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,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Grammar,The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause,The old man has a son,who is in the army.,The old man has a son,who is in the army,.,非限制性,定语从句,限制性,定语从句,这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。（隐含的意义：只有一个儿子）,这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。(隐含的意义：也许老人还有其他的儿子，在干别的工作),Jim doesnt like to ask questions,which make his teacher angry.,Jim doesnt like to ask questions,which makes his teacher angry.,限制性定语从句,吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。（which修饰questions）,非限制性定语从句,吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气。（which修饰前面的整个句子）,She has two brothers,who are working in,the city.,她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。,(,She has more than two brothers.),b)She has two brothers,who are working in,the city.,她有两个弟弟,他们在这个城市工作。,(,She has only two brothers.),品味一“翻”,下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差,意义大相径庭。,He will wear no clothes,which will make him,different from others.,他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。,b)He will wear no clothes,which will make him,different from others.,他不穿衣服,这会使他显得与众不同。,非限制性定语从句,构成：,+,+,关系词,先行词,She has,two brothers,(,who,are working in the city).,+,其他部分,Conclusion,1.,限制性定语从句与先行词关系,（,A:,密切,;B:,松散）,，是先行词,(A:,可缺少,;B:,不可缺少,),的部分,去掉它，主句意思,(A:,不明确,;B:,明确,.),翻译时,从句先译,“,的”,2.,非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明,去掉,（,A:,会影响,;B:,不会影响）,主句的意思。翻译时，主句先译，从句单独成句,A,B,A,B,非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系,指人,指物,在定语从句中的作用,Who,Whom,Which,whose,主语,主语 宾语,定语,宾语,指代整个主句,关系副词,(where,when),的指代关系,指地点,指时间,在定语从句中的作用,Where,When,时间状语,地点状语,that,why,不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。,tip,介词,+which,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,表意,功能,形式,修饰_,修饰_或,_,无_与主句分开,有_与主句分开,使用时可以用,that,引导,与主句语意关系_(紧凑/松散)，定从_(不能/能)删除,与主句语意关系_,定从_删除,使用时不能用,_,引导,紧凑,不能,松散,能,先行词,先行词,整个句子,逗号,逗号,that,当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时,往往先确定先行词,然后再分析先行词,在从句中的作用,再对关系词加以选择。,整理一番,1.,I love,the book,(which)I bought yesterday,.,2.This gift was,the Amber Room,which we gave this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.,关系代词在限制性定语从句中作,_,时可以省略。,关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可以,_,。,宾语,省略,3.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which,frightened me very much.,4.A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which,surprises all of us.,大多数定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由,_,引导。,which,5.She has married again,which,delighted us,6.Spiders are not insects,as,many,people think.,=(,As,many people think,spiders are not insects.),as(,译为,_),引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活,可位于所修饰的句子,之后,句中或句首,;,而由,which(,译为,_),引导的非限制性定语从句一般,不位于句首,。,“正如,”,“这”或“这件事”,7.This is the girl,whom/who,I met in the street.,8.A young man had a new girl friend,whom,he wanted to impress.,关系代词,whom,在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用,_,代替，,但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时只能用,_,_。（指人）,who,who,m,As,“正如、像,一样”,位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面,。而,which,引导的非限制性定语从句,只能放在主句之后,，且无“正如”之意。,试比较下面两个句子。,He went abroad,_was expected.,He went abroad,_was,un,expected.,as,which,当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用,which,引导。,从句与主句的关系,从句的作用,从句是否可以去掉,是否运用逗号,读时是否停顿,翻译时的区别,先行词的形式,从句是否可以修饰句子,关系代词,Which/Who,在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略,Whom,在从句中做宾语时是否可以用,that,或,who,代替,That,的运用,关系副词,Why,的运用,两类 定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,从句与主句的关系,密切,疏松,从句的作用,修饰说明先行词，限制作用,附加、补充说明，不起限制作用,从句是否可以去掉,不能，删除后影响整个句意的表达,能,是否运用逗号,不运用,运用,逗号,读时是否停顿,不停顿,停顿,翻译时的区别,常翻译为定语，“,的,”,常翻译为,两个独立的句子,先行词的形式,名词、代词,名词、代词、,句子,从句是否可以修饰句子,不可以,可以，从,句由,which,或,as,引导,。,as,可,位于所修饰的,句子之后,句中或句首,;,而由,which,不能,位,于句首。,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,关系代词,who,，,whom,，,whose,，,that,，,which,who(,做主语,),，,whom,（做宾语），,Whose,，,which,Which/Who,在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略,可省略（,that,在从句中做宾语时也可以省略）,不可省略,Whom,在从句中做宾语时是否可以用,that,或,who,代替,可代替,不可代替,That,的运用,可以用,that,不可用,that,关系副词,When,，,where,，,Why,When,，,where,Why,的运用,可以用,Why,用,for which,替代,Why,改错题,non-restrictive attributive clause,错漏,“,摆,”,出,1.People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang,he,was the first Chinese to walk in space.,2.Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008,when a big earthquake happened in,Sichuan then.,3.Which is shown on TV,many children,suffered a lot from the polluted milk.,he,who,then,去掉,Which,As,错漏,“,摆,”,出,4.China got the most gold medals in the,Olympics,that makes people excited.,5.I dream of going to Beijing,which the 29th,Olympic Games was held.,that,which,which,where/in which,关系词填空,non-restrictive attributive clause,competition,Task 1:Fill in the blanks using,which,as,when,who,whom,where,when,why,that.,(1)St Petersburg is a very beautiful city,_ was once called Leningrad.,(2)In Xian,I met a teacher,_ has a strong love for cultural relics and took me to visit the history museum.,which,who,(3)I dont remember the soldier,_ told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.,(4)My grandfather was a child then,_ people didnt pay much attention to cultural relics in the old days.,(5)They moved the boxes to a mine,_ they wanted to hide them.,who,when,where,(1)What surprised me was not what he said but the way _ he said it.,(2)Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.(06,山东）,(that/in which),where,Task 2:Practice.,(3)_ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.,(4)This is
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