新高考山东省2021届高三英语第二次模拟考试试题一（含解析）

（新高考）山东省 2021 届高三英语第二次模拟考试试题（一） （含 解析） 注意事项： 1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘 贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写 在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸 和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4.考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第卷（选择题） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What color are the gloves? A. Blue. B. Green. C. Yellow. 2. What is the man looking for? A A hotel. B. A hospital. C. A bookstore. 3. When will the next underground arrive? A. At 1:55. B. At 2:00. C. At 2:05. 4. What are the speakers doing? A. Cleaning a lecture hall. B. Scheduling a lecture. C. Making a list of speakers. 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. WeChat B. Online shopping. C. The mans grandma. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项 中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小 题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. When will the meeting take place? A. In January. B. In February. C. In June. 7. Which room does the man prefer? A. Room 13. B. Room 19. C. Room 26. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. Who is the man waiting for? A. A repairman. B. A doctor. C. A salesman. 9. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a hospital. B. In a repair shop. C. In a supermarket. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. What is the man good at? A. Taking photos. B. Painting pictures. C. Doing presentations. 11. How does the man feel about the womans suggestion at first? A. Surprised. B. Worried. C. Uninterested. 12. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Guest and hostess. C. Classmates. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. Where is Susan from? A. Italy. B. England. C. America. 14. How long did Susan work for Ferragamo? A. About six months. B. Less than five years. C. Around six years. 15. What does Susan mainly design for the companies? A. Shoes. B. Handbags. C. Jackets. 16. How has Susans industry changed since 1982? A. Italian design has become less popular. B. The product quality has become worse. C. It has become much more competitive. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. What is the weather like for the journey? A. Sunny. B. Cold. C. Windy. 18. Where is the bank? A. On Floor A. B. On Floor B. C. On Floor C. 19. What is next to the bar on Floor A? A. A toilet. B. A games room. C. The ships office. 20. Who can use the relaxing room on Floor B? A. Passengers travelling with cars. B. Passengers travelling with children. C. Passengers travelling without cars. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.2 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。 A Muir Woods and Sausalito Half Day Tour Wander through an ancient coastal redwood forest and explore the artistic bayside on this half-day tour from San Francisco. Travel across the Golden Gate Bridge to visit Muir Woods, home to some of the oldest and tallest trees on Earth. At the end of your tour choose between getting dropped off at Union Square in San Francisco or taking the ferry back to San Francisco. Yosemite National Park and Giant Sequoias Day Trip Discover the beauty of the Sierra Nevada on this full-day trip to Yosemite National Park from San Francisco. Travel aboard a comfortable van through historic Gold Rush towns to reach the park, where youll be amazed by supersized natural wonders. Take a hike among ancient trees, and enjoy several hours to explore the parks wonders on your own. Niagara Falls Tour Escape from New York City and head north to see both sides of the Canadian border on this guided, 2-day tour to Niagara Falls. Visit Niagara Falls on both the American and Canadian sides and take a ride on the famous Maid of the Mist boat. Then, on the road back to New York City, make a stop to shop at the Crossings Premium Outlets, one of the largest outlet malls in the US. Napa and Sonoma Wine Country Tour Escape to Californias famous wine country on this full-day tour from San Francisco. Taste regional varietals at three different wineries including both big-name and family-run estates (庄园). Learn about the winemaking process during guided tours, and appreciate the regional culture with a stop for lunch. 1. Which tour should you choose if you want to do some shopping ? A. Muir Woods and Sausalito Half Day Tour. B. Yosemite National Park and Giant Sequoias Day Trip. C. Niagara Falls Tour. D. Napa and Sonoma Wine Country Tour. 2. What can you do on Napa and Sonoma Wine Country Tour ? A. Appreciate some of the oldest and tallest trees on Earth. B. Enjoy supersized natural wonders. C. Get some winemaking knowledge. D. Take a ride on the boat. 3. What does the writer intend to do by writing the passage? A. To introduce some outdoor activities. B. To share some tour experiences. C. To advertise for the wine country. D. To call for protecting natural wonders. