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第四部分 中考题型突破,三阅读理解,一、,题型分析,广东省中考英语阅读理解包括两部分,:,阅读理解,(A,、,B,篇,),和配对阅读,(C,篇,),每题,2,分,,,共,30,分,。,通过下列表格的统计,,,可以发现近,5,年广东省中考阅读理解题所涉及的内容丰富、,题材广泛,,,选,材多贴近学生的日常生活和学习,,,富有时代感、,交际性和教育意义,。,A,篇文章多选自海报、,报纸、,杂志等,,,以应用文为主,,,词数在,190250,间,,,旨在培养考生热爱生活、,关爱生命的意识以及帮助考生形成良好的品格素养,。,主要考查考生寻读和跳读的阅读技能,,,以及对文章细节信息的检索能力,,,偶尔会考查考生对文章出处、,写作对象和目的的推断能力,。,B,篇文章多为与历史、,科技、,科普、,自然等相关的文章,,,以说明文为主,,,词数在,260300,间,。,旨在开拓考生视野,,,增长考生跨学科知识,。,主要考查考生对文章的整体把握能力、,提取关键信息的能力、,通过上下文线索猜测生词词义的能力、,推理判断能力以及归纳主旨大意的能力,。,值得注意的是,,,今年的体裁也与往年不同,,,选用了一篇叙事类文章,,,说明往后中考阅读篇章的选材将会更丰富,,,不局限于单一体裁,。,另外,,,从,2021,年起,,,词义猜测题由以往的汉语选项,(,中译英,),改为了英文选项,(,英译英,),旨在实现,“,以考促,教”,“,以考促学,”,,,引导教师在教学中着重培养学生的英语思维,,,引导学生在学习过程中养成用英语思维解决问题的习惯,,,体现了科学的语言评测观,。,今年的考卷还首次出现了以图片形式作为选项的细节理解题和针对段落的主旨大意题,。,C,篇各语言片段的主题主要围绕传统文化、,校园生活等展开,。,20182022,年广东省中考阅读理解考情分析,题型,考点,2022,年,2021,年,2020,年,2019,年,2018,年,阅读,理解,A,体裁,应用文,应用文,应用文,应用文,应用文,话题,科技创新,休闲娱乐,人际交往,校园欺凌,日常活动,主旨大意,0,0,0,0,0,细节理解,5,4,4,4,5,推理判断,0,1,1,1,0,词义猜测,0,0,0,0,0,题型,考点,2022,年,2021,年,2020,年,2019,年,2018,年,阅读,理解,B,体裁,记叙文,说明文,说明文,说明文,说明文,话题,探险与环保,珍惜粮食,生态平衡,科技产品,物理现象,主旨大意,2,1,1,1,1,细节理解,2,2,3,2,3,推理判断,0,1,0,0,0,词义猜测,1,1,1,2,1,C,话题,人际交往,英语习语,文化活动,学校生活,文化活动,二、,解题策略,1,.,获取段落的主旨和大意,一篇阅读材料通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的,,,而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括,。,因此,,,理解文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句,。,主题句一般具有三个特点,:,表述的意思比较概括,,,相对其他句子来看,,,这种概括性更为明显;,句子结构较简单,,,多数都不采用长、,难句的形式;,段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、,支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想,。,2,.,根据上下文猜测词义,任何一个实词,,,只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义,。,上下文的作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、,短语或句子的意,义,,,也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义,。,3,.,确定细节和事实,在阅读理解题目中,,,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目,。,这类题目相对容易一些,。,凡属针对特定细节的考题,,,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证,。,这一部分可能是一个词或短语,,,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,,,但句式、,用词和表达方式可能有所不同,,,但指向的意思是一致的,。,4,.,进行合理推断,根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,,,推断出未知的信息,。,即把有关的文字作为已知部分,,,从中推断出未知部分,。,需要推断的有关文字可能是词或句子,,,也可能是若干句子,,,甚至是全文,。,三、,技巧点拨,1,.,细节理解题,根据题目关键词,(,动词、,名词等,),找到对应原文,。,在原文附近搜索与选项最相似的句子,。,对比选项和原文的表达差异,。,(,可能选项中部分是正确的,,,但是部分是不正确的;,选项是文章中的内容,,,但不符合题干要求;,偷换概念,,,故意扩大或缩小范围等,。,),注意比较极端或全面概括类的词,,,如,all,only,every,the greatest,等,。,(2021,广东,),Pretty cool,right?It,s not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura,hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities,.,()58,.,People in other cities would like Laura to,_,.,A,.,find a truck driver,B,.,visit their communities,C,.,give away food to them,D,.,help develop projects like hers,解题思路,:,根据题干关键词,“,People in other cities,”,,,答案定位至节选段,。