上呼吸道解剖（英文）

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Larynx(cont),Glottic opening,narrowest part of adult trachea,dependent on muscle tone,contains vocal bands,white bands of cartilage,produce voice,Arytenoid cartilage,posterior attachment of vocal bands,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Larynx(cont),Cricoid ring,first tracheal ring,completely cartilaginous,compression occludes esophagus,Sellick maneuver,Cricothyroid membrane,membrane between cricoid&thyroid cartilage,site for surgical and needle airway placement,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Larynx(cont),associated&adjacent structures,thyroid gland,below cricoid cartilage,lies across trachea and up both sides,carotid arteries,branches across and lie closely alongside trachea,jugular veins,branch across and lie close to trachea,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Pediatric vs Adult Upper Airway,Larger tongue in comparison to size of mouth,Floppy epiglottis,Delicate teeth and gums,Larynx is more superior,Funnel shaped larynx due to undeveloped cricoid cartilage,Narrowest point at cricoid ring before 10 yoa,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,From:CPEM,TRIPP,1998,Anatomy of the Upper Airway,Anatomy of the Lower Airway,Function,exchange O,2,and CO,2,Location,From the glottic opening to pulmonary capillary membrane,Anatomy of the Lower Airway,Trachea,Bifurcates at carina,Right and Left mainstem bronchi,Right mainstem bronchi has less angle,Lined with mucous cells&Beta 2 receptors,Bronchi,Branch into secondary&tertiary bronchi that branch into bronchioles,Anatomy of the Lower Airway,Bronchioles,Branch into alveolar ducts that end at alveolar sacs,Alveoli,“Balloon-like clusters,Site of gas exchange,Lined with surfactant,increases surface tension eases expansion,surfactant or alveoli not inflated atelectasis,Anatomy of the Lower Airway,Lungs,Right lung=3 lobes;Left lung=2 lobes,Parenchymal tissue,Membranous outer lining called pleura,visceral and parietal,pleural space,Specific lung capacities,