大学英语四级备考

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,大学英语四级备考,阅读专项,大学英语四级阅读五大题型解析,篇章阅读理解题是四级考生最熟悉的题型，两篇文章，10道选择题，文章的长度350字左右，题材主要有说明文、议论文。其中说明文占比例较大。内容涉及科普、教育、生活、环保、职场、健康和学习等。,四级考试大纲要求考生能读懂中等难度的文章，掌握中心大章，能进行一定的分析和推理，领会文章的观点和态度。具体主要测试以下几个方面的能力：,l.理解明确或隐含表的概念和细节；,2.在理解事实的基础上进行正确的推理和判断；,3.理解文章的中心思想；,4.理解文章的观点和态度；,5.猜测词、短语以及句子在特定语境中的语义。,具体常考的题型有五种：,细节题、推理题、主旨题、态度判断题和语义题。其中细节题和推断题出题频率较高。,阅读考试的核心是检测学生对,同义转述,的把握能力。,同义转述,同义转述是英语阅读考试的核心。同义转述就是指语言重现。语言重现不仅对于定位答案所在句子或段落起到重要作用，而且对确定选项起到至关重要的作用。,三种语言重现：,1、AA语言重现,2、AB语言重现,3、因果关系重现,AA,语言重现定义：,关键词在原文中以原文形式出现。它以特殊关键词为主，包括人名、地名、时间、数字和生词。,AB,语言重现定义,：关键词,A,在原文中以同义词,B,的形式出现。,AB,语言重现考察学生的单词量。,因果关系重现定义：,所谓因果关系重现是把定位对象从词上升到存在因果关系的句子结构层面，从而越过生词造成的阅读障碍寻找因果关系在原文中的重现。这是四级英语阅读比较重要的一类语言重现，是阅读技巧的完美体现。,Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21,st,century,but regardless of whether it is or isnt we wont do much about it.We will argue over it and may even,as a nation,make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it.But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem,the less likely they are to be observed.,Al Gore,calls global warming an“inconvenient truth,”,as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.,（专家的观点）,But,the real truth is that we dont know enough to relieve global warming,and without major technological breakthroughswe cant do much about it.,（作者的观点）,From 2003 to 2050,the worlds population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion,a 42%increase.If energy use per person and technology remain the same,total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly,CO2)will be 42%higher in 2050.but thats too low,because societies that grow richer use more energy.We need economic growth unless we condemn the worlds poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone elses living standards.,With,modest growth,energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.,No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom(limits on electricity usage,driving and travel)that might cut back global warming.Still,politicians want to show theyre“doing something.”Consider the,Kyoto Protocol,(,京都议定书,).It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didnt.But it hasnt reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25%since 1990),and many,signatories,(,签字国,)didnt adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.,The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster,the only solution is new technology.Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.,The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when its really an engineering one.The inconvenient truth is that if we dont solve the engineering problem,were helpless.,58.According to the authors understanding,what is,Al Gores view,on global warming?,A)It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.,B)It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.,C)It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.,（,C,）,D)It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.,1,、通过题干中的人名,Al Gores view,定位到第二段的首句，,是,AA,语言重现。,2,、原文中,recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.,与选项,C It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.,也是同义转述关系，故选,C,。,是,AB,语言重现。,59.Green house emissions will more than double by 2050,because of _,_.,A)economic growth,B)the widening gap between the rich and poor,C)wasteful use of energy,D)the rapid advances of science and technology,1,、通过题干,because of,确定本题考的是因果关系。,2,、通过数词,2050,定位到第三段的最后一句话。介词,with,是表因果关系的信号词，与选项,A,是同义转述，由此确定原因是,economic growth,，故选,A.,。,是因果关系语言重现。,三大细节题,细节题的提问方式灵活多变，对象涉及短文的各种具体细节，如时间、地点、原因结果、方式等。这类题目的一个共同特点是，答案一般都能在文章中直接找到。但有时出题者为了增加题目的难度，会有意避开文中所用词汇，而用这些词的同义词。在这种情况下，我们就要依据题干提及的关键词，定位文中相关出处，再对比选项确定答案。,1,）解题思路,细节题是每篇文章中最多的一种题型。做此类题的要点是：在题干中确定关键词，返回原文，找准出处。,步骤：,1,读懂题干；,2,根据题干中的关键词定位原文段落，,3,定位原文后，仔细阅读；,4,对照选项，找出与原文是同义转述的选项，确定答案；,5,如选项中的内容与原文无关的可首先排除；,切记：,大部分细节题的正确选项都是原文的同义转述。,正确选项的特征：,一般不会与原文一模一样，通常是原文的,“,同义转述,”,1,如文中是双重否定，答案一般会以肯定形式出现；文中肯定，答案是双重否定；,2,换词法，把关键词换为其同义词或近义词；,3,很多时候，正确选项为段落的主旨句或强转折、强对比之后的观点。,2,）细节题考点出处,（,1,）列举、举例、比喻处,例证题：,例证题考察的是文章的逻辑结构。这样的文章结构一般是,“,先论点后举例,”,或,“,先举例后论点,”,切记：遇到问,“,作者举,xx,例子的目的,”,时，有关例子本身的选项一定不是答案。正确答案的特征：跳出例子本身，从宏观上概括，全面而合情合理。但有的时候会专门考所引的话的意思，这样的题就属于例子本身题，可具体问题具体分析。,2007,年,6,月,Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter,.,（论点）,If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting(,稍纵即逝的,)thought,the thought will die.If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form,no one is likely to understand.You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.,（举例）,58.What prevents people from writing on is _.,A)putting their ideas in raw form,B)attempting to edit as they write,C)ignoring grammatical soundness,D)trying to captur