高三英语一轮复习-动词不定式专题

,高中英语,高三英语第一轮复习第十三讲,动词不定式专题复习,主讲人：黄祥兵,课堂重点内容介绍,本节课主要讲解动词不定式的基本概念，基本形,式，以及它的句法功能。同时配有相应的例句和高考,题讲解，以帮助学生灵活掌握这一重要语法知识。,动词不定式,动词不定式无人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。,动词不定式的形式如下图：,时态,语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,to write,to be written,进行式,to be writing,完成式,to have written,to have been written,完成进行式,to have been writing,It,is a great pleasure,to play basketball.,动词不定式,不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,1.,作主语，侧重于动作的具体性和将来性。,To play basketball,is a great pleasure.,但为使句子平衡，常用,it,代它作主语，把它移到句子后面去。,动词不定式,跟不定式作宾语的常见动词：,hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try,dare,help,promise,refuse,learn,offer,agree,forget,bother.,2.,作宾语,不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,常跟疑问词,+,不定式作宾语的动词：,tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,explain,tell,sb,what to do,动词不定式,3.,作表语,表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。,He is,to marry Rose,.,表示主语的内容，,但侧重于目的性。,Her wish,was to become,an artist.,表示情态意义,(,应该，必须,),。,The form is,to be filled,in and returned within a week.,She is,to blame,.,不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,动词不定式,4.,不定式作定语,一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。,Charles Lindbergh is,the first man,to fly the Atlantic alone,.,(,主谓关系,),She has,a good chance,to go to college.,(,同位关系,),He has got,lots of questions,to ask.,(,动宾关系,),不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,动词不定式,4.,不定式作定语,一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。,不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,注意：,如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系，而这个不定式又是,不及物动词,它后面应有必要的介词。例如：,There is,nothing,to worry,about,.,不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的地点或所使,用的工具时,它后面要带上必要的介词。,I need,a pen,to write,with,.,He is looking for,a room,to live,in,.,动词不定式,5.,不定式作宾语补足语,跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词,let,have,make,get,等表使役的动词,They,made,us,go,with them.,注意：,Let/have/make,sb,.,do,;,get,sb,.,to,do,They,got,us,to go,with them.,ask,tell,request,order,等表要求，命令的动词,The chairman,requested,the members,to be silent,.,不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,动词不定式,5.,不定式作宾语补足语,跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词,allow,permit,forbid,等表许可或禁止的动词,The guard,forbade,me,to enter,.,wish,want,expect,intend,等表希望的动词,(hope,无此用法,),Many parents,expect,their children,to study,abroad.,see,watch,notice,hear,listen to,observe,feel,等表感官的动词,I noticed tears come into his eyes.,We often hear her sing the song at home.,注：感官动词后的不定式均不带,to,。,不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,动词不定式,5.,不定式作宾语补足语,跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词,其他动词,advise,help,persuade,encourage,warn,cause,force,remind,Please,remind,me,to take,the raincoat.,不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,动词不定式,6.,不定式作状语,不定式作目的状语,Tim sat near the fire,to get warm,.,The athletes,practised,hard,to win the match,.,强调,作目的状语的不定式,常用,in order(not)to,，,so as(not)to,短语。前者可放在句首，也可放在句中；,后者只能放在句中。,不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,动词不定式,不定式作结果状语,作结果状语的不定式常用于一些固定搭配中。,如：,too to,enough to,sufficient to,only to,never to,so+,形容词,/,副词,+as to,such+,名词,+as to do,引导。,如：,Would you be so kind as to step this way,please?,I tried the door,only to find it locked inside.,不定式的句法功能,主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语,6.,不定式作状语,试试看,1.Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college,graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times,the number hired last year,_ reduce unemployment,pressures.,A.help B.helped C.to help D.having helped,2.The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered,the classroom.,A.looked at B.to look at C.to looking at D.look at,C,B,3.We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.,A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding,A,4._,you need to give all you have and try your best.,A.Being a winner B.To be a winner,C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner,5.The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the,local culture.,A.produced B.being produced,C.to be produced,D.,havingbeen,produced,B,C,6.All of them try to use the power of the workstation _,information in a more effective way.,A.presenting B.presented,C.being presented D.to present,D,试试看,7.When he _ the door,he found his keys were nowhere.,A.would open B.opened,C.had opened D.was to open,8.Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it,easier for it _.,A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.to be reused,D,D,9.David threatened _ his,neighbour,to the police if the damages,were not paid.,A.to be reported B.reporting,C.to report D.having reported,C,试试看,10._ the project in time,the staff were working at weekends.,A.Competing B.Having completed,C.To have completed D.To complete,11.With the world changing fast,we have something new _,with all by ourselves every day.,A.deal B.dealt C.todeal D.dealing,D,C,12.That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water,in students,bathrooms.,A.reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce,B,试试看,13.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.,A.to discover B.to be discovered,C.discovered D.being discovered,14.I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.,A.completing B.to complete,C.completed D.being completed,B,B,15.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some,money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.,A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought,B,16.His first book _ next month is based on a true story.,A.published B.to be published,C.to publish D.being published,B,试试看,17.We were astonished _ the temple still in its original,condition.,A.finding B,to find C.find D,to be found,B,