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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,名词分类和名词词组的句法功能,外国语,14,级,1,班,蔡秋梅,主要内容,一、名词的定义,二、名次分类,三、名词词组和句法功能,一、名词的定义,名词,(Nouns),：指人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。,二、名词分类,1,、简单名词、复合名词、派生名词,简单名词：包含一个自由词素的名词，如,man,、,chair,、,land,、,ship,、,water,、,gas,等。,复合名词：由两个或两个以上自由词素合成的名词，如,armchair,、,farmland,、,seaside,、,roommate,等。,派生名词：指由动词、形容词、简单名词加词缀构成的名词，如,arrangement,、,expectation,、,ability,、,greatness,等。,2、普通名词和专有名词,3、可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单、复数形式；不可数名词一般没有单、复数之分，但有时也可以以复数形式出现，表示不同意义。,个体名词,都是可数名词，有单、复数形式，可以计数；比如说,a car,，,two cars,，,one peach,，,ten peaches,；,集体名词,有的可数，有的不可数，比如说,a family,，,two families,，却不可以说,a furniture,，,two furnitures,；,物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词,通常不可以计数，从而是不可数名词。,普 个体名词 可数,通 集体名词 名词,名 物质名词,词 抽象名词 不可数名词,专有名词,注意,：可数名词与不可数名词的划分关系到名词与限定词的搭配，也关系到主语和谓语动词的一致（主谓一致）,三、名词词组的句法功能,1,、名词词组的结构模式,（限定词）,+,（前置修饰语）,+,名词,+,（后置修饰语）,例如：,a,boy,a little boy,a lovely little boy,a most lovely little boy,a most lovely little boy at play,a most lovely little boy in red at play,名词词组用途广泛，可以在句子中充当主语、主语补语、宾语、宾语补语、同位语、介词补足成分、状语和连词；但,不能,充当谓语成分。,做主语,Eg,：,1,、,Children at play,seldom remember what time it is.,2,、,The boys quarrelling over the game,each insisted that the other was unfair.,做主语补语,Eg,：,1,、,That,was an attractive little black chair,.,2,、,My grandfather,died a martyr to his revolutionary ideal,.,做宾语,Eg,：,1,、,They gave him,a first-rate education,.,2,、,In the hall,I saw,some extremely valuable pictures,.,做宾语补语,Eg,：,1,、,They elected him,chairman of the board,.,2,、,The School Board have appointed her,superintendent of the citys schools,.,做同位语,Eg,：,1,、,Mr Brown,director of the coal mine,should be responsible for the accident.,2,、,Alice,a professor of the department,will be invited to our English evening.,做介词补足成分,Eg,：,1,、,We teachers should be concerned about,the students moral culture,.,2,、,Within the house nothing stirs,In,the garden,I can hear the singing of,birds,.I can hear the rustle of,their wings,.,做状语和连词,Eg,：,1,、,He returned,last night,.,2,、,A photo is taken,each time,this button is pushed.,3,、,She phoned her parents,the moment,she reached the hotel.,
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