英语语法ppt课件介词

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专题三,介 词,介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的,虚词,，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。介词可分为,时间介词,、,地点介词,、,方式介词,、,原因介词,和,其他介词,。,Nothing in the world could live,without,air or water.(状语),This machine is,in,good condition.(表语),Where is the key,to,my bike?(定语),She always thinks herself,above,others.（宾补）,专题三 介 词 介词是一种用来表示词与词、,1,一、介词的分类,（1）从用法分类,介词类型,例词,例句,表示,方位,at,before,behind,below,etc.,There must be something,behind,it.,表示,时间,about,after,at,before,by,etc.,He came home,after,3 days.,表示,原因,、,目的,for,with,from,etc.,He died,from,cancer.,表示,对于,to,for,over,at,with,etc.,The book is really difficult,for,me.,表示,手段,、,方式,by,in,with,etc.,I will defend the motherland,with,my life.,一、介词的分类介词类型例词例句表示方位at,before,2,表示,除去,but,besides,except,etc.,We all went to the supermarket,except,Tom.,表示,比较,as,like,above,over,than,etc.,They united,as,one man.,表示,结果,to,with,without,etc.,Man cant live,without,water.,but,besides,except,etc.We a,3,（2）从结构分类,介词分类,构成,例词,简单,介词,只有单独一个,词的介词,after,at,on,in,during,since,till,across,over,through,past,near,to,above,by,for,down,from,of,off,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,up,with,about,against,along,among,around,etc.,复合,介词,由两个单词,合成的介词,into,inside,onto,outside,throughout,towards,upon,within,without,etc.,（2）从结构分类介词分类构成例词简单介词只有单独一个afte,4,短语,介词,形容词，分词,或副词+介词,according to,away from,down to,inside of,near to,opposite to,owing to,etc.,连词+介词,as for,as to,because of,etc.,介词+介词(又称双重介词),from among,from behind,from under,till after,in between,etc.,介词+名词+介词,by means of,in front of,in spite of,on account of,with regard to,etc.,其他,thanks to,etc.,由其他,词类转用,分词,concerning,considering,including,regarding,etc.,形容词或副词,like,near,opposite,round,next,etc.,连词,than,but(除之外),etc.,名词,despite(不顾；不管),etc.,形容词，分词according to,away from,5,【考点一】考查with/without复合结构,介词,with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词,（分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词）在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。,With,all the things,she needed,bought,she went home happily.,Possibly this person died,without,anyone,knowing,where the coins were hidden.,【即学即练】,单项填空,It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished.,A.for B.with C.from D.of,解析：选B。考查with复合结构。works 与unfinish之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系，则用现在分词表示主动。,【考点一】考查with/without复合结构,6,【考点二】考查工具、手段、方式介词,（1）by,in,on三词都可表示旅行的方式,不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，,名词前不加冠词,。如,by sea,by water,by land,by rail,by air等。,涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，,前面不加冠词或任何修饰语,。如,by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceship等。,当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，,名词前加冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语,。如travel to New York,in this plane,，leave,on an early train,，go to school,on my bike,等。,注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如,on foot,，,on horseback,，,on a horse,，,on the camel,。,（2）with,by,in三词均意为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。,with用于,有形的工具,或,身体某些器官之前,，其后的,名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰,。,They are digging,with a pick/spade,.,We see,with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.,【考点二】考查工具、手段、方式介词,7,by,in,on,over,through,等介词多用于,无形的工具或方式手段,之前。如by hand,in ink,on the telephone,over the radio,through the telescope等。,注意：使用语言、原料、材料时，用in表示，如,in English/Japanese；in blue ink,等。,表达“用方法/式”时，所用介词有：in this/that/the same way，by means of，by this/that means，with this/that method等。,【考点三】考查,of+抽象名词,的用法,“of+抽象名词”的用法,与形容词相同,，在句中可作,表语、定语、补语,。,of+great/much+抽象名词=very+名词的形容词形式,of+no+抽象名词=not+名词的形容词形式,It is,of great value,.=It is,very valuable,.,It is of no use.=It is useless.,The camel is of great help to the Arab.,The camel is very helpful to the Arab.,by,in,on,over,through等介词多,8,【考点四】考查表示程度的介词by,to,beyond,by 表示“增加了”；to表示“增加到”；beyond表示“范围,限度超出”。,This new model of car is so expensive that it is,beyond the reach,of those with average incomes.,【即学即练】,单项填空,Sorry,Madam.Youd better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours.,A.during B.at C.beyond D.before,解析：选C。考查介词的用法。句意为：对不起，女士，你最好明天来，因为已经过了开放时间了。beyond（时间）晚于，迟于。,【考点五】考查介词but的固定搭配,have no choice but to do只得做某事；cant help but do不得不做；cant but do不得不只能；cant choose but do只得做某事；but for要不是。,I have no choice but to accept his conditions.,There was no taxi that day,I couldnt choose but stay there for,【考点四】考查表示程度的介词by,to,be,9,another night.,【考点六】考查,to ones+情感类名词,to 与情感类名词连用，表示“某人因某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感”。常见的结构有：toonesdelight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regretto the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb.。这种结构表示结果，用作状语，通常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。若要加强该结构的语气，有两种方式：在,名词前加great,deep,等形容词修饰；,在整个短语前加副词,greatly,much,等修饰。,To his disappointment,he failed again.,Much,to his disappointment,【考点七】考查名词与to构成的固定搭配,key,approach,solution,answer,entrance,visit,attitude等与to构成固定搭配：,the key/approach/solution/answer/entrance/visit/attitude to.,。,It is said that they have adopted,a new approach to teaching English,.,another night.,10,【考点八】考查介词by的用法,(1)by+地点名词。表示方位，意为“,在旁边,”。,注意：表示“从旁边经过”时,多与动词go/walk/pass等词连用。,(2)by+时间名词，意为“,到时,（已发生某事）；最晚,不迟于,在之前”,此时谓语多用,完成时,。,By the time you arrive,I will have finished my homework.,(3)by+名词。可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。,by+,the,+,可数名词,(时间、长度、重量等),意为“,按计算,;按买(卖)”。,by+表示时间、长度、重量等,总称的不可数,名词（,名词前不加冠词,）,意为“按计算，按买(卖)”。,Milk is sold,by,the,pint,but