【高血压英文课件】Public-Health-Challenges--in-the-Ca

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Pan American Health Organization,2006,Public Health Challenges in the Caribbean,Mirta Roses Periago,Director PAHO/WHO,Nassau,Bahamas,28 February 2007,1,Pan American Health Organization,Disability Adjusted Life Years(Dailys)2001,Caribbean Commission on Health and Development(CCHD),2,Pan American Health Organization,CRUDE MORTALITY RATES FOR SELECT DISEASES BY YEAR:,CAREC MEMBER COUNTRIES,Heart Disease,Cerebro,Disease,Cancers,Diabetes Mellitus,Hypertensive Disease,Accidents,ARIs,HIV/AIDS,0,20,40,60,80,100,120,85,90,95,2000,YEAR,RATES,3,Pan American Health Organization,Caribbean Commission on Health and Development(CCHD),Arising from WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health;,Investigation of relationships between health,economic development,and poverty;,CARICOM/PAHO collaboration;,Chaired by former PAHO Director,report submitted to CARICOM.,4,Pan American Health Organization,Main messages(1),Recognize and promote the thesis that health is a productive asset and encourage further research in this field;,The Caribbean must re-examine seriously the business case for development of health services targeted to foreign consumers;,Intentional violence and injuries represent a huge burden to the health services;,The lack of systems for regular collection of data,such as the SLS in Jamaica is a major hindrance to research on Caribbean problems.,Caribbean Commission on Health and Development(CCHD),5,Pan American Health Organization,The Caribbean as a whole must face squarely the enormous problem of obesity and its co-morbidities of the non-communicable diseases.,This will involve major policy changes to effect,prevention through attention to,a)food security,b)increasing physical activity of the population,(These changes are spelled out in the Report),Caribbean Commission on Health and Development(CCHD),Main messages(2),6,Pan American Health Organization,The Caribbean must continue and intensify the actions to control the epidemic of HIV/AIDS with special attention to:,battling stigma and discrimination,legislation especially as regard labor laws,scaling up treatment,devoting a higher percentage of funding to prevention measures,ensuring that funds,already available,are spent,Caribbean Commission on Health and Development(CCHD),Main messages(3),7,Pan American Health Organization,Strengthen health systems infrastructure,paying special attention to;,improving the management and maintenance of the physical,facilities,planning in the health sector,strengthening surveillance systems for,a)communicable diseases,b)risk factors for the non-communicable diseases,Strengthen public health infrastructure,specifically:,ensuring the monitoring of the essential public health functions,mandating training to advanced levels in public health,by the University of the West Indies,Caribbean Commission on Health and Development(CCHD),Main messages(4),8,Pan American Health Organization,Address the issue of the export of nursing services as a regional problem:,-modify the program of managed migration as,endorsed by the Ministers of Health,by including,the potential for trade in nursing services as an,aspect of Mode 4 form of supply.,The two forms of migration to be seen will be:,a)permanent migration,b)managed temporary migration,(NB Countries are already encouraging FDI for nursing training),Caribbean Commission on Health and Development(CCHD),Main messages(5),9,Pan American Health Organization,Health financing,The practice of charging user fees should be discouraged,especially for public health and preventive services.It is regressive and bears heavily on the poor.However,when employed,it should be carefully targeted.,Countries should aim at a health expenditure of at least 6%GDP,The Caribbean should begin to examine the feasibility of a region wide health insurance,Caribbean Commission on Health and Development(CCHD),Main messages(6),10,Pan American Health Organization,Specific policy recommendations to the Heads of Government,Combat tobacco use,tax tobacco products,ban smoking in public places,Target children,make physical education compulsory,ensure healthy school meals,restrict advertising that promotes unhealthy diets,Make regulations and standards,ensure marketed foods show calorie&fat content,regulate importation of fats(consult RNM),11,Pan American Health Organization,The Report of the CCHD emphasized that the major health/disease problems that the Caribbean would have to face in the immediate future are:,Non Communicable Diseases,HIV/AIDS,Injuries and violence,12,Pan American Health Organization,Causes of death(Rank order)Bahamas,1996 2000,HIV disease(AIDS)1 1,Ischemic heart disease 5 2,Hypertensive disease 2 3,Diabetes mellitus 3 4,Cerebrovascular,disease 4 5,(*Source CMO Report 2002),13,Pan American Health Organization,14,Pan American Health Organization,Prevalence of Obesity(%of age group),Males Females,Bahamas(15