英语句子成分讲解简单版

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,一、介绍与其重要性,句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：,主语,、谓语动词、表语、宾语、,定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。,学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。,英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子,的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，,就能写出完整、正确的句子。,句子成分详解表,句子成分,意义,充当词类,例句,主语,表示句子说的是什么人或什么,事,名，代，数，不定,式，动名词，短语或,句子,We study in HuangQiao Middle,School.,谓语,说明主语做什么，是什么或怎,么样,动词或动词词组,She is dancing under the tree.,宾语,表示动作行为的对象,同主语,Both of us like English.,表语,与联系动词连用，一起构成谓,语，说明主语的性质或特征,同主语,Her father is a chemist.,His words sound reasonable.,定语,用来修饰名词或代词,形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子,We have eight lessons every day.,状语,修饰动词，形容词，副词，表,示动作发生的时间，地点，原,因，目的，方式，结果等,副词，介词短语或句,子,He works very hard.,They held a party in Hollywood.,宾语,补足语,逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系,形容词，名词，介词,短语等,She always keeps the house,clean.,主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！,英语的句子成分：,一）主语：,Walls,have ears.,He,will take you to the hospital.,Three plus four,equals seven.,To see,is to believe.,Smo,king,is not allowed in public places.,Whether or not they will come,depends on the weather.,二）谓语,由_担任。,助动词或情态动词,加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。,Action,speaks,louder than words.,The chance,may,never,come,again.,Mary,has been working,at the dress shop since 1994,.,动词/动词短语,名词,代词,数词,to do不定式,doing动名词,句子,My father is a,professor.,Whos,that,?Its,me.,Everything here is,expensive.,The match became,very exciting.,The story of my life may be,of help to others.,Three times five is,fifteen.,His plan is,to seek work,in the city.,My first idea was,that you should hide your feelings,.,三）,表语,它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_,_的.,系动词、连系动词,性质,特征,状态,名词 n,代词 pron,形容词 adj,adj,介词短语,数词,to do不定式,句子,（四）宾语,表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。,She covered,her face,with her hands.,We havent seen,her,for a long time.,Do you mind,opening,the window?,Give me,four,please.,He wants,to dream a nice dream.,We need know,what others are doing.,We should care more,about our friends,.,动词/动词短语,介词,名词 n,代词 pron,动名词,代词和数词,to do不定式,句子,介词+名词,（五）定语,是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。,They are,woman,workers.,Toms,father didnt write home until yesterday.,Mary is a,beautiful,girl.,The play has,three,acts.,This is,her first,trip,to Europe.,China is a,developing,country.,I have nothing,to eat.,Those,who want to go to Tibet,are to sign their names here.,名,前,后,名词,名词所有格,形容词 adj,数词,形容词/序数词/to do 不定式,现在分词 doing,to do 不定式,从句,六）状语,状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、,让步,、伴随情况等。,The best fish swim,near the bottom,.,I left the village,five years ago.,I arrived late because of the traffic jam.,Well send a car,to fetch you.,The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones,The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.,If he goes,so will I.,Though he is a child,he knows a lot.,地点状语,时间状语,原因状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语,条件状语,让步状语,七）宾语补足语。,英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。,They elected me,captain of the team.,We try to make our country,strong.,We found everything,in good order,there.,I should advise you,to get the chance.,I saw him,going upstairs.,They found the house broken in.,名词,形容词,介词短语,to do 不定式,现在分词 doing,done 过去分词,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成,动词的复合结构,八）主语补足语,如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语,I was elected,captain of the team,.,Our country will be made,strong.,与宾语补足语一样,口诀记忆,主谓宾表定状补，解释说明同位语。,句子主干主谓宾（表），辅助成分定状补。,定语修饰名词代，状修动词还有副。,主谓人称数一致，宾语之后常有补。,二.五种简单句基本句型,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,动词,系动词,不及物动词,及物动词,主语+系+表语,主语+谓语,1）,Our city,is,at the crossing of some important railways,.,主语 系动词 表语,2）,The city,will become,rich.,主语 系动词 表语,在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：,“变化”类：_.,“感官”类:_.,“持续”类：_.,其他：（似乎）_ _(证明是)_,get/become/turn/grow/go,taste/smell/feel/look/sound,stay/keep/remain,Seem appear,turn out/prove(to be),1主语+系动词+表语,Exercises,你的故事听起来很有趣。,_.,把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。,_.,这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。,_.,这个计划证明是可行的。,_.,You story sounded very interesting.,Put the fish into fridge,or they will go bad.,The hot day will remain/stay/keep a few days,.,The plan turned out/proved（to be)practical.,2主语+谓语,1）,Building,has started,.,主语 谓语,2）,The train,leaves,at 7:40.,主语 谓语,_搭配：The teacher teaches well.,The child walks very slowly.,_搭配：The girl looked at the picture.,The children ran to the forest.,动词副词,动词介词,Exercise,我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。,_,Every day I get up early,walk to the park and sit on the bench.,3主语+谓语+宾语,The boss,employed,five more workers,.,主语 谓语 宾语,My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.,Few students like taking exams.,He forgot to close the door.,I hope I can speak English fluently.,Exercise,他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。,_.,他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。,_.,他许诺给我一个礼物。,_.,He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.,He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.,He promised to give me a gift.,4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,1）,He,has fetched,us,some new textbooks,.,主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语,2）,Grandma,cooked,us,a nice meal.,主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语,3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.,4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.,可接双宾语的常见动词有：,ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise,顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.,下学期谁教你们生物？_.,Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.,By the way,has she paid you money?,Who will teach you biology?,Mr.White told me why he went abroad.,5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语