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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,中考英语语法,主谓一致,一、语法,一致原则,二,、,意义,一致,原则,三、就近,一致原则,一、语法一致原则,（,1,）主语为单数,时，谓语,用单数；主语为复数时，谓语用复数。,He,goes,to school early every morning.,The children,are,playing outside.,（,2,）,动词不定式或动词,ing,形式,做主语时，谓语动词用,单数,。若两个或两个以上非谓语动词并列做主语，,分指两个或两个以上动作,时，谓语动词用,复数,形式。,To,see _,（,is/are,）,to believe.,Doing eye exercises _,（,is/are,）,good for your eyes,.,Lying and stealing,（,is/are,）,immoral,.,（,3,）由,and,或,both,连接的,并列成分作主语,时，谓语动词用,复数,。,Both he and I,are,right.,但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数,。,a/the+,单数名词,+and+,单数名词，指的是同一个人或物,；,a/the+,单数名词,+and+a/the+,单数名词，指两个人或物。,The writer and teacher _,（,is/are,）,coming.,The writer and the teacher _,（,is/are,）,coming.,A knife and fork _,（,is/are,）,on the table.,（,4,）由,and,连接的并列单数主语之前如果,分别由,each,every,修饰,时，其谓语动词要用,单数形式,。,In our country every boy and every girl,（,has/have,）,the right to receive education.,Each man and each woman,（,is/are,）,asked to help.,（,5,）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有,but,except,besides,with,等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。,The teacher,with his students,(,is/are)going to visit the museum.,Nobody,but two boys,(is/are),late for class.,（,6,）,each,either,neither,another,the,other,，,some,any,no,every,作主语或,构成,的复合代词作主语,，,谓语动词用,单数,。,Each of them,(has/have),an English dictionary.,Neither answer is correct.,Is everybody ready?,Somebody is using the phone.,（,7,）有,两部分构成的物体,的名词，如,glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors,等作主语时，谓语动词用,复数,。,Where,my shoes?,Your trousers,dirty.,如果这类名词前用了,a pair of,等，则往往用作,单数,，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于,pair,的单复数形式。,Here,(is/,are)some new pairs of shoes.,My new pair of socks,(is/are)on the bed.,（,8,）不定,代词,somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing,作主语，,谓语动词用,单数,。,Something,(is/are),wrong with,the bike.,Nobody,（,was/were,）,in.,(Is/Are),everyone here today?,二、意义一致的原则,（,1,）指,主语,形式上为单数,，但,意义为复数,，因此谓语动词用,复数,形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。,My family,are,having lunch now.,Twenty,dollars,is,too expensive for the book.,（,2,）表,时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算,等复数名词作主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用,单数,。,Two months,_,（,is/are,）,a long holiday.,Twenty pounds,_,（,is/are,）,not so heavy.,Ten miles,_,（,is/are,）,not a long distance.,Five minus four,_,（,is/are,）,one.,（,3,）,family,class,group,team,等集体名词作主语，若指,一个整体时，,谓语动词用,单数形式,，若指一个一个的,具体成员时，,谓语动词用,复数形式,。,His family _,（,is/are,）,not large.,My family all _,（,like/likes,）,watching TV.,（,4,）,people,、,police,、,cattle,、,youth,等没有复数标记但用作复数,的,集体,名词作主语,，谓语动词常用,复数,形式。,People here,（,is/are,）,very friendly.,The youth,（,is/are,）,having a meeting.,（,5,）当主语部分,(,主语是单数时,),含有,with,，,together with,，,along with,，,as well as,，,besides,，,except,，,but,，,like,，,rather,than,including,等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用,单数形式,；,但“,名词,+as well as+,名词,”时，谓语动词一般应与,第一个名词,一致。,Mike with his father _,（,has/have,）,been to England.,Mike,like his brother,_,（,enjoy/enjoys,）,playing football.,The students as well as the teacher _,（,was/were,）,present at the meeting,（,6,）不定代词由,all,most,more,some,any,none,作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的,意义来决定,谓语动词的单复数形式。,如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。,All of the work,been finished.,All of the people have gone.,more than one+,单数名词作主语，谓语用单数,。,More than one student _,（,has/have,）,ever been to Beijing.,（,7,）疑问代词（？）作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：,主语表示复数意义,，谓语动词用,复数,；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：,Who is your brother?,Who are League members?,（,8,）“,分数或百分数,+of+,名词,”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以,of,后面的名词而定,。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。,It is said that 35 percent of the doctors,are,women.,Three fourths of the surface of the earth,.,sea,.,（,9,）,half,the rest,等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果,所指,为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。,I have read a large part of the book,the rest (is/are)more difficult.,Only ten students attended the class because all the rest,（,is/are,）,off sick.,（,10,）由,what,引导的主语从句作主语,时，通常谓语动词用,单数形式,。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。,What she said,（,is/are,）,correct.,What she left me,（,is/are,）,a few old books.,（,11,）,以,s,结尾的名词,本身不表示复数意义,，谓语通常用,单数,形式，如,news,mathematics,physics politics,等,No,news,（,is/are,）,good,news,.,Mathematics,(,is/are),very popular in our,class.,（,12,）,the,+,形容词表示一类人时,，谓语动词用,复数,形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式,.,The poor,(is/are),very happy,but the rich are sad.,The,beautiful,(live),forever.,三、就近一致的原则,指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，,取决于最靠近他的主语,。,例如,：,Not only,the teacher,but also,his students,like,playing football.,There,is,a,pen,and some books on the desk.,（,1,）由连词,or,eitheror,neither nor,not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，,与最靠近它的主语一致,。,Either you or I,（,am/is/are,）,right.,Neither the children nor the teacher,（,know,）,anything about it.,（,2,）在“,There be”,句型中,谓语动词和,靠近的主语一致,。,There,（,is/are,）,two apples and one egg in it.,There,_,（,is/are,）,a book and three pens on the desk.,Here _,（,is/are,）,some books and paper for you.,.,由,or,eitheror,，,neithernor,not,onlybut also,，,notbut,连接,两个名词或代词作主语时，,根据就近原则,决定谓语动词形式,。,Either my wife or I,（,am/is/are,）,going.,Neither,you,nor I,nor anyone else,knows,the answer.,Not,only you but also he,（,is/are,）,ready to leave.,1,.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.,A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand,2,.Either of you _ going th
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