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。文章主要向读者介绍了四个不同户外活动。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章 Niagara Falls Tour 中的 Visit Niagara Falls on both the American and Canadian sides and take a ride on the famous Maid of the Mist boat. Then, on the road back to New York City, make a stop to shop at the Crossings Premium Outlets, one of the largest outlet malls in the US.可知，在回纽约市的路 上，可以在 crossing Premium Outlets 停下来购物，这是美国最大的购物中心之一。故选 C。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章 Napa and Sonoma Wine Country Tour 中的 Learn about the winemaking process during guided tours, and appreciate the regional culture with a stop for lunch.可知，在纳帕和索诺玛葡萄酒乡村之旅中，可以在导游的带领下 了解葡萄酒酿造过程。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文是一篇广告布告类短文阅读。文章主要向读者介绍 了四个不同户外活动。故选 A。 【点睛】文章内容较为简单，文章考查到细节理解题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题 中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再 把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题 2 中选 择项中 Get some winemaking knowledge 与文中的 Learn about the winemaking process 表达的同一个意思，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别。 B A calorie deficit is a state in which you burn more calories than you consume. As one of the most popular approaches of losing weight, how does it work? For example, if you burn 2,500 calories per day but only eat 2,000，you have created a deficit of 500 calories per day. There is mathematical certainty. But, this by no means tells the whole story about how calories deficit affects our lives. Before wondering what a calorie deficit is, its probably best to learn what a calorie is. A calorie is a unit that we use to track our bodys energy expenditure (消耗) and storage. In order to just stay alive, human beings (and animals) burn calories. This means, even before we perform any activity, our bodies are already using energy (measured in calories) to keep us alive. Around 70% of the calories we consume are spent on just keeping our vital organs running. Thus, if a person consumes calories far more less than needed to look thin，it may have negative effects on the body. When people pick up a calorie deficit, they often merely note that the calorie math is irrefutable (无可辩驳的). The question here is that not all calories are the same. If you eat a few bags of potato chip worth of calories to support the calorie intake needed to maintain or cut down on your weight, it will work. But, this doesnt have the same effect on your body and overall health as a balanced nutritional meal containing the same amount of calories. It seems like a simple unit of energy has become an object of our societys obsession. It neednt be that way. Remember, calorie deficits are just a tool, which serves a purpose in losing some weight and keeping track of your calorie intake seems simple enough. 4. What do we know about the calorie deficit? A. It helps people lose weight. B. It is a way of doing exercises. C. It affects peoples lives positively. D. It means the calories people consume. 5. Which of the following statements can be learned in Paragraph 2? A. A calorie is a unit to store daily energy. B. People need to burn calories to be alive. C. Calorie intake is to keep our organs operating. D. Living animals only burn calories after activities. 6. What is suggested for people to lose weight healthily? A. Focusing on the calorie math when eating. B. Focusing on different calories when eating. C. Having bags of potato chips containing enough calories. D. Having balanced nutritional diets containing proper calories. 7. What is the text mainly about? A. Influences of calorie deficits. B. Approaches to lose weight. C. Distinctions between calories. D. Ways to track calorie intake. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了卡路里的定义以及告诉我们不能仅仅看卡路里的 数值，不能对于这样的能量单位太过痴迷。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A calorie deficit is a state in which you burn more calories than you consume. As one of the most popular approaches of losing weight”（卡路里不足是指你燃烧的卡路里多于你摄入的卡路里。作为最流行的减肥方法之 一）可知，卡路里不足可以减肥。故选 A 项。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In order to just stay alive, human beings (and animals) burn calories.”（为了生存，人类(和动物)需要燃烧卡路里。 ）可知，人需要燃烧卡路里 才能活着。故选 B 项。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If you eat a few bags of potato chip worth of calories to support the calorie intake needed to maintain or cut down on your weight, it will work. But, this doesnt have the same effect on your body and overall health as a balanced nutritional meal containing the same amount of calories.”