《史无前例南极探险》课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Scientists,To Drift,On Ice Floe,Near,Antarctica,科学家将在南极洲附近乘浮冰漂流考察,Washington,-A,group,of 20 U.S.and Russian scientists are preparing to launch an unprecedented expedition,that,will,involve,being set adrift,on,an ice floe for five months,off the frozen coast of Antarctica,following roughly the same path,as the,ill-fated,expedition of,a British explorer,nearly eight decades earlier.,华盛顿,讯,一支由,20,名美国和俄国科学家,组成,的,科学考察队,正准备进行一次史无前例的探险，,他们将,搭乘,浮冰，,沿,南极洲的冰封海岸漂流,5,个月，,其漂流线路与近,80,年前英国探险家欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士的探险线路大致相同，欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士在那次探险中曾陷入困境。,In February the scientists,together with 12,support personnel,are,due to,disembark from the Russian ice breaking research ship,Akademik Federov,（,费德罗夫院士号）,onto an ice floe at the southern end of the,Weddell,Sea（,威德尔海,）,about 2,000 kilometers,south of,the tip,of South America.,这些科学家计划于,2,月份和,12,名,后勤,支援人员一起，在距南美洲最南端以南约,2000,公里的威德尔海南端，从俄国的“费德罗夫院士”号破冰考察船登上浮冰,/,这些科学家计划，在威德尔海南端，从俄国的“费德罗夫院士”号破冰考察船登上浮冰，那里距,Camped in,a nest of,prefabricated huts,on a chunk of ice,about a half kilometer wide and three meters thick,they,ll,drift northward for about 650 kilometers to gather the,extensive data,on the,poorly understood,interactions of ocean,ice and atmosphere in the,Weddell,Sea.The,delicate,balance of this system has a strong impact on global climate and ocean currents.,考察队将在一块约半公里宽，,3,米厚的浮冰上宿营,于,一组,预制小屋中，,他们将向北漂流约,650,公里，并广泛收集,威德尔海地区海洋、冰层和大气相互作用的,数据。,人类对这方面的情况还知之甚少,，,而这一系统的,脆弱,平衡却对全球气候和洋流有着巨大的影响。,The floes,trajectory will take the scientists,through the western part of the,Weddell,Sea,a region that has been largely,off limits to,researchers because of,its perpetual ice,.But,in,a 1993 meeting of Antarctic scientists in St.,Petersburg,Russian scientists suggested,a slow but sure,way,to,get a research station into the western,Weddell,:rely on the natural drift of the ice floes.,按照这次冰上漂流的线路,，科学家们将穿过威德尔海西部。,这一带,由于终年冰封,，基本上仍是科研人员尚未涉足的禁区。,然而,1993,年在圣彼得堡召开的一次南极科学家会议上，俄国科学家提出了一个虽然耗时较长但却稳妥可靠的,方案,：,借助浮冰的自然漂流,将科学考察站送入威德尔海西部,。,Team members will be,rotated in and out,of the,ice station,by airplane from March 10 to 17,and,via,the,new,U.S.ice-breaking research ship Nathaniel B.Palmer（,“纳塞尼尔,B,帕尔默,”,号）,from April 23 to 30.Airplanes and helicopters will also provide emergency evacuations,though sudden blizzards in the region might,restrict,air travel,.,从,3,月,10,日至,17,日，队员们将乘飞机轮流进出,冰上,考察站，,从,4,月,23,日至,30,日则乘美国的“纳塞尼尔,B,帕尔默,”,号最新式破冰考察船,进出,。,虽然这一地区突发的暴风雪可能会,妨碍,空中,航行,，但还是,准备了,飞机和直升机,以供紧急撤离之用,。,The ice floe,is expected,to drift along roughly the same path of,Sir,Ernest,Shackleton,（,欧内斯特沙克尔顿,）s ship,Endurance,which,was trapped,in the ice in 1915 and,carried over,900 kilometers north before it was crushed and sank.,预计,考察队将搭乘浮冰，大致沿着欧内斯特沙克尔顿爵士曾经走过的,航线,漂流。,1915,年，沙克尔顿爵士乘坐的“耐久,”,号探险船在南极陷入了浮冰,的围困,，,并被,挟带,着向北漂流了,900,公里，,最后,被挤碎沉没。,Escaping,onto an ice floe,Shackleton,s,men,dragged,boats,to,open water,and reached,Elephant Island,from,which,Shackleton,and five others crossed 1,392 kilometers of ocean and organized,the rescue of,every men.,沙克尔顿他手下的船员们逃到一块浮冰上，然后把救生艇拖至,无冰水域,，并划抵,海象,岛。,沙克尔顿同,5,名船员,从该岛,出发，渡过,1392,公里的洋面，组织营救了每一名船员。,The ship Palmer,is scheduled,to pick up the,ice floe scientists,in June near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula,before,the floe reaches,the open ocean,or begins to melt,not far from where,Shackleton,and,his men,finally,escaped the ice,.,按计划,，“帕尔默,”,号破冰船将于,6,月份，在考察队所搭乘的浮冰漂到,无冰洋面,或开始融化之前，从南极半岛顶端附近接回浮冰上的科学家。,当年，沙克尔顿及其船员们也正是在这附近最终摆脱了浮冰,的围困,。,One of the chief goals of the expedition is to,solve the puzzle of why the western,Weddell,Sea is covered by ice all year,.In the rest of the,Weddell,Sea,the ice melts,away,in the summer and,remains thin,even in the winter.,The researchers hope to find out,what is happening under the ice pack,by,lowering,sensors and,current-monitoring,acoustic devices,through the ice,to measure heat flow and study interactions of ocean,ice and atmosphere.,这次考察的主要目的之一，是解开威德尔海西部终年冰封之谜。,而,在威德尔海的其它海域，冰,层,在夏季消融，即使在冬季也,不厚,。,研究人员将穿过冰,层,把传感器和,监测洋流,的声学仪器,放入海中,，测量,暖流,并研究海洋、冰和大气的相互作用，,以期,揭开浮冰下的,奥秘,。,Their,findings,are,important,because the water,s,around the Antarctica play a major role in world climate,by releasing,heat and,taking up,carbon dioxide,a major,contributor,to,global warming,.,The surface waters,once they become colder and,denser,sink and spread along the,sea floor,into,most of,the worlds ocean,s,这次,考察的结果,意义重大，因为南极洲周围的水域释放热量并吸收造成全球变暖的主要温室气体,二氧化碳，从而对世界气候产生重大影响。,而且,海洋,表层的水,流,一旦变冷，,密度变大,，就会下沉并沿着,海床,扩散到,全球各大洋的大部分地区,。,About half of the carbon dioxide,released into the atmosphere,by,the burning of,fossil fuels,and destruction of forests,is believed,to be absorbed by the ocean,where,it is eventually,incorporated,into the deep ocean,reservoir,and does not,contribute to,the,greenhouse effect,.The worlds deep ocean water,s,contain about,50 times as much,carbon dioxide,as,the atmosphere.,因,燃烧,矿物燃料,和,焚毁,森林而产生的二氧化碳,在进入大气后,，,据信,约有,半数,被海洋所吸收，,并最终汇入深层海水，从而没有进一步加剧温室效应。,而全世界,深海水体,中的二氧化碳含量，是大气层,中,的50倍。,To date,scientists cannot predict whether global warming may increase or