汽轮机运行培训教材

,苏丹喀北电站汽机资料,汽轮机运行,turbine operation,1.,机组的启动,1.STARTUPOF TURBINE,1.1,汽轮机组在,下,下列情况时,禁,禁止启动,a,）危急保安,器,器动作不正,常,常，高压自,动,动主汽门、,调,调节汽门、,抽,抽汽逆止门,卡,卡涩或不能,关,关严时；,b,）汽轮发电,机,机组转动部,分,分有明显的,摩,摩擦声；机内有明显,的,的金属声。,c,）调速系统,不,不能维持汽,轮,轮机空负荷,运,运行，或机,组,组甩负荷后,不,不能维持转,速,速在危急保,安,安器动作转,速,速以下；,d,）主轴晃动,值,值相对于原,始,始值大于,0.02mm,（转子温度,均,均匀状态允,许,许的原始晃,动,动值不大于,0.05mm,）,e,）辅助油泵,，,，顶轴系统,及,及盘车装置,失,失常时；,1.1 Forbidden startup scope ofturbine,Whenemergencygovernor acts abnormally,HP automatic main stop valve,governingvalve orbleedsteam check valve has blockage orcan not beclosed fully;,Thereis obvious frictionsound inrotary part ofturbo-generatorunit;there isobvious metalcollisionsound.,Speedgoverningsystem can notmaintainno-load operation ofturbine,or after unit rejects load,itcannot maintain rotaryspeedbelow theaction speed of emergency governor:,vibrationvalueof main shaftis 0.02mmbigger than originalvalue(the originalvibrationvalue inevenstateof rotortemperature isno big than 0.05mm);,Whenauxiliaryoil pump,jacking oil system and turninggeardevice are abnormal;,f,）抗燃油或,透,透平油油质,不,不合格，油,温,温低于正常,（,（油系统充,满,满油后）；,g,）保温不完,整,整；,h,）主要仪表,（,（如轴向位,移,移，相对膨,胀,胀，转速表,及,及重要金属,温,温度表，主,蒸,蒸汽压力和,温,温度表等）,失,失灵时；,i,）汽缸调节,级,级区域上下,缸,缸温度超过,50,；,k),汽轮机真空,不,不能保持,0.067MPa,时。,EH oil orturbine oil isnot qualified,and oil temperatureis abnormal(after oil systemis full ofoil);,Insulationis not complete;,Maininstruments(such asaxial displacement,relativeexpansion,tachometer andimportantmetal thermometer,mainsteampressurecondenservacuum meter and thermometer)has failure;,The upperand the lower casings temperature of turbinegoverningstageareaexceeds 50.,Vacuum ofturbine can notkeepat 0.067MPa.,1.2,启动前的准,备,备工作,1.2,Preparation before turbine startup:,a,）检查油系,统,统，油箱、,油,油管道、冷,油,油器不漏油,，,，油箱油位,正,正常，,油箱和冷油,器,器放油门关,严,严，冷油器,进,进、出口油,门,门处于开启,位,位置，,交流、直流,电,电动润滑油,泵,泵入口门开,启,启，出口门,开,开启；,b,）电动主闸,门,门及其旁路,门,门处于关闭,位,位置；,c,）自动主汽,门,门、调速汽,门,门处于关闭,位,位置；,d,）管道和汽,缸,缸本体疏水,阀,阀处于开启,位,位置；,e,）各抽汽管,道,道逆止门处,于,于关闭位置,；,；,Checkwhether oil system,oiltank,oilpipesandoil coolerleak,oillevel isnormal,outletvalveof oil tank and oilcooler closestightly,inletand outletoilvalveof oil cooleris inopenposition,inlet valve and outlet valveof ACandDC electric lube oilpumpareopen.,Electric main stop valveand otherbypass valves are inclosed position;,Automainstopvalveandspeedgoverningvalve arein closedposition;,Drainvalves ofpipeandcasing proper are inopenposition;,Eachbleedsteam pipe check valveis inclosed position;,f,）轴承进油,温,温度不低于,35,；,g,）抗燃油源,各,各阀门状态,正,正确，油温,升,升至,20,以上，抗燃,油,油系统压力,调,调至,14MPa,。