（如果你吃了几袋薯片所含的热量来支持你维持体重或减少体重所需要的热量 摄入，它会起作用的。但是，它对你的身体和整体健康的影响并不像含有相同热量的均衡 营养餐那样大。 ）可知，作者建议食用含有适当的热量，营养均衡的饮食来减肥。故选 D 项。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But, this by no means tells the whole story about how calories deficit affects our lives.”（但是，这并不能说明卡路里不足是如何影响我 们的生活的。 ）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了卡路里不足带来的影响。故选 A 项。 C A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice. More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food. Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight (困境)of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik. The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Today were talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year, Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients(客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U. S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development. 8. What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik? A. Food shortage. B. Climate change. C. Habitats, movement to shore. D. Their preference for land. 9. How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land? A. Excited. B. Puzzled. C. Concerned. D. Shocked. 10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn. B. Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually. C. Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide. D. Tourism affects the balance of nature. 11. Which saying can describe the text? A. The fittest can survive. B. After a storm comes a calm. C. There is always opportunity in crisis. D. Every coin has two sides. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的一个小 村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游业发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供 积极的保护。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.( 北极熊群落位于一个温度越来越高的地区，这加速了海冰的移动，而海冰是北 极熊的主要栖息地。随着冰逐渐移动到大陆架以外的深水区，更多的熊留在陆地上寻找食 物。)”可知，全球变暖加速了海冰融化，破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，越来越多的北极熊 待在陆地上以寻找食物。故选 B。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. ”(更多的熊似乎待在陆地上，研究人员开始注 意到更多的雌熊在陆地上的雪地里而不是在冰上安家来抚养它们的孩子。)和“As more attention was given to the plight (困境)of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.( 大约十年前，人们对北极熊的困境给予了更多 的关注，更多的游客开始前往 Kaktovik。)”可知，随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上， 研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一困境，随后，更多游客前往 Kaktovik。由此可推知，大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选 C。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall(大多数游客在秋天 参观)”及“Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.( 许多游客会在村里呆上几天，村里有两家小旅馆。)”可知，大多数游客会选择 在秋季去 Kaktovik 游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天，而这个小村庄只有两个 小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik 的旅馆很抢手。故选 A。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。通读文章可知，并根据第一段“A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.( 近年来，由于北极熊待在陆地上的时间比待在北极海冰上的时间更长， 阿拉斯加的一个小村庄迎来了一波旅游业热潮。)和第二段描述可知，因为全球气候变暖， 北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北极熊登陆却促进 了一个小村庄旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇。再结合最后一段的“The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.” (村名们从旅游业中受益匪浅。反过来，他们用旅游业得来的财政支持为北极熊提供更有效 的保护)可推知，D 项 Every coin has two sides. “事物都有两面性”可以描述本文讲述 的情况 。故选 D。 D There was a time when the major concern with AI safety had been the one evil super intelligence, reflected in the movie “The Terminator”. However, the game “Tacoma” takes a different approach. It assumes that there will be numerous AGI (artificial general intelligence) in the world and that any AGI, even a safely designed one, in the wrong hands at the wrong time could cause live to be lost. Thats the future that a growing number of AI safety experts are worried about. This is not a new idea. In the book “Engineering a Safer World,” MIT professor Nancy G. Leveson addresses common misunderstandings about safety- critical systems engineering: engineering systems whose failure could lead to human loss. Such safety-critical technologies include aviation, nuclear power, automobiles, heavy chemicals, biotechnology, and, of course, AGI. So what can be done? Technology isnt always the solution. A famous example is the invention of sonic radars (声波雷达) that were supposed to help ships detect nearby obstacles, but which only increased the rate of accidents. Why? Captains sailed faster, thinking they could get away with it thanks to the new safety technology. Instead of technologies, Levesons book suggests, we should be making organizational changes. Additionally, Leveson suggests, among many complicated guidelines, organizations should be aware that safety guidelines will inevitably become lax over time. As a consequence, measures should be carried out to prevent potential disasters. What lessons can we draw from concern with AI safety? The answer may lie in recent disaster narratives (叙述), which remind us that, especially in limes like this, we shouldnt forget the potential for other disasters. Public conscience really does matter. And if were all better at thinking about safety we citizens, maybe we really can prevent disasters. 