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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Part I Manuscript Form,1.How to write a correct title?,Write the title in the middle of first line,.,No period(full stop)is used at the end of a title.,Capitalize,the first letter,in the,first and last words,of the title and,all other key words,including words following hyphens in compound words,except,articles(a,an,the),coordinating conjunctions(and,but),short prepositions(in,on,for,at,of,to,etc),and the,to,in infinitives.,Pride And Prejudice,a Tale of Two Cities,The Duchess,My Dad,the Drummer,Sunday in the Park,Rules to Abide By,Use a question mark if the title is a,direct question,but do not use it for an,indirect question,.(Do You Like It?/I Dont Know Do You Like It),Use quotation marks with quotes or titles of articles,essays,short stories,short poems,songs,etc.,and for chapters or subdivisions of books.,Use,italics,or,underlining,with,names of books,periodicals,newspapers,plays,long poems,movies,operas,etc.,Italics,V.S.,Underlining,Eg.,Dickens and,David Copperfield,or,David Copperfield,What Can the Artist Do in the World of Today,?,What Reform Means to China,The Myth of a,“,Negro Literature,”,The English-,S,peaking People in Quebec,Jewetts Short Story,“A White Heron”,5.THEMAINDIFFERENCEBETWEENMY COLLEGELIFEANDMIDDLESCHOOL LIFE (1996),6.MOREPRESSUREFROMACADEMIC,STUDIESDOES(DOESNO)GOODTOUS(1997),7.ONEWAYTOSOLVEAIR POLLUTION(1998),8.A MAJOR ADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGE OF ADVERTISING ON TELEVISION(1999),Lesson Three,Capitalization,&,Punctuation Marks,Part I,Capitalization,1.Capitals are used mainly for,three,palces:,The first word of a complete sentence,Eg.,A,s far as Im concerned,college students shouldnt hire cleaners.,Words in titles,T,he,I,mportance,O,f,K,eeping,A,G,ood,M,ood(,?,),Proper names,Z,hangzhou,N,ormal,U,niversity,F,ujian,P,rovincial,G,overnmewnt,Part II,Punctuation Marks,Contents:,句号（Full Stop/Period）,问号（Question Mark）,感叹号（Exclamation Mark）,逗号（Comma）,冒号（Colon）,分号（Semicolon）,连字符（Hyphen）,破折号（Dash）,引号（Quotation Marks）,省略号（Ellipsis）,II.The Importance of using punctuation correctly,In China,there are lots of good examples of using punctuation with skills.Actually,a complete sentence may have different meaning by putting punctuation marks differently.,Eg.,下雨天留客天留我不留,无鸡鸭亦可无鱼肉亦可青菜萝卜万不可少不得工钱,有粮不卖给八路吃,满意不满意,我赞成他也赞成你怎么样,In English,similarly,there are also many good examples of skillful use of punctuation.The most famous one is as follows:,(just outside of a barbers/a hair dressers),WHAT DO YOU THINK,I SHAVE YOU FOR NOTHING,AND GIVE YOU A DRINK,Tom says the teacher is a silly,donkey,.,Tom,says the teacher,is a silly donkey.,woman without her man is nothing.,Woman,without her man,is nothing.,Woman!Without her,man is nothing.,III The differences between Chinese punctuations and the English ones,period,ellipsis,Quota-,tion marks,under-lining,italics,comma,English,.,“”,ABC,ABC,Chinese,。,“”,:、,IV Specific uses of punctuations,The Comma(,),(P 428),A comma is used in a,compound sentence,before the conjunction or connective,(,and,but,or,for,nor,so,yet,),A comma is used,after an adverbial clause or phrase,(including a prepositional phrase and a participial phrase)before the subject of the sentence or in the middle of the sentence.,（,When you believe in yourself,you can achieve a better result.,）,(3)Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrase having the same function in the sentence.,We like fruits,such as pineapple,pomelo,etc.,(4)Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off by commas.,I mess up the exam,which makes me very disappointed.,The girl in blue,who is the monitor,is popular in the party.,(5)Commas set off parenthetical elements.,2.,The Period,(.),(,P 432),A period is used at the end of a declarative sentence,a mildly imperative sentence,and an indirect question.,A period is used with most abbreviations.,Eg,.,etc.,a.m./p.m.,U.S.A,Co.,J.K.Rowling,问号（Question Mark）,用于疑问句或语气较委婉的祈使句之后。,用来表示存疑或无把握。,用于陈述句之后表示疑问。,表示强调,。,Eg.I have told you not to touch that new machine.,Havent I told you not to touch that new machine?,感叹号（Exclamation Mark）,表示感慨、惊讶、命令、哀怨、赞赏、决心等。,用于感叹词之后。,How time flies！,Be quiet!,Oh!Fire!,Please leave alone!,What a girl!,What？A girl！,冒号（Colon）,冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释,用于一个正式的引用之前。也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓后面.,冒号用于数字时间的表示.,冒号用于主标题和副标题之间.,This is her plan:go shopping.,The professor said:“It was horrible.”,4:45 p.m./4.45,Web Directory:World and Non-U.S.Economic Data,分号（Semicolon）,用于并列分句之间。,分隔已经有逗号分割的成分，以免导致歧义。,用于由for example,for instance,namely,that is(to say),in fact,i.e.,等词语引导的句子之前。,Your bike is new;mine is old.,His sister is a busy girl;in fact,she works harder than he does.,连字符（Hyphen）,用于某些前缀后和构成复合词。,Job-hunting,X-ray,Hip-hop,合成形容词,a five-year-old boy,a man-eating animal,a we-hate-homework club,用于移行,一般按音节间断开单词加连字号（例如：ha-ppy,不可断为hap-py）,或根据发音,不要把单个字母留在行尾或行首。注意一页中最后一个单词不能使用连字号将其置于两页。,破折号（Dash）,用于话语突然中断、意思转折或犹豫不决。,用作解释。,用于被强调部分。,引出概括性词语或表示引文出处。,用于两地名或两时间之间，相当于连字号。,“Id like to,”he said,“but Im”,Money,fame,power these are his goals in life.,What he needed most he neve
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