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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚拟语气,(,Subjunctive Mood),语气是动词的一种形式。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度,而且在谓语动词上有所体现。语气分三种:陈述语气;祈使语气;虚拟语气。,1.陈述语气多见于大多数句子里,用来陈述事实或就事实提出询问,广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。,He could swim,but he didnt jump into the water to save the boy.,2.,祈使语气仅用于祈使句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求，劝告或命令。,Shut the window before leaving.,3.,虚拟语气表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等。,If I were a bird,I should fly in the sky.,一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用,二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用,三.虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用,四.虚拟语气在表语从句与同位语从句中的,使用,五.虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用,六.虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用,七.虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的使用,八.虚拟语气表祝愿或愿望,一虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用,如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。,1与现在的事实相反的假设的动词形式,从句：过去式（,be,只用,were）,主句：,would(should/could/might)+,动词原形,If it were not raining,we should go for a picnic.,If he came here,he might be able to help you,.,高考例题,1）(1984年高考),If there were no subjunctive mood,English_ much easier.,A.will be B.would have been,C.could have been D.would be,答案:,D,2与过去的事实相反的假设的动词形式,从句：,had+p.p.,主句：,would(should/could/might)+have+p.p.,She should have gone to the party if she had been invited.,If she hadnt called me,I should have overslept this morning.,2）(1993年高考),If he _,he _ that food.Luckily,he was sent,to the hospital immediately.,A.was warned;would not take,B.had been warned;would not have,taken,C.would be warned;had not taken,D.would have warned;had not taken,答案:,B,3与将来的事实相反的假设的动词形式,从句：过去式或,should/were to+,动词原形,主句：,would(should/could/might)+,动词原形,If I were to be 20 years old next year,I should take the course of computer science.,If it should fail,I would try again.,What would happen if the earth stopped turning?,3）,If he _ tomorrow,he would find Mr.Wang in the office.,A.comes B.will come,C.should come D.come,答案:,C,注：1。在,if,引导的非真实条件句中，,if,可以省略，但是需要倒装（从句位于主句前）,If he had been warned,he would not have taken that food.,=Had he been warned,he would not have taken that food.,What would happen if the earth,stopped turning?,=What would happen if the earth were to/should stop turning?,=Were the earth to stop turning,what would happen?,=Should the earth to stop turning,what would happen?,4）_,he would have succeeded in the examination.,A.Had he worked hard,B.If he worked hard,C.If he works hard,D.If he has worked hard,答案:,A,2某些介词,without/but for,等或连词,otherewise,等表示含蓄条件，需用虚拟语,气。,Without air,we would not live even for five minutes.,=If there were no air,we would not live even for five minutes.,But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.,=If it had not been for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.,Jack cant have arrived yet;otherwise he would have telephone me.,=Jack cant have arrived yet;if he had arrived,he would have telephone me.,5）(1991年高考),Without electricity human life _ quite different today.,A.is B.will be,C.would have been D.would be,答案:,D,6）(2001,年上海春招),He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.,A.had scored B.scored,C.would score D.would have,scored,答案:,D,3当主句的动作和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，需用混合虚拟条件句表示。,1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为过去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相反的说法。,If he had followed the doctors advice,he would be all right now.,2）,现在时与过去时混合使用。,If he could pass the exam now,he would have passed it last time.,3）现在时与将来时混合使用。,If he were here now,he was to start off with,us tomorrow.,7）(2002,年上海),It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.,A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen,C.should fall D.were to fall,答案:,B,8）(1995年高考),When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.,A.breaks,B.has broken,C.were broken,D.had been broken,答案:,C,二虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用,1在动词,order/demand/insist/command/advise/suggest/request/require/decide/ask,等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词用（,should）+,动词原形。,Janes uncle insisted that she not stay in the hotel.,The workers requested that their working conditions be improved.,注：这些词的后面有时也不用虚拟语气。,Janes pale face suggested that she was ill.,He insisted that he was right.,9）(1987,年高考),The judge ordered that the thief _ punished.,A.would be B.should be,C.was to be D.must be,答案:,B,10）(1997年高考),Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill,and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.,A.be;should have B.was;have,C.should be;had D.was;has,答案:,B,2动词,wish,的宾语从句的谓语动词与条件从句的谓语动词形式一样，即：现在使用过去；过去使用过去完成；将来使用过去将来（不管主句的谓语动词如何）。,I do wish that I could help you.,I wish I had known the answer to the question.,高考例题,11）(2002年上海春招),How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!,A.has B.had,C.will have D.had had,答案:,B,12）(1988,年高考),I wish I _ you yesterday.,A.seen B.did seen,C.had seen D.were to see,答案:,C,2.,It+be+important/desirable(,理想的)/,better/strange/necessary/surprising/+that,从句(,should+,动词原形),It is necessary that you(should)be present at the discussion.,3.It is a pity/a matter of regret/wonder/shame+that,从句(,should+,动词原形),4.,It is(high/about)time+that
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