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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚拟语气,1,语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。,英语中共有三种语气,陈述语气、,祈使语气、,虚拟语气,（the Indicative Mood）,（the Imperative Mood）,（the Subjunctive Mood）,2,陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气,语气的种类,用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。,用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。,表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。,3,虚拟语气,可用在,条件句、状语从句、名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，主语从句),中。,一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。,4,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,与现在事实相反,动词过去式（be动词一般用were）,would/should/could/might+动词原形,与过去事实相反,had+过去分词,would/should/could/might+have+过去分词,与将来事可能相反,did(有可能，但不大),should+do（可能性较过去式小）,would/should/could/might+do,were to do（可能性最小）,5,1.If I,had,time,I,would attend,the meeting.,2.If I,were,you,I,would give,AIDS patient a hug.,3.If I,had taken,your advice,I,wouldnt,have made,a mistake.,4.If he,had been,there,it,wouldnt have,happened,.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,6,5.If,it,should rain,tomorrow,they,wouldnt go,for an,outing.,6.I think we,could do,it,if we,planned,it,properly.,7.If we,were to have,three days off,we,would enjoy,a very happy life.,与将来事实相反,7,If you,took,taxi,you,would get,there more quickly.,如果你坐出租车去，你就可以快一点到那里。（与现在事实相反，事实是你不坐）,If I,were,you,I,should/would,be more careful.,如果我是你，我会更仔细些。（与现在事实相反，事实是我不是你）,注意：主句中的would可用于,任何人称,，should通常用于,第一人称,8,If I,had known,that you were coming,I,would have,met you at the airport.,如果我当时知道你要来，我就去机场接你了。(与,过去事实,相反，事实是我当时不知道),If they,came/were to come/should come,tomorrow,they would know our secret.如果他们明天真的来了，他们就会知道我们的秘密。(与,将来事实,可能相反),9,Exercises:,1.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.,A.has come,B.did come,C.came,D.had come,D,10,省掉if的条件从句的用法：,如果从句的谓语中有should,had,were时，则可以省去if,把这些词提到句首倒装。,1,.Were I you,I would get up early every morning.,=,If I were you,I would get up early every morning.,2.,Should she come tomorrow,I should give her the book.,=,If she should come tomorrow,I should give her the book.,11,3,.Had I taken your advice,I wouldnt have made a mistake.,=,If I,had taken,your advice,I,wouldnt,have made,a mistake.,12,在,强调条件从句时,，常省去主句，表示“已不能实现”的愿望，它常用if only来引导,译成：要是 多好啊！,e.g.If only he,were,here,.,如果他在这儿就好了。,If only I,had followed,your advice!,如果我按你的建议做了该多好啊！,If only,I,could see,him again!,如果我能再见到他该多好啊！,13,用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的有with,without,but for.,What would you do,with,a million dollars?(=if you had a million dollars),2.,We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time,without,your help.(=if we hadnt got your help),3.,But for,the rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain),we would have finished the work.,14,有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。,e.g.I was ill that day.,Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meet.,He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or,I would have known nothing about it.,15,使用虚拟条件句时应注意,：,当条件状语从句表示的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据,各自,所表示的时间加以调整。,e.g.If you,had followed,my advice just now,you,would be,better,now,.,If he,had telephoned,me last night,I,would see,him,now,.,16,虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用,1.,用在宾语从句中,17,Wish,的宾语从句,现在：,过去：,未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.,I wish I were a bird.（现在）,I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）,We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.,（将来）,18,2.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的有：,一坚持（insist），二命令（order,command），三建议(advise,suggest,propose,),四要求（demand,require,request,desire)这类动词后面的宾语从句用should+do,should可省略。,19,e.g.,He,suggested,that we(should)start early the next day.,They,insisted,that the boy(should)go with them.,The doctor,ordered,that the patient(should)be sent to hospital at once.,20,注意：,The smile on his face,suggested,that he,was,satisfied with our work.,The man,insisted,that he,had never,stolen the money.,暗示,坚持认为,当suggest表示,建议,时虚拟，表示,暗示,时不虚拟，用陈述语气。当insist表示,坚决要求,时虚拟，表示,坚持认为,时不虚拟，用陈述语气。,21,以上动词相应的同根词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。,order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire等,22,Its suggested that the plan,be carried out,.(,主语从句）,My demand is that she,should come,to,see me once a week.,（表语从句）,All of us are for the advice that the,chemical,factory,should be,closed down.,（同位语从句）,23,2.,would rather that,现在：,过去：,未来：,I would rather you,paid,me now.,She would rather that we,hadnt left,yesterday.,Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,24,虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的运用,25,as if/though+Clause,现在：,过去：,过去时,过去完成时,She loves the baby as if it,were,her own son.,与现在事实相反,She talked about the film as if she,had really seen,it.,与过去事实相反,26,It is(high)time(that)句型中，从句用过去式或should+do，should不能省略，意为“该干事了”,e.g.It is(high)time(that)you went to school.,It is(high)time(that)you should study hard.,你该努力学习了。,27,补充练习,If he had listened to me,he _ be in such,trouble now.,A.haventB.would not,C.had notD.would havent,B,2.Wang,Fang _ college last year.Unfortunately,he couldnt take the examinations,because of a sudden illness.,A.could go B did go,C.could have goneD.must have gone,3.The plant is dead.I _ it more water.,A.will giveB.would have given,C.must giveD.should have given,C,D,28,4.He _ told you that.,A.needs not haveB.neednt have,C.neednt hasD.will have had,5.You _ it to your father.Why no
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