资讯组织研究INDECS

按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片文字樣式,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片文字樣式,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,*,資訊組織研究,INDECS,指導教授：張迺貞教授,第一組組員：,曾嬿容 、江政哲、劉慈心,(,報告者,),、鄭美珍,1,大綱,INDECS,概述,INDECS,Project,INDECS,特徵,INDECS,目標,INDECS,詮釋資料架構,Data Dictionary, 2RDD,參考資料,2,What is INDECS,INDECS,：,在,電子商務系統之元數據的互通性,IN,teroperability of,D,ata in,E,-,C,ommerce,S,ystems,電子商務環境下知識產權管理的元數據框架,Dc:DC November 1998 Godfrry Rust, Data Definitions,People,Stuff,Deals,Make,About,Do,3,Used by,4,電子商務,緣起：,從電子資料交換及跨組織資料系統所演進來的,定義：,透過網路進行產品、服務或資訊之購買、銷售或交換之交易處理過程,類型,電子層級：大企業主導或策略聯盟形成的不同企業間的資訊分享,電子市場：將產品流通至最終消費者,構成元件,參與者：指賣者、買者或中間商與第三者,產品：指要交易的商品,交易處理程序：指參與者和產品互動之市場活動,(,產品選擇生產,製造行銷資訊採購付款運送消費,),交易對象,：,B2B(,企業對企業,),，,B2C (,企業對個人,),，,C2B (,個人對企業,),，,C2C(,個人對個人,),5,1998-2000 Interoperability of Data in E-Commerce Systems,由,European Commissions Info2000 Programme,所支援,Focus: generic intellectual property and how to make data about it interoperable,EC + groups from the content, author, creator, library, publisher and rights communities,Pioneered a model of event-based metadata as a solution for integrating rights.,For “e-commerce” read “automation”,Influenced by CIS and FRBR:,1995+ :Common Information System “CIS” (CISAC),music rights,1998: Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records “FRBR” (IFLA),library cataloguing,Has been used and developed further,(Norman Paskin, 2004),目前已由,MPEG21,接手做為,Rights Data Dictionary,基礎,( R, 2002),6,Indecs,project, project 1998 - 2000, framework 2000-,主要產品是,數據框架,：,原則、 模型和,數據字典,Principles, model and data dictionary, June 2000,Rights management metadata,：,Identification of common functional requirements for managing IP on the internet,Substantial overlap with Resource Discovery,Data model based on IFLA FRBR model,http:/www.indecs.org/(brokend),http:/www.indecs.org/(brokend),7,Principles of the INDECS project,Interoperability of Data in E-Commerce Systems,on the web, all types of content are traded together.,descriptions, transactions and rights are inextricably connected.,INDECS proposes a solution to integrate them,Green& Davies, 2000.,The EXCEL Project,8,Problem,Interoperability - becoming a single content industry,Interdependence - needed common tools and standards,For people, stuff and deals,Deals metadata depends on people and stuff metadata,Dc:DC November 1998 Godfrry Rust, Data Definitions,9,目標,Object: Common tools and standards,generic data model,；,mapping other schemas to generic model,；,proposal for linking “person identifiers”,；,implementation guide,；,standards proposals,Everything must be uniquely identified,物品的唯一性,Stuff is complex,每一個,Creation,創作物的權利使用，會因人、地、時而有所不同,Metadata is modular,物品不同權利使用時，相關實體,(,人、物品、協議,),都有其對應的,詮釋資料模組,Transactions need automation,自動化的交易機制,10,INDECS partners and affiliates,PARTNERS,Book industry standards,EDItEUR,Record industry,IFPI,Multimedia rights,Kopiosto, Finland,CAL, Australia,CEDAR, Netherlands,Music rights,MCPS/PRS, UK,Audiovisual rights,SACD, France,Literary rights,ALCS, UK,Visual rights,BILD-KUNST, Germany,Database provider,Muze Inc/Ltd, US/UK,AFFILIATES,Text sector,IPA, STM, FEP,ISBN, ISSN,Libraries,IFLA/UBCIM, LC,DOI,International DOI Foundation,Copyright sector,WIPO, CISAC, IFRRO,US Copyright Office,Music sector,RIAA, ICMP,IPD, RICI,Audiovisual sector,SMPTE, BBC,11,特徵,識別號會增加,URN(Universal resource