英语句子成分分析

*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,英语句子成分,句子的组成部分叫句子成分。一个句子一般由两部分组成，即主语（subject）部分和谓语(predicate)部分，他们都是句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语(object)，定语(attribute)，状语(adverbial)，表语(predicative)和补语(complement)。,主语（subject）,句子的主体，谓语述说的对象，说明动作是谁发出的。充当主语的形式：1）名词 2）代词 3）名词短语 4）名词从句 5)数词 6）不定式 7)ing形式 8)介词短语（少见）,（1）由名词充当,如：,The,painter,painted a very nice picture.,（画家花了一幅漂亮的画）,（2）由代词（人称代词用主格）充当,如：,They,fouhght against SARS bravely.,(他们勇敢地与非典搏斗),（3）由动词不定式充当,如：,To see,is to believe.,（耳听为虚眼见为实）,（4）由动词ing形式充当,如：,Helping,animls is to help people.,(帮助动物就是帮助人类),（5）由it充当（主语替换）,如：,It,is very important to have a Class A seat during the long journey.,(在成途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了),Eating,too much is bad for your health.=,It,is bad for your health eating too much.,(吃得太多对你的身体不利),（6）主语必须由代词充当（反义问句的附加问句）,如：,The man looks worried, doesnt,he,?,(这个人看上去很着急不是吗),Tigers are dangerous animals, arent,they,?,(老虎是危险的动物不是吗),（7）祈使句一般省略主语（主语省略）,如：,Keep the keyboards clean, children.,(孩子们请保持键盘的清洁),（8）主谓一致（单复数保持一致）,如：,Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam.,(Jim和Rose都没有通过考试),The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people.,(中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族),谓语（predicate）,表示主语的行为或进行的动作。,1)由实意动词充当,如：,He,travelled,in space for thr first time.,(他首次在太空旅行),Who,teaches,you English this year?,(今年谁教你们英语？),2)由Be动词充当,如：,we,are,good friends.,(我们是要好的朋友),I,am,a student.,（我是一个学生）,3）由系动词充当,如：,The pizza has,gone,bad.,(那块烧饼已经变坏),She,feels,nervous when she is taking exam.,（考试的时候她很紧张）,Leaves,turn,yellow in fall.,（秋天叶子变黄了。）,谓语动词的正确搭配,情态动词+原型动词,Youd better /shall/ will/,go,over the lesson,（你最好复习着一课）,be+现在分词或者过去分词,What,are,you,doing,this evening?,(你今晚打算做什么),Many trees have,been cut down,since 1970s.,(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐),宾语（object）,表示行为的对象，动作的承受者，由名词，代词（人称代词用宾格），不定式，动名词，从句担当。,1）代词和名词充当宾语,The angel also came to,Joseph,and told,him,the same thing.,(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。),2）不定式作宾语,He told me that the company could not,afford to,payy him so much money.,(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多钱),3）动名词作宾语,They enjoy,watching,football games so much that they often forget their lessons.,(他们如此喜爱足球以至于常常忘记了功课),4）从句作宾语,I think,to be a childrens doctor is very rewarding.,(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的),Tips,只有及物动词或介词才有宾语，,不及物动词,没有宾语。,Listen to the radio.(Listen不是及物动词，故加to),Can you hear anything exciting?,(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息嘛),疑问句中宾语放在,句首或者介词后,。,What did he see?(他看见了什么？),With what does he write a letter?/,(他用什么写的信),Tips,动词+副词+宾语结构中，如果宾语是代词，,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间,。Please put the shoes /them away,=Please put away the shoes.(请把鞋子收起来),双宾语两种结构：,1）动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,He often gives me some help.,2）动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语,He often gives some help to me.,(他常常帮我),Tips,在动词+宾语+宾补结构中，如果宾语是不定式，动名词，宾语从句，则常用i,t作形式宾语,，而将实际的宾语移到,补语后面去,。,I found the job rather difficult/I found it rather difficult to do the job.,(我发觉这个工作相当难做),定语（attribute）,是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者形容词短语和从句，名词所有格，物主代词担任 ，放在名词之前。