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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Grammar,V-ing的用法,一,:V-ing,形式由“,do,ing”,构成,其否定形式是“,not doing”,V-ing,可以带宾语或状语构成,V-ing,短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。,Grammar,V-ing,形式,语态,时态,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,完成式,(not)doing,(not)being done,(not),having done,(not),having been done,V-ing,形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。,1.作定语,V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语,这时有两种情况。,-ing形式表示“供作.之用”的意思,这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。,A swimming pool,=a pool for swimming,A sleeping car,=a car for sleeping,2),-ing形式表示“.的”意思,过去叫现在分词,作定语表示主动进行的动作.,A sleeping child,=a child who is sleeping,working people,=people who are working,the rising sun,=the sun that is rising,注意:,-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句。如:,They are visitors coming from several countries.,The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.,2,.V-ing 形式作状语,1.现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑,上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。,但要注意它的各种形式变化:,e.g.Hearing the bell,the students began to enter the classroom.,听见铃声,学生们开始走进教室。(听见和进入两个动作同时发生),The building being built now is our new library.现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。,(being built为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中),完成了工作,他就回家了。,_.,Having finished the work,he went home.,2.,现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或,整个句子,表示动作发生的,原因、时间、,方式、结果、条件、伴随状况,等。现在,分词,一般不用作表目,的,的,状语,(通常用,不定式表目的地状语)。,Walking in the street,I came across an old,friend of mine.,(=When I was walking in the street,I came,across an old friend of mine.),Waiting for the bus,he read a copy of,China Daily.,(=While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of,China Daily.),1),表时间状语,2)表原因状语,Being ill,he didnt go to school.,(=as he was ill,he didnt go to school.),Being a student,you should study hard.,(=Since you are a student,you should study hard.),既然你是一个学生,你就应该努力学习,。,由于想到它或许在家,所以我就给他打了电话。,Thinking he might be at home,I called him.,(As I thought he might be at home,I called him.),3)表方式、伴随情况的状语,:作伴随状语的,分词表示的动作,必须是,主语的一个动作,或是,与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是,对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步,地补充说明,。,e.g.He sat on the sofa,watching TV.,(=He sat on the sofa,and watched TV.),他们笑着谈着走进了教室。,_,they went into,the classroom.,他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。,He stood leaning against the wall.,(He stood and leaned against the wall.),Laughing and talking,4)表结果,e.g.Her mother died in 1990,leaving her,with her younger brother.,(=Her mother died in 1990,and left her,with her younger brother.),全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首,最受欢迎的歌曲。,The song is sung all over the country,_.,making it the most popular song,5)表条件,Using your head,you will find a way.,(=If you use your head,you will find a way.),一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色地房子。,_,you will see a white house.,Walking ahead,6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格:,I waiting,for the bus,a bird fell on my heard,我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。,All the tickets having been sold out,they,went away disappointedly.,所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。,Time permitting,well do another two,exercises.,如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。,有时也可用with(without)+名词(代词宾格),+分词形式。,With the lights burning,he fell asleep.,他点着灯睡着了。,7)作独立成分:,J,udging from,(by)his appearance,he must,be an actor.从外表看,他一定是个演员。,Generally speaking,girls are more careful.,1.When he approached Ms Smith,he touched her shoulder and kissed her.,_ _ Ms Smith,he touched her shoulder and kissed her.,Rewrite the following sentences.,When,approaching,2.The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.,The person _ _ _can speak seven languages.,translating,the,songs,3.The boy standing there is reading a book about body language.,The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.,who,is,standing,4.Because he comes from Jordan,he moves close to ask you a question.,_ _ Jordan,he moves close to ask you a question.,Coming,from,5.She sat at the desk and did her homework.,She sat at the desk _ _ _.,doing,her,homework,1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.,2.The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.,3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.,4.Generally speak,facial expressions are helpful communications,too.,Not having,working,Seeing,speaking,单句改错,5.“Cant you read?”the man said,angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.,6.Knocking at the door before entering,please.,7.European football is played in 80 countries,made it the most popular sport in the world.,pointing,Knock,making,1.The stranger said something in a _ voice and the little girl was very much _,A.frightening,frightened,B.frightened,frightening,C.frightening,frightening,D.frightened,frightened,Choose the best answer.,2._the piano,someone suddenly knocked at the door.,A.Playing,B.When I was playing,C.Repairing,D.Examining,3.Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.,A.smoke B.to smoke,C.being smoked D.smoking,4._ the programme,they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.,A.Not completing,B.Not completed,C.Not having completed,D.Having not completed,5.“We cant go out in this weather”,said Bob,_ out of the window.,A.looking B.to look,C.looked D.having looked,6.Though _ money,his parents managed to send him to university.,A.lacked B.lacking of,C.lacking D.lacked in,7.The bell _ the end of the period rang,_ o
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