英语如何写作

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,对书面表达的要求,要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇,100,个单词左右的短文 情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。,NMET,书面表达评分原则,1,、先根据文章的内容和语言初步,确定档次,。,第五档,.1513,分,第四档,.1210,分,第三档,.97,分,第二档,.46,分,第一档,.13,分,0,分,语言地道，流畅,规范,覆盖所有内容要点,2,、主要内容：,内容要点；,词汇和语法的数量和准确性；,上下文的连贯；,语言的得体性,应用了较多的语法结构和词汇,有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,3,、,拼写和标点,是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。,4,、词数,少于,80,和,多于,120,的，从总分中减去,1,分。,5,、如,书写较差,，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。,词汇,句型（高级）和语法多样化（较复杂）,1.,覆盖了所有的,要点,2.,应用了较多的语法结构和词汇,3.,有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑,要点全,连接词,如何算是一篇好文章？,书面表达中学生常见错误类型,一 散乱型,不着边际胡乱写；,二 逻辑混乱型,多出现在语句或情节描绘中；,三 语法不通型,一般出现在语句中；,四 误用词语型,语句中用词错误,五 粗心大意型,不认真阅读提示，或错写内容或丢三落四,六 喧宾夺主型,不分主次丢掉主要内容而将非主要内容大写或特写,写作要领,1,细读提示,明白写什么，日记、信函、报导或叙事描写,2,写全要点,了解核心内容，非重要情节，图画作文应认真分析判断才能分清主次。表格类原则上一个不能少,3,卷面干净,4,书写认真,不求文字隽秀力保规范工整，这是留下好印象的起码条件,5,层次分明,为使短文令人感到赏心悦目分成,2,甚至,3,段为好,6,承上启下,简而言之是连接词、过渡句他们是组成文章粘和剂，上下沟通的纽带,7,繁简有度,文章总有详写与略写，尤其是 图画类短文，学会筛选是非常必要的，如其不然，事无巨细全部点到，不仅使文章成了流水帐，而且空耗了时间还因超长而被扣分岂不得不偿失？！,8,亮点突出,较高级词汇和较复杂的语法结构的合理适时使用，这最能影响或打动改卷教师，是求得高档次及该档次高端分 值的保证,给阅卷人以好的第一直观印象,整体三部分,Heading,点题；一两个句子；概括性；暗示性,2.Body,中心记述部分；层次分明,3.Ending,小结；呼应主题,技 巧,1.,使用较高级的词汇,3.,使用恰当的连接词,词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。,运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。,使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。,增强书面表达效果的技巧,2.,使用较丰富的句式,1.,Because the weather was good,our journey was comfortable.,2.We all,think he is a great man,.,3.,Suddenly I thought out a good idea,.,4.,The students there neednt pay for their books,.,5.,As a result the plan was a failure,.,The plan turned out to be a failure.,Thanks to the good weather,our journey was comfortable.,一、怎样使用较高级的词汇,We all,think highly of him,.,A good idea occurred to me.,/A good idea suddenly struck me.,Books are free for the students there.,6.,When she heard he had died,she went pale with sorrow.,7.She went to Austria,in order to study music,.,8.,When he spoke,he felt more and more excited.,9.,In our school,there are twenty-six classrooms,.,10.,You can find my house easily,.,She went to Austria,for the purpose of studying music.,At the news of his death,she went pale with sorrow.,The more he spoke,the more excited he felt.,Our school is made up of twentysix classrooms.,Youll have no trouble finding my house.,丰富的句式：,(,常用到的句型结构）,利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，,能增加文章的文采。,1.,感叹句,e.g.,How,happy I was,when I,received your letter!,What,a kind boy,he is!,How,disappointed,he was!,.,2.,强调句,e.g.,It was,this young boy,that,helped the old granny.,I,do,hope you can come if possible,3,、倒装句,e.g.,Only,in this way can you,solve this problem.,There,comes the police car,.,Hardly,had,they got to the station,when,they met the young man.,4,、省略句,e.g.They read,while,walking or,riding on a bus,Come to me,if,necessary.,5,、,with,短语,e.g.I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street,with,a handbag in her hand.,6,、定语从句,e.g.In my opinion,cyber cafes,should be a place,where,we can,find much useful information.,Lets come to the main teaching,building,at the back of,which,stands,the school library.,7,、各种名词性从句,e.g.Thats,what,I should do.,We should do a,favour,to,whoever,needs help at present.,8,、各种状语从句,e.g.,Time passed quickly,before,we knew it.,The moment,we reached the farm,we,got down to harvesting.,So long as,we work harder at our lessons,well catch up sooner or later.,Do call me before hand,so that,I can meet,you at the airport.,They had to wait,because,the rain was,getting more and more heavily.,高考大纲中常用的,连接词,1.,表示递进,;,在同一话题上补充内容,另外，还有,：,what is more;besides;,also;moreover;in addition,2.,表示转折关系,但是，然而，相反,：,but;however;yet;,instead;on the other hand;,on the contrary.,3.,表示因果关系,因为，因此，所以,:,since;as;because,(of);so;thus;therefore;as a result;,4.,表示条件关系,如果，只要,:,if;on condition(that);,as long as,除非,:,unless,否则,:,or else,5.,表示时间关系,当,的时候,:,when;while,在,之后,:,after,在,之前,:,before,直到,:,until,一,就,:,as soon as,后来，然后,:,later;,afterwards,不久,:,soon,近来,:,lately;,recently,自从,:,since,从那时起,:,from then on,表示特定的顺序关系,首先，最主要的,:,above all,at first,first,for the first time,其次,:,secondly,second,然后,:,then;next,after that,the next,moment,最后,:,finally;in the end,at last,其他的：,later(,后来,),，,meanwhile(,同时,),，,since then(,自从那以后,),，,for one thing(,一方面,),for another thing(,另一方面,),7.,换一种方法表述：,换句话说：,in other worlds.,that is to say.,8.,进行举例说明,例如，比如,:,for instance;for example;,like;such as,9.,用于陈述事实,实际上,:,in fact;actually;,as a matter of fact,跟你说实话,:,to tell you the truth,10.,对一个话题进行总结,总而言之，总的来说,:,on the whole;in short;all in all;,in general;in a word,其它常用到的副词,Therefore;otherwise;finally;,furthermore;Thus;namely;,although;afterwards;personally;,On one side of,the road there is a new classroom building.,On the other side,where the playground used to be now stands another new buildingour library.(NMET1999,范文,),As far as I know,everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.(NMET2001,范文,),Whats more,I can go to bed earlier.(NMET2001,范文,),三、怎样使用恰当的连接词,Practice,1,请在下列句子中（间）填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。,Xiao Ming was walking in the street,_,he heard someone cry for help.,2.He advised that I hire a car _,I could travel around in the west.,3.It was not long _ the police cam