英语四级汉译英翻译技巧总结

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,CET 4,汉译英翻译技巧总结,翻译技巧,（一）词法：词性的转换；数词的英译,（二）句法：语态的转换；句子的分译与,合译,（三）语篇：连接词的运用；重复表达的,处理,（一）词法：,1.,词性的转换,汉语动词转成英语名词、形容词、介词；,汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词；,汉语名词转换成英语动词。,1.,词性的转换,宋朝的创始人建立了有效的中央集权制；广泛任用民间的学术文人；地方的军事官员及其党羽都被中央任命的官员所替代。这种官员体系使得宋朝的权利比以往任何朝代都,更集中,在皇帝和官僚机构的手中。,The founders of the Song Dynasty built an effective centralized bureaucracy staffed with many civilian scholar-officials.Regional military officers and their supporters were replaced by officials appointed by the central government.This system of civil service led to,a greater concentration,of power of the emperor and his palace bureaucracy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties.,1.,词性的转换,（,1,）动词转为名词,他这个人最爱,说话,了。,He is,a great talker,.,他妹妹老是,说谎,。,His sister is,a great liar,.,（,2,）动词转为介词,他,用,手指在墙上写下了自己的名字。,He wrote his name on the wall,with,his finger.,许多学生,反对,他。,Many students are,against,him.,（,3,）动词转为副词,演出已经,开始,了。,The performance is,on,.,（,4,）形容词转为名词,她非常,漂亮,。,She is a real,beauty,.,你说他,傻不傻,？,Dont you think hes,an idiot,?,2.,数词的英译,（,1,）数词表示约略或夸张,万一打碎了眼镜，我这,一千二百度的近视眼,如何走路呢。,If my glass got broken,I shant be able to walk,very far with these,near-sighted eyes of mine,.,这里的交通,四通八达,。,Traffic lines here,radiate in all directions,.,2.,数词的英译,(2),倍数,A,是,B,的,n,倍：可以译成,A is n times that of B;A is n times as adj.as B;A is(n-1)times more than B.,新校的占地面积是老校的,三倍,。,The new campus covers an area,that is 3 times,as big as,the old campus.,A,比,B,多,n,倍；,A,增加,n,倍：可以译成,A is n+1 times as adj.as B;A increases(rises,goes up,grows)by n times.,氧原子几乎比氢原子,重,15,倍,。,The oxygen,atom is nearly 16 times as heavy a,s the,hydrogen atom.,2.,数词的英译,（,3,）百分比的增加,百分比的增加或升高可用的英语表达法有,increase by,raise by,go up by,等。,据中国海关统计，去年外商投资企业的产品出口值达,8.1,亿美元，今年上半年又比去年同期,增长,58.4%,。,According to Chinese Customs statistics,exports of,foreign-funded ventures totaled US$0.81 billion last,year and,registered an increase of 58.4 percent,in the,first half of this year over the same period of last year.,过去三年中，该省的杂交水稻亩产量,增长了百分之五十,。,Over the past three years,the province,has raised,its,per mu yield of hybrid rice,by one half,.,（,3,）百分比的减少,百分比的减少或降低可以用的英语表达法有,reduce by,fall by(to),go gown by,等。,采用新技术使生产成本一下子,降低了,25%,。,The adoption of the new technique,reduced(lowered),the cost of production,by,one quarter.,作为出口主体的国有企业今年出口,278,亿美元，比去年,减少了,3.4%,。,As the major force of Chinas export,Chinas state-owned enterprises only exported US$27.8 billion worth of goods,representing a reduction(decrease)of 3.4 percent,.,2.,数词的英译,（二）句法,句子语态的转换,转态译法就是在翻译过程中把原文中的被动语态转换成译文中的主动语态，或把原文中的主动语态转换成译文中的被动语态。,上海市高楼林立，灯火映天，素有“远东明珠”的世界级声誉。美丽的外滩，缤纷的南京路、淮海路以其夺目的光彩,展示着,大上海的无穷魅力。,Because of its numerous brightly lit skyscrapers,Shanghai enjoys an international reputation as the“Pearl in the Far East”.Its infinite glamour,is vividly shown by,the beautiful bund and prosperous and illuminating Nanjing Road and Huaihai Road.,当下,众人七言八语,。,By now proposals of all kinds,were being made,.,马路,两边是,整齐的梧桐树。,The avenue,was lined with,neatly-spaced plane trees.,1.,句子语态的转换,（,1,）强调受事，突出被动状态。如：,这个词不是我的发明，是农民的发明。,That,term was invented not by me but by,the peasants.,（,2,）因种种原因，不出现或无须说明施事者。如：,这种书是给儿童写的。,Such books,are written for,children.,（,3,）使句子结构匀称，文气连贯，如：,他出现在台上，观众报以热烈的掌声。,He appeared on the stage and,was warmly applauded by,the audience.,（,4,）汉语中的某些习惯用语或泛指人称为主语的主动句，如：,大家都认为这样做是不妥当的。,It is generally considered,not advisable to act that way.,（,5,）使语气委婉，措辞礼貌，如：,今天晚上七点钟开教学会，全体教师务必参加。,There will be a teaching symposium at 7:00 pm today.All the,faculty is,expected to,attend.,（,6,）汉语中带有被动意义的主动句，如：,病人正在手术中。,The patient,is being operated on,.,2.,句子的分译与合译,需要分译的句子，多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。分译能使译文层次分明、易于理解。,按照内容层次分译，如：,少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问也来不及了,。,Youth will soon be gone never to return.,And it,will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.,从主语变换处分译，如：,四周没有灯火，那座祠堂也睡着了。,No lamps,shone around.,The clan temple,was also asleep.,从关联词（如转折）处分译，如：,餐馆里只有几个人，或许是因为天气冷的缘故吧！,There were only a few people in the restaurant,.Probably because of,the cold weather!,原文出现总说或分述时要分译，如：,在学校里，他因作业做得好而大受老师的称赞，又因朗读出色而受到同学们的恭维，一切都顺利进行。,At school he was commended by his teacher for the fine homework and flattered by his classmates for his reading well.,Everything went smoothly.,2.,句子的分译与合译,英语句子简洁，但从句套从句，短语含短语也频频出现，较汉语而言长句多，所以在翻译中，就要把汉语的两个句子甚至更多句子合译为英语的一句。,在关联词处合并，如：,从前有个俊俏的年轻人，人人都喜欢他，可他总是闷闷不乐。,因为,他有一个唠叨不休的继母,。,Once there lived a handsome young man,through a favorite with everyone,was unhappy,because,he had a nagging step mother.,从主语变换处合译，常出现主从句，如：,她,站在我身旁，帮我拿起电报。,她的手,在微微颤动着。,Her hands,slightly trembling,she,helped me to pick up the telegram.,（三）语篇,1,、恰当运用连接词,英语常用连接词连接句子各成分，句子结构十分严谨、关系明确、语义清晰。,京剧是一门综合的表演艺术，它集合了音乐、歌曲、对白、表演、杂技和武术等多种艺术形式。一名京剧演员一定是一名表演艺术家，能歌善舞。要成为一个合格的京剧演员一般要经过十几年的培养和训练。,Peking Opera is a comprehensive performing art:It combines music,singing,dialog,pantomime,acrobatics and martial arts.,Therefore,an actor or actress in Peking Opera has to be a performing artist who can both sing and dance.It usually takes a student more than 10