,1）形容词作定语,如：,Put it in the,top,drawer.,(把它放在最上面的抽屉里),2）名词和物主代词作形容词,如：,His,mother and father are both,college,teachers.,(他的父母都是大学教授),3）从句作定语,如：,This is the day,that Ican never forget in my life .,(这是我一辈子难为的日子),Tips,单词作定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面，而且有一定的次序。,冠词/物主代词+大小+形状+新旧+色彩+国家/来源+材料/目的,好大方的舅舅严国财,时间副词（now,then,today,yesterday.）地点副词（here，there，back,in,out,hom）作定语时放在,被修饰的名词后面,。,I stayed there all alone.,我一直呆在那儿。,Tips,介词短语修饰名词只能放在名词后面,The monkey,in the cage,was caught yesterday.,(笼子里猴子是昨天逮着的。),形容词修饰符复合不定代词，往往后置。,He remembered everything,unuusual,.,(他记得所有不寻常的事),状语（adverbial）,说明动作何时何地如何发生，或者说明形容词或副词的程度，一般由副词，介词短语，不定式，状语从句充当。,I was not born,yesterday,.,(我不是昨天刚出身的娃娃),You can not leave,until your work is finished,.,（在你的工作完成之前你不能离开）,The students study,hard.,The bag is,too,heavy.,(这些学生学习努力） (这个书包太重了),Tips,多个状语相连，一般先单词，后短语，先地点，后时间，先小概念，后大概念。如：,He went out of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.,(他昨夜22点3刻从房间出来，然后消失在黑暗之中),表语（predicative）,是用来说明主语的性质或状态，通常由形容词，副词，介词短语，名词，代词等充当。,He became,a doctor,after he left high school.,(高中毕业他当上了医生),The rubber wheels are,over,there.,(橡胶轮子在那边呢),He does not feel like,eating,anything today.,(他今天不想吃认可东西),Tips,表语只能放在连系动词（look，be,become,turn,get,grow,feel,seem）之后。,只能做表语的形容词sorry afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested,He was terribly,sorry,for his carelessness,(他为他的粗心很歉疚),The baby is,asleep,.,(婴儿正在熟睡),I am only i,nterested,in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all.,(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣),补语（complement）,补充宾语的动作，状语的成分为宾语补足语，常由名词，形容词，动词非谓语（不定式，现在分词，过去分词），介词短语等充当。,Call him,Jim,please.,(请叫他Jim),I tried my best to make him,happy,.(我竭尽所能让他开心),Ask her to come to dinner,tomorrow,.(请他明天来),He let the smaller animals,bring food to him,.(他让小动物们给他带食物来),英语句子成分,（定语） 主语（状语） 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语）,(The tall )boy (often) go( to the big) zoo,(The happy) child went (his )home yesterday.,请分析下面的句子说出各个成分,1）I have two elder sisters.,2)They dont swim very well.,3)Do you go to school every day?,4)I really want a cup of tea.,5)Miss Smith teaches English very well.,英语基本句型,一：S |V(主+谓),二：S| V| P(主+系+表),三：S| V| O(主+谓+宾),四：S| V| o | O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）,五：S| V| O| C(主+谓+宾+宾补),一：S |V(主+谓),1 The sun | was shining .,2 The moon |rose.,3 The universe | remains,4 We all |breathe, eat ,and drink,5 Who |cares?,6 What he said |does not matter.,二：S| V| P(主+系+表),1 This| is| an English-Chinese dictionary.,2 The dinner |smells| good.,3 He |fel in love.,4 Everything |looks| different.,5 He |is|growing |tall and strong,6 Our well |has gone |dry.,三：S| V| O(主+谓+宾),1 Who |knows| the answer?,2 She |smied |her thanks.,3 He |refused |to help him .,4 He |enjoys| reading.,5 They |ate| what was left over.,6 I |want |a cuo of coffee.,四：S| V| o | O（主+谓+间宾+直宾）,1 She |order| herself |a new dress,2 She |cooked |her hunband |a delicious meall.,3 He |brought |you |a dictionary.,4 He| denies| her| nothing .,5 I |showed| him| my pictures.,6 I| gave| my |car| a wash.,五：S| V| O| C(主+谓+宾+宾补),1 They |appointed |him| manager.,2 They |painted |the door |green.,3 This |set| them |thinking.,4 They |found |the house |deserted.,5 What| makes| him |think so?,6 We| saw| him |out.,英语句子成分,英语句子成分,英语句子成分,英语句子成分,英语句子成分,英语句子成分,英语句子成分,