12. Why does the author mentioned “The Terminator” in the first paragraph? A. To arouse readers interest in The Terminator. B. To introduce the topic of concern with AI safely. C. To mention the similarity between “The Terminator” and “Tacoma”. D. To make readers recall the evil super intelligence reflected in the movie. 13. Why did the rate of ship accidents still increase after the invention of sonic radars? A. Because captains seldom used them. B. Because the radars failed to work properly. C. Because captains depended on them too much. D. Because the ships couldnt detect nearby obstacles. 14. What does the underlined word “lax” in paragraph 5 refer to? A. Safe. B. Important. C. Unreliable. D. Unnecessary. 15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Disaster prevention Lessons from AI. B. Safety problems in modern society. C. Engineering development in modern days. D. Future applications of artificial intelligence. 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对人工智能安全的担忧，作者提出如果 公民都能更好地考虑安全问题，也许我们真的可以预防灾难的想法。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“There was a time when the major concern with AI safety had been the one evil super intelligence, reflected in the movie “The Terminator”.”（曾经有一段时间，人们对人工智能安全的主要担忧是电影终结者中 那个邪恶的超级智能。 ）可推断，作者提及终结者是为了介绍本文对人工智能安全的担 忧的主题。故选 B 项。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Captains sailed faster, thinking they could get away with it thanks to the new safety technology.”（船长们航行得更快了，他们认为多亏 了新的安全技术，他们可以侥幸逃脱。 ）可见，是因为他们过于依赖新技术使得事故发生更 多。故选 C 项。 【14 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段“As a consequence, measures should be carried out to prevent potential disasters.”（因此，应该采取措施来预防潜在的灾害。 ）可猜测，随 着时间的推移，安全指南也不再安全，所以 lax 意为“不可靠的” 。故选 C 项。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“What lessons can we draw from concern with AI safety?”（我们可以从对人工智能安全的关注中汲取什么教训?）及全文内容可知，本文主 要讲述我们人类在人工智能安全中获得的教训。故选 A 项。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。 Music makes you more creative._16_, they come up with more creative solutions, according to researchers. It may be because music improves your brains flexibility. Another reason may be that it relaxes you enough for the creative juices to flow. But dont play music too loudly. Music can help during surgery. _17_ . After surgery, it helps reduce pain. An analysis of 73 studies confirmed that listening to music before, during or after surgery reduces anxiety and pain levels, which in turn means less pain medication. _18_ Studies have found that when youre running, biking or walking, youll go farther with music on. Music relieves your discomfort and motivates you to stay on. The effect is so obviously great that the author of a review examining the psychological effects of music on exercise called music “a type of legal performance-improvement drug”. Music aids sleep. Listening to music before bed can help you fall asleep faster and wake up less often during the night. _19_. In one study, seniors with sleep problems who listened to 45 minutes of soft slow music before bed reported a 35 percent improvement in their sleep. Music gets you to ignore the passing of time. Scientists have shown repeatedly that people judge a period of waiting shorter when music is playing. Businessmen use that to their advantage, playing music so you stay longer and spend more. For instance, more drinks and food are sold in bars and restaurants when music is played. _20_, grocery sales increase by 38 percent. A. In this case, youll feel more relaxed in the morning B. And if the background music is slow C. Then you play a piece of brief music D. When people listen to happy music than when they sit in silence E. When music is played varying from a tune to another F. Music makes you get rid of the idea of quitting a workout G. Listening to music before surgery has been shown to ease anxiety 【答案】16. D 17. G 18. F 19. A 20. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了音乐的一些好处，包括听音乐会使人更有创造 力、有助于降低手术前、手术中或手术后的焦虑和疼痛水平、让人更能坚持锻炼以及辅助 睡眠等等。 【16 题详解】 根据后文 they come up with more creative solutions, according to researchers. It may be because music improves your brains flexibility. Another reason may be that it relaxes you enough for the creative juices to flow.可知他们会想出更 有创意的解决方案。这可能是因为音乐提高了你大脑的灵活性。另一个原因可能是它能让 你足够放松，让你的创造性思维得以流动。由此可知，本句是在说明当人们听着快乐的音 乐时，他