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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2015/6/18 Thursday,#,政府公文的翻译,闫星星,1214010131,赵佩玲,1214010132,白碧琪,1214010133,政府公文,政府公文是政府公务文书的简称,是党政机关企事业单位按规定格式制作的书面材料,是其公务活动的产物。,政府公文涵盖范围较广,囊括各种公报、公告、宣言、声明、通告、表彰、通知、指示、意见、证明、工作报告、会议记录和各类规章法令等。,政府公文的文体特征,(,一,),词汇特征,1,)汉英语公文都十分讲究措辞的,准确性,。,香港回归,takeover,(接管),handover,(移交),the return of Hong Kong to China/the motherland,2,)其次,政府公文语体,正式,。,中文经常会选用一些,古雅词汇,如“兹”、“就此”、“至此”、“谨”、“上述”、“本”、“略”、“秉承”、“奉行”等。,汉语公文喜欢使用,四字成语,如严防死守、统筹兼顾、齐抓共管、兼收并蓄、厚积薄发、迎难而上、携手并肩、患难与共、立足当前、着眼长远、互惠互利、弯道超越。,英语还喜用,名词,,如,unconstitutionality,(违反宪法)、,taxability,(可征税性)和一些,派生词,如,cognizant,(认知的)和,resultant,(结果的)等。,3,)汉语公文包含众多具有,中国特色,的政治经济和文化词汇。,如,:,科学发展观,(scientific outlook on development),民主集中制,(democratic centralism),以德治国,(the rule of virtue),政务公开,(transparency of administrative affairs),精神文明,(cultural and ideological progress;cultural and ethical progress),两手抓两手都要硬,(doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each),争先创优,(striving to be the first and best;striving,for excellence),等等,中国特色词汇,中国特色词汇常常带有鲜明的词汇特征,在翻译界常常将其称作,汉语文化限定词或文化专有项,(culture specific terms/items),。,翻译策略:,直译(一国两制,经济特区),直译加解释(,863,计划),音译(风水,武术,孔子),音译加解释(粽子),4,)汉语公文中惯用,简称或缩写,。,例如,汉语公文常常使用许多具有中国特色的,数字化口号。,一国两制、两岸三通、三个代表、五讲四美三热爱、五缓四减三补贴、六个为什么、七个怎么看、八荣八耻、九十华诞、十二五规划等等。,策略:将数量词与范畴概念融为一体。,五缓四减三补贴(,the five-four-three employment support policies,),(,二,),句法特征,1,)汉语公文常常使用,并列谓语或并列短语,,喜用,流水小句,,句子长短不一。,字数相等排列整齐的对偶句式在汉语公文中也不时出现。,英语公文,长句复杂句,较多,,逻辑关系明显,。,事实表明,半个多世纪来,西藏文化不仅没有灭绝,恰恰相反,具有民族特色的传统文化得到了合理的继承、有效的保护和大力的弘扬,面向现代化、面向未来、面向世界的现代文化随着西藏经济社会的发展在开放中得到迅速、全面的发展。,(,西藏文化的保护与发展,),译文,:Facts show that there has been no“cultural genocide”in Tibet at all over the past half century and more.,On the contrary,,,the traditional culture of Tibet has been appropriately inherited,,,effectively protected and vigorously promoted,while,modern Tibetan culture,,,oriented toward modernization,,,the future and the rest of the world,,,has opened up to the outside world and achieved rapid and all-round development propelled by Tibets economic and social development,2),汉语公文多用,主动句,,而英语公文,被动句,使用频率较高,。,各少数民族聚居的地方,实行区域自治,设立自治机关,,行使自治权。各民族自治地方都是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。,(,中华人民共和国宪法,),译文,:Regional autonomy,is practiced,in areas where people of minority nationalities live in concentrated communities;in these areas organs of self-government,are established,to exercise the power of autonomy,All national autonomous areas are integral parts of the Peoples Republic of China,3),最后,汉语公文经常将修饰语放在中心词的左边,体现出,向左扩展,的特点,。,英语句子则是左短右长,总体表现为,向右扩展,。,人口问题,是关系中华民族生存与发展,关系中国现代化建设兴衰成败,关系人口与经济、社会、资源、环境能否相互协调和持续发展的,重大问题。,(,中国的计划生育,),译文,:,The population problem is an important question,that touches upon the survival and development of the Chinese nation,,,the success or failure of Chinas modernization drive as well as the coordinated and sustained development between the,population on one hand,,,and the economy,,,society,,,resources and environment on the other,Thank you,
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