Number),外，尚待開發使用,識別號會重複使用,相同物件不同情境下使用，會有一個以上的識別號,識別號給定不精確,:,缺少嚴密的給號政策,有技術性保護機制,:,加密、浮水印機制,有多種辨識使用者方法,XML,成為標準,持續平行處理機制,:,技術發展保持中立,現行的書、視聽媒體語錄音資料與電子商務產業並行,12, and metadata schemas,13,詮釋資料架構,簡介,原則,語意,實體,屬性,關聯,團體,創作品,智慧財產權,智財權交易,權利聲明,非文字的詮釋資料,轉移,詮釋資料組織索引,14,詮釋資料架構,(,一,),Introduction,簡介,A,model of commerce,：,商業模式，財物外亦含文化傳輸,Metadata is critical,：,人、物件、協議三者串連，,資料鏈越來越多層,Stuff is complex,：,數位環境商品交易複雜,Metadata is modular,：,每個實體有其,詮釋資料互相串連,Transaction need automation,：,交易傳輸機制需自動化,Interoperability,：,資訊在各個情境中互通,Types of Interoperability,：,多媒體、多運作程式、多層級、多語言、多國家、多執行介面,Limits of technology,：,XML,和,RDF,只能處理連接，,indecs,提供了語意架構,Intellectual property metadata,：,交易行為描述,15,詮釋資料架構,(,一,),(,續,),架構特徵,為實體建置屬性架構,事件是詮釋資料的連結點,有一,Data Dictionary,管理智財權交易,每一詮釋資料元素有一,iid,團體指引說明,團體號和詮釋資料綱要的互通未包含在此文件內,16,詮釋資料架構,(,二,),Principles,原則,The principle of Unique Identification,唯一識別號原則,The principle of Functional Granularity,每個實體都要被辨識到，而非一定要被發現到,(,微粒原則,),The principle of Design Authority,設計權原則,:,Who says,辮別物品詮釋資料的真實性機制,The principle of Appropriate Access,存取正確性原則，一個安全標準性規範,A definition of metadata,詮釋資料定義,實體間有一相關屬性，可以辨識作者的權利宣稱,17,詮釋資料架構,(,三,),Semantics,語意,Basic terms,基本用語,描述實體,、其屬性和正確值的邏輯與語意組織,Metadata elements,詮釋資料元素,每一個詮釋資料的元素可以在,詮釋資料組織字典,裡找到, element identifier,元素識別號,(iid),每一元素有一識別號,Elemet roles,元素任務,依情境扮演,:,屬性,(Attribute),、類型,(Type),、數值,(Value),18,詮釋資料架構,(,四,),Entities,實體,Different views,，,common structure,同一實體有不同的定義和描述，造成互通困難,General view,：,Percepts,認知、,Concepts,概念、,Relations,關聯,Commerce view,與描述性詮釋資料有關，如人、製造、使用、物品之相關議題,Intellectual Property,(legal) view,One model, three views,如,: John Smith,在一般角度時是,Human Being(,人,),；在商業角度時成為,Party(,團體,),；在智財權角度時視為,Legal Person (,法人,),19,詮釋資料架構,(,四,),圖例,20,詮釋資料架構,(,五,),Attributes,屬性,General attribute,一般屬性,商標、數量、品質、類型與任務,Characteristic of General attribute,一般屬性的特徵,屬性,元素,每一個名稱領域,Namespace,都要有一個數值，,如距離、面向、品質,21,詮釋資料架構,(,五,),圖例,General attribute,一般屬性,22,詮釋資料架構,(,六,),Relations,關聯,Relation types,：事件、情勢和屬性層級關聯,Relation structure,：一個關聯會處理所有一般性的屬性,Role,任務,機構任務：貢獻者的描述,輸入任務：品質、支援,輸出任務：已有實體的新定義，就交易言，是由製造來執行,情境任務：時間、地點,任務的描述：如團體角色順序、數量關係,任務與類型：任務是實體的屬性，事件與情勢描述是類型,Events,項目,項目類型：,項目大小：由語法規則定義事件則,Situation,情況,描述事件受時、地因素變化，使用到,procession(has),和,being(is),23,詮釋資料架構,(,六,),圖例,24,詮釋資料架構,(,七,),Parties,團體,機構角色扮演作者還是交易者,?,一般屬性架構,數量,(,如年紀,),品質,(,如性別,),類型,(,個人或機關組織,),商標,(,如名稱,),關聯,(,生、死、婚姻和團體關係,),25,詮釋資料架構,(,八,),Creations,創作品,Amodel of making,製作模式,Creation types,製作類型,Artefact, Manifestation, Item,and Format,加工品、作品形式、商品和格式,Expression,表現形式,Abstraction,抽象概念：,work,作品,Creation identifiers,創作品識別號,Creation qualities,創作品特質,Creation-to-creation relation roles,創作品間的關聯性,26,詮釋資料架構,(,八,),圖例,27,詮釋資料架構,(,九,),Intellectual property,智慧財產權,受保護的有：,著作權、專利和商標,實體分三類型,ipTypes,ipRight,person,28,詮釋資料架構,(,十,),IPR,Transactions,智財權交易,Overview,綜述,Integrating,rights and commerce metadata,整合權利與商業詮釋資料,iprStatement,智財權說明,Agreement,同意權,Direct attributes of agreement,協議的屬性,Agreement relations,協議相關性,permission and prohibitions,允許與限制,Requirement,需求,iprTransfer,智財權轉換,Offer,提供,29,詮釋資料架構,(,十一,),Assertion,權利聲明,30,詮釋資料架構,(,十二,),Non-textual metadata,非文字的詮釋資料,如影片、聲音等亦可用文件性的詮釋資料做規範,31,詮釋資料架構,(,十三,),Transformations,轉移,參考模式未對資料的傳遞與對應如相關技術：剖析器,Parser,、詮釋資料登錄,Metadata Registry,作說明；互通性可以參考,abc project ,。