,Inletoiltemperature ofbearing isno less than 35,；,Valves offire-proofoilsource arein rightstate,oiltemperature rises above20,and the fire-proof oil systempressure is adjustedto 14MPa.,1.3,锅炉点火前,的,的操作,a,）投入发电,机,机冷却系统,；,；,b,）启动排烟,装,装置；,c,）启动交流,润,润滑油泵，,使,使润滑油系,统,统开始循环,；,；,d,）油循环进,行,行,10min,后，启动高,压,压油泵；,e,）按顶轴装,置,置说明书投,入,入顶轴装置,。,。检查各轴,承,承顶轴油压,正,正常，然后,投,投盘车装置,，,，测量大轴,晃,晃动度，倾,听,听机组内部,声,声音；,f,）油系统的,结,结构和参数,检,检查必须严,格,格，否则要,造,造成严重事,故,故；,1.3,Preparation before boilerignition:,Put generator cooling system into operation;,Startup smoke venting device;,Startup AC lube oilpumpto make lube oil systembeganto circulate;,Afteroilcirculation ismaintainedfor10 minutes,start upHP oil pump;,Startup jacking oilpump.Check whetherjacking oil pressure ofeachbearing isnormal,and then put turninggearintooperation,measure shaking degree of main shaft and listen to inner part ofunit;,Strictly checkstructureand parametersof oil system,or itmaycauseserious accident;,g,）检查保护,系,系统正常；,h,）启动一台,凝,凝结水泵，,开,开启再循环,门,门；,i,）启动水环真空泵抽真空；,j,）冷凝器压,力,力抽至,75KPa(a),时，锅炉点,火,火。,Checkwhether protectingsystem isnormal;,Startup one condensate pump and open recirculationvalve;,Startup waterringtypevacuum pump tovacuate;,Whenthe pressure incondenseris 75KPa(a),igniteboiler.,1.4,锅炉点火后,的,的操作,a,）启动一台,给,给水泵；,b,）,当,当,主,主,蒸,蒸,汽,汽,压,压,力,力,达,达,0.98MPa,，,温,温,度,度,达,达,250,时,向,向,轴,轴,封,封,送,送,汽,汽,。,。,送,送,汽,汽,压,压,力,力,0.11,0.127Mpa.,温,度,度,150,1.4Preparationafterboilerignition:,Startuponefeedwaterpump;,Whenmainsteampressurereaches0.98MPa,andtemperaturereaches250,sendsteamtoglandseal.Steamconveyingpressureis0.11,0.127Mpaandtemperatureis150,.,1.5,冷,态,态,启,启,动,动,冲,冲,转,转,条,条,件,件,a,）,主,主,蒸,蒸,汽,汽,压,压,力,力,0.98MPa,，,主,主,蒸,蒸,汽,汽,温,温,度,度,250,；,b,）,油,油,温,温,40,，,到,到,45,间,，,，,润,润,滑,滑,油,油,压,压,在,在,0.098,0.0196MPa,间,，,，,调,调,节,节,油,油,压,压,在,在,：,：,抗,抗,燃,燃,油,油,为,为,14.8MPa,透,平,平,油,油,为,为,1.96,0.1MPa,间,；,；,c,）,冷,冷,凝,凝,器,器,压,压,力,力,在,在,45-50kPa,间,；,；,d,）,盘,盘,车,车,运,运,行,行,正,正,常,常,，,，,连,连,续,续,盘,盘,车,车,时,时,间,间,不,不,小,小,于,于,2h,；,e,）,大,大,轴,轴,晃,晃,动,动,值,值,不,不,超,超,过,过,原,原,始,始,晃,晃,动,动,值,值,0.02mm,。,1.5Rollingconditions forCold state startupoperation of turbine:,1)Mainsteampressureis0.98MPa,and mainsteamtemperatureis250;,2)Oiltemperatureisbetween 40 and45,lubricationoilpressureisbetween0.0980.0196MPa,governingoilpressure:fire-resistant oilis14.8 MPa,turbineoilisbetween1.960.1MPa;,3)Condenserpressureisbetween 45-50kPa;,4)Turninggearisnormal,andcontinuous turninggeartime shouldnotbe lessthan2 hours;,5)vibrationvalueofmain shaft shouldnotexceed 0.02mmof