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*,*,*,句子成分,句子是由不同种类的单词按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能表达一个完整意思的语言单位所构成。组成句子的各个成分即是句子成分。句子成分主要有八种，分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、,(,宾语和主语,),补足语、定语、状语及同位语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，其他成分，如表语和宾语等是句子的次要成分。,一、主语,用来说明句子所说的是“什么人”或是“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。,类别,例句,(1),名词或代词作主语,A,mooncake,is a delicious,round cake.,月饼是美味的圆饼。,It,s going to rain tomorrow.,明天要下雨。,(2),数词作主语,Three,is enough.,三个就够了。,(3),不定式作主语,To see,is to believe.,眼见为实。,类别,例句,(4),动名词作主语,Seeing,is believing.,百闻不如一见。,(5),名词化的形容词作主语,The young,should study hard.,年轻人应该努力学习。,(6),介词短语作主语,From Beijing to Guangzhou,is a ten-hour ride.,从北京到广州有十个小时的路程。,(7),从句作主语,What he said,is true.,他说的是对的。,二、谓语,说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”，谓语用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须一致。,类别,例句,(1),简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成，有人称、数和时态的变化,Mr.Brown,came,to China last year.,布朗先生去年来的中国。,(2),由“连系动词,+,表语”构成的复合谓语,The song,sounds,beautiful.,这首歌听起来非常优美。,(3),由“情态动词,+,动词原形”构成的复合谓语,Ann,can sing,very well.,安唱歌非常好。,三、表语,表语表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。表语要放在系动词之后与系动词一起作复合谓语。,类别,例句,(1),名词作表语,His suggestion sounds,a good idea,.,他的建议听起来是一个好主意。,(2),代词作表语,My point is,this,.,我的观点就是如此。,(3),形容词作表语,The soup tastes,delicious,.,这汤真好喝。,(4),副词作表语,We must be,off,now.,现在我们必须得走了。,类别,例句,(5),现在分词作表语,(,表示主语的特征,),Time is,pressing,.,时间紧迫。,(6),过去分词作表语,(,表示主语的状态,),The glasses are,broken,.,这些玻璃杯碎了。,(7),不定式作表语,My job is,to feed animals,.,我的工作是饲养动物。,(8),动名词作表语,His dream is,becoming a doctor,.,他的梦想是成为一名医生。,(9),介词短语作表语,The dog is,under the desk,.,狗在桌子下面。,(10),从句作表语,The question is,that we are short of money,.,问题是我们缺少钱。,四、宾语,宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者,类别,例句,(1),名词作宾语,I bought,a computer,last week.,上周我买了一台电脑。,(2),代词作宾语,We all like,her,.,我们都喜欢她。,(3),名词化的形容词,或分词作宾语,We should help,the poor,.,我们应该帮助穷人。,类别,例句,(4),动词不定式作宾语,Remember,to call me,.,请记得给我打电话。,(5),动名词作宾语,Would you mind,opening the door,?,你介意打开门吗？,(6),疑问词,+,动词不定式作宾语,I dont know,what to do next,.,我不知道下一步做什么。,(7),从句作宾语,I dont know,what he said,.,我不知道他说了什么。,元贝驾考网,http:/ 科目一 科目三 仿真试题,五、定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词,种类,例句,(1),名词作定语,These are,apple,trees.,这些是苹果树。,(2),代词作定语,His,shoes are red.,他的鞋子是红色的。,(3),名词所有格作定语,This is,Bills,pen.,这是比尔的钢笔。,种类,例句,(4),形容词作定语,He is an,honest,boy.,他是一个诚实的男孩。,(5),副词作后置定语,The people,here,are friendly to us.,这儿的人们对我们非常友好。,(6),数词作定语,There are,fifty,students in our class.,我们班有五十名学生。,(7),不定式作后置定语,I have something important,to do,.,我有重要的事情要做。,种类,例句,(8),动名词作定语,We can swim in the,swimming,pool.,我们能在游泳池里游泳。