,32,詮釋資料架構,(,十四,),Framework metadata Dictionary,詮釋資料組織索引,Element names,元素名稱,Element definition,元素定義,Genealogy and syntax,元素表與定義,Generic names,通用名詞,Generic role,一般任務,Hierarchies,階層,Structure of generic labels,通用商標架構,Principle Genealogy,規則表,Other relationships,其他關係,Complex elements iid,複雜的元素識別號,Dictionary,字典,33,Framework basic metadata dictionary,This table includes all terms already defined or shown in bold type in the metadata,framework: principles, model and basic dictionary document.,iids have been provisionally allocated to elements other than those listed here (accounting for the breaks in the numbering sequence). More extensive versions of the dictionary may be published in future.,34,Data Dictionary (1/4),What is a “data dictionary”?,A set of terms, with their definitions,used in a computerized system,Some data dictionaries are structured, with terms related to other terms through,hierarchies,and,other relationships,: structured data dictionaries are derived from,ontologies,.,An ontology combines a data dictionary with a logical data model, providing,a consistent and logical world view,.,An,interoperable,data dictionary contains terms from,multiple,computerized systems or metadata schemes, and shows the relationships they have with one another in a formal way.,The purpose of an interoperable data dictionary is to support the use together of terms from different systems.,Indecs DD is structured (ontology based) and interoperable,Norman Paskin,(2004),35,Data Dictionary,(,2/4,),The dictionary model,The methodology is the one (as developed in more detail for the MPEG RDD),This has also been developed further (OntologyX),It uses the “context model” i.e.,events based,(a common ontology approach),We think of metadata as “thing” or “people” based.,static views e.g. about “creation B”,But then how do we link things, e.g. to describe rights activities?,By describing “events”; relating things and people,dynamic views e.g. “A created B”,Events description is also the key to rights metadata,all rights transactions are events,36,Data Dictionary,(3/4),Tested,iDD has a long history and is used in several major activities.,Built using methodology from the framework,Used as the basis for,DOI,data model,Used as basis for the,MPEG-21 Rights Data Dictionary,(RDD),Heavily influenced the current development of messaging systems for the publishing industry (,ONIX,) and music industry (,MI3P,).,Methodology has been validated against the W3C ontology language,OWL-DL,Methodology for constructing interoperable Data Dictionaries which underlies iDD is in use commercially (,Ontologyx,).,The International DOI Foundation (,IDF,) and,EDItEUR,intend to harmonise ONIX and DOI metadata through the use of this common data dictionary,and welcome collaboration with others adopting a similar approach,37,Data Dictionary,(4/4),38,2RDD,2 Rights Data Dictionary,R,在,2002,年提出,多媒體權利數據的字典,提供一個現成的標準術語的權利管理,根據,框架擴展,有獨特的識別標誌和家譜,具包容性，可以擴展、對應，創造自己的權利表達,語義工具允許不同數據計畫共存,為,MPEG,21,權利數據的字典的標準,39,40,參考文獻,林至勇。,Introduction of Content Protection technologies,。,Content_Protectiom_Techenologies_.ppt,王紹平、鄭巧英、孫華、黃銅、徐瑩,(2008),。信息資源基礎管理性元數據框架的數據模型，情報雜誌，,2008(3),，,93-95,。,曾婷、張成昱、姜愛蓉,(2003),。權限元數據的研究，圖書館雜誌，,22(7),，,40-45,。,歐陽崇榮,(2003),。從電子出版與電子商務看學術出版的發展，教育資料與圖書館學，,41(2),，,237-253,。,CORDIS,:,eContent,:,Strategic Studies:,MMRCS:INDECS,Green,Brian & Davies, Rob.,E-commerce tools and standards for libraries and their suppliers,.,The EXCEL Project,The 2RDD Project.,Summary,Final Report (2000),Paskin, Norman(2004).The ,Data Dictionary.IDF.,http:/,41,參考文獻,(,續,),Rights Expression Languages (Rights Data Dictionary),Rust, Godfrey & Bide, Mark( 2000 ).The metadata framework,：,Principles, model and data dictionary.,Valverde, Cristina Garca & Collado, & Rubn Cano (2003).,Digital Rights Management( 2.4 The project), 55-68.,42,