For example:,1,.It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly.Students are requested to remind themselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books,and to bear in mind the needs of other students.Penalties for overdue book will in the future be strictly enforced.,2,.The number of books in the library has been going down.Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing,and dont forget that the library is for everyones convenience.So from now on,were going to enforce the rules strictly.You have been warned!,Version for 1:,查本馆图书锐减,学生当不忘本馆书籍流通之规则及他人之需。逾期不归还者将受重罚。,Version for 2,：图书馆的书籍最近大量减少，请大家牢记借书的规定，不要忘记图书馆是为了大家的方便。因此，从现在起，我们将严肃地执行规定。我们特作此警告！,Analysis:the stylistic characteristics of the example 1 and 2 can be ensured in the aspects of,diction,syntax,and grammar,etc.Example 1 can be labeled a formal notice,while Example 2 can be labeled a comparatively informal notice.The versions are rendered into Chinese differently on the basis of their different stylistic characteris