高一衔接课基本句型

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,I like make friends with anyone.,I think English is a dont useful language.,I know it Chinese meaning is OK.,Im dont good at English.,I will hard to learn English.,I believe I will success.,Im very like English.,I can do my biggest hard to do everything.,I still a little heavy.,五种基本句型,词类,名词、形容词、代词、,数词,、,冠词,、动词、副词、介词、连词、,感叹词,。,1,、名词,(n.),：表示人、事物、地点或,抽象概念,的名称。如：,boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange,.2,、代词,(pron.),：主要用来代替名词。如：,who,she,you,it.3,、形容词,(adj.),：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：,good,right,white,orange,.4,、,数词,(num.),：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：,one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5,、动词,(v.),：表示动作或状态。如：,am,is,are,have,see,.,词类,6,、副词,(adv.),：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。,如：,now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.7,、,冠词,(art.),：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：,a,an,the.8,、介词,(prep.),：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他,句子成分,的关系。,如,in,on,from,above,behind.9,、连词,(conj.),：用来,连接词,、短语或句子。如,and,but,before.10,、,感叹词,(interj.),表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：,oh,well,hi,hello.,句子成分,英语的基本成分有七种：主语（,subject,）、谓语（,predicate,）、表语（,predicative,）、宾语（,object,）、定语（,attribute,）、状语,(adverbial),和补语（,complement,）。,同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分，,同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任,主语,是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物，是句子的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。,谓语,用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。,宾语,是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。,表语,用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。,定语,描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况。定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。,状语,:,说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任。,宾语补足语,补充说明宾语干了什么，怎么样。可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、,介词短语,和从句充当,基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：,+,（主谓）基本句型二：,+,+,（主谓表）基本句型三：,+,+,（主谓宾）基本句型四：,+,+,+,（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：,+,+,+,（主谓宾宾补）,一、主语,+,谓语（不及物动词）（,SV,型）,The rain stopped.They are talking.,二、主语,+,谓语（及物动词）,+,宾语（,SVO,型）,Children often sing this,song.My,mother is watching TV.,三、主语,+,连系动词,+,表语（,SVP,型）,The book is new.Betty looks very beautiful.,四、主语,+,谓语（及物动词）,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语（,SVID,型）,Ill by him a new,watch.She,showed me all her pictures.,五、主语,+,谓语（及物动词）,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语（,SVOC,型）如：,We often heard them,laugh.John,told me to do that again,。,基本句型 一,+,（不及物动词）,此句型句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,1.The sunwas shining.2.The moonrose.3.The universeremains.4.We allbreathe,eat,and drink.5.Lucy and Maryget up early every morning.6.What he said does not matter.7.Theyhad talked for half an hour when I came in.8.His parentshave worked in the factory for more than ten years.,句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：,work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen,等。,如：,1)Li Ming works very hard.,李明学习很努力。,2)The accident happened yesterday afternoon.,事故是昨天下午发生的。,3,）,Spring is coming.4)We have lived in the city for ten years.,基本句型 二,+,（是系动词）,+,句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：,be,look,keep,seem,等属一类，表示情况；,get,grow,become,turn,等属另一类，表示变化。,be,本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。,1.Thisisan English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinnersmellsgood.3.He fellin love.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heis growingtall and strong.6.The trouble isthat they are short of money.7.Our wellhas gonedry.8.His faceturnedred.,联系动词（,Link Verb,）本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。,例如：,He fell ill yesterday,。（,fell,是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）,He fell off the ladder,。（,fell,是实义动词，单独作谓语）,1,）状态系动词：,用来表示主语状态，只有,be,一词。,He is a teacher.,（,is,与表语一起说明主语的身份。）,2,）持续系动词：,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,。,例如：,He always kept silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,This matter rests a mystery.,此事仍是一个谜。,3,）,表像系动词,用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有,seem,appear,look,例：,He looks tired.,他看起来很累。,He seems(to be)very sad.,他看起来很伤心。,4,）,感官系动词,主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,例,：,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,这种布手感很软。,This flower smells very sweet.,这朵花闻起来很香。,5,）,变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.,例：,He became mad after that.,自那之后，他疯了。,She grew rich within a short time.,她没多长时间就富了。,6,）,终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作，主要有,prove,turn out,表达“证实”，“变成”之意,例：,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,The search proved difficult.,搜查证实很难。,His plan turned out a success.,他的计划终于成功了。（,turn out,表终止性结果）,其系动词一般可分为下列两类：,(1),表示状态。这样的词有：,be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep,等。,如：,1)This kind of food tastes delicious.,这种食物吃起来很可口。,2)He looked worried just now.,刚才他看上去有些焦急。,(2),表示变化。这类系动词有：,become,turn,get,grow,go,等。,如：,1)Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.,春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。,2)The tree has grown much taller than before.,这棵树比以前长得高多了,基本句型 三,+,（及物动词）,+,此句型谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,1.Whoknowsthe answer?2.Shesmiledher thanks.3.Hehas refused to help them.4.Heenjoysreading.5.Theyatewhat was left over.6.HesaidGood morning.7.Iwantto have a cup of tea.8.Headmitsthat he was mistaken,句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。,例：,1,)He took his bag and left.,（名词）他拿着书包离开了。,2)Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.(,代词,),当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。,3)She plans to travel in the coming May Day.,（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