,从,“,hoping that she could help develop similar projects for their communities,”,可知,,,其他城市的人也希望罗拉帮他们的社区开发类似的项目,,,故选,D,。,D,2,.,推理判断题,作者态度,:,作者的情感态度往往隐藏在篇章的字里行间或流露于修饰词中,。,文章出处,:,通常在,A,篇最后一道题出现,,,考生应多了解应用文文体的特征,,,结合,A,篇呈现的特征进行判断,。,常见的出处,:,advertisement/ad,(,广告,),poster(,海报,),newspaper(,报纸,),instructions(,说明书,),magazine(,杂志,),notice(,通知,),等,。,读者对象,:,一般而言,,,读者对象常隐含在文章细节处,,,常需要结合文章写作目的一起思考,,,需要通过文章传达的内涵进行推理判断,。,(2021,广东,),Welcome to Manor Farm U-pick Activities,We are known for our delicious strawberries,.,We invite you to visit the farm and enjoy our fresh products and great farming experiences,.,We,ll try our best to create a safe open-air environment for our customers under the circumstances(,情况,)of COVID-19 this year,.,Please read the instructions below,.,()55,.,The instructions are most probably from,_,.,A,.,a farm ownerB,.,a teacher,C,.,a news reporter D,.,a customer,解题思路:从标题“Welcome to Manor Farm U-pick Activities”及“We invite you to,visit the farm”可推断,这些指引很可能出自农场主人,故选A。,A,3,.,词义猜测题,根据上下文之间的语境及逻辑关系进行猜测,。,将选项内容代入原文进行翻译,,,通过语境来排除选项,。,根据上下文,,,利用同义词、,反义词、,定义等进行猜测,。,尤其注意前后文表示因果、,转折、,递进、,并列等关系的连词,,,because,so,but,although,instead of,以及,and,等,。,(2021,广东,),Some people,however,have,concerns,about the safety of the uneaten food,.,They think such food may not be clean enough,.,Still,this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need,.,()59,.,The underlined word,“,concerns,”,in this passage means,_,.,A,.,waysB,.,secrets,C,.,worries D,.,decisions,C,解题思路,:,根据下文,“,They think such food may not be clean enough,.”,可知,,,一些人担心食物的安全,,,推测出此处,concern,的含义,。,故选,C,。,4,.,主旨大意题,寻找主题句,:,主题句是能表达或概括段落主题或文章主要内容的句子,,,较多出现在说明文和议论文中,,,而其他句子则围绕着主题句进行说明或扩展,。,捕捉关键词,:,略读文章时速度要快,,,把注意力集中在关键词,(,即实词,),上,,,非关键词,(,即虚词,),则一带而过,,,注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴含中心思想的关键词,。,经过分析归纳,,,选出最能表达主旨或意图的关键词,,,继而确定文章的主旨大意,。,仔细推敲选项,:,切忌被以偏概全、,无中生有、,张冠李戴的干扰项迷惑,。,正确的选项一般含有抽象名词和概括性词语,,,能较全面、,有针对性地表达段落或文章中心思想,。,(2021,广东,),According to a research,more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura,s country each year,.,That is about 30%of the yearly food supply(,供应,),.,It is a sad fact,especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger,.,When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day,she came up with an idea,.,She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters(,庇护所,)in her community,.,Some people,however,have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food,.,They think such food may not be clean enough,.,Still,this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need,.,()60,.,Which can be the best
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