,(9),分词作定语,The girl,playing the piano,is my daughter.,正在弹钢琴的女孩是我女儿。,(10),介词短语作后置定语,The pen,on the desk,is mine.,桌子上的那支钢笔是我的。,(11),从句作后置定语,The watch,that I bought yesterday,cost me ten,yuan,.,昨天我买的那块手表花费了我,10,元钱。,六、状语,状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示行为发生的地点、时间、方式、程度等。,种类,例句,(1),副词作状语,Bolt runs very,fast,.,博尔特跑得非常快。,(2),介词短语作状语,The students are playing,on the,playground,.,学生们正在操场上玩。,种类,例句,(3),分词作状语,Considering that he is just a seven-year-old boy,he speaks English very well.,考虑到他只是一个七岁的男孩，他英语说得已经相当好了。,(4),不定式作状语,I come here,to say goodbye to you,.,我来这里是为了向你告别的。,(5),从句作状语,I was watching TV,when he came back,.,他回来的时候我正在看电视。,七、宾语补足语,宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况,类别,例句,(1),名词作宾语补足语,We call him,a fool,.,我们叫他傻瓜。,(2),形容词作宾语补足语,Im going to paint the wall,pink,.,我打算把墙漆成粉红色。,(3),介词短语作宾语补足语,Please make yourself,at home,.,请随便点儿。,类别,例句,(4),副词作宾语补足语,Let him,in,please.,请让他进来。,(5),不定式,(,短语,),作宾语补足语,Our teacher often encourages us,to,study hard,.,我们老师经常鼓励我们努力学习。,(6),分词,(,短语,),作宾语补足语,He saw her,working,in the garden.,他看见她正在花园里工作。,单项选择,1.,（,2012,六盘水中考）,Tell the children _ unhealthy food.Its bad for their health.,A.not to eat B.not eating,C.to eat D.eating,【,解析,】,选,A,。,tell,sb,.not to do,sth,.“,告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选,A,。,2.,（,2012,安顺中考）,When I went into the room,I found _ in bed.,A.him lying B.he lying,C.he lies D.him was lying,【,解析,】,选,A,。,find,sb,.doing,sth,.“,发现某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语。,3.(2011,凉山中考,)I have _ to tell you.Maybe you will be _ in it.,A.interesting something;interested,B.something interesting;interesting,C.something interesting;interested,【,解析,】,选,C,。形容词修饰不定代词时，应该放在其后面。,be interested in,是固定搭配，意思是“对,感兴趣”。故选,C,。,4.(2011,贵港中考,)What do you think of the two backpacks?,_ of them are very nice.,A.Either B.Both C.Each D.All,【,解析,】,选,B,。,either“(,两者中,),任意一个”；,both“(,两者,),都”；,each“(,三者或者三者以上中,),任意一个”；,all“(,三者或者三者以上,),都”，根据答句中,be,动词,are,，故作主语的是复数，问句指的是,the two backpacks,。故选,B,。,金手指驾校,http:/,金手指驾驶员考试,2016,科目一 科目四,Grammar Focus,5.(2011,杭州中考,)Nick,would you mind _ those old jeans?They look terrible.,A.not to wear B.not wear,C.wearing not D.not wearing,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查,mind,的用法。,mind,后面跟动词,-,ing,，否定形式为,mind not doing,。故选,D,。,6.(2011,丽水中考,)Kate and I are going to the concert this weekend.Dad will take _ there.,A.it B.you C.us D.them,【,解析,】,选,C,。前面提到“凯特和我”，所以后面“爸爸”应该是带着“我们”去那里，故选,C,。,7.(2011,岳阳中考,)_ of the land is covered with trees and grass in,Pingjiang,Yueyang,.,A.Three fives,B.Three fifths,C.Three fifth,【,解析,】,选,B,。分子用基数词表示；分母用序数词表示，当分子大于,1,时，分母加,-s,，故选,B,。,
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