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,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,话题,1.History and geography of the USA(,美国的历史和地理,),2.Nationality and people(,国籍和民族,),3,Customs and culture(,风俗和文化,),功能,1.How to encourage others to speak(,如何鼓励别人讲话,),2.Direction and position(,方向和位置,),语法,Revise Noun Clauses (as the Subject,，,Object and Predicative)(,复习名词性从句作主语、宾语和表语的用法,),重点,单词,means,，,majority,，,despite,，,distinct,，,percentage,，,boom,，,applicant,，,customs,，,occur,，,luggage,，,grasp,，,justice,，,authority,，,apparent,，,apparently,，,slip,，,indicate,，,hire,，,nowhere,，,punishment,，,reform,重点,短语,live on,，,by means of,，,make a life,，,keep up,，,occur to sb.,，,back to back,，,team up with sb.,，,a great/good many,，,mark out,，,take in,，,apply for,重点,句型,1.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.,2,Two centuries later,，,the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States.,3,That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.,4,Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s.,1,means n,C,方法；手段,归纳拓展,(1)means,表示,“,方法，方式，手段,”,，其单复数同形。当,means,作主语且前面有,every,，,each,等修饰语时谓语动词用单数；前面有,some,，,many,，,several,，,all,等修饰语时谓语动词用复数。,(2)means,一般用于以下搭配：,by all means,尽一切办法；一定；不惜一切地；,(,用于交际英语表示答应、同意,),当然可以，没问题,by means of,用；依靠；通过,by no means/not by any means,绝不,(,置于句首时，主句用部分倒装,),by this means,用这种方法,归纳拓展,(3),与,by this means,相似的短语：,in this way, with the method,表示,“,做,的方法,”,的表述：,the means of (doing) sth.,the method of (doing) sth.,the approach to (doing) sth.,the way of/to do sth.,Can you solve the problem by this means?,你能用这种方法解决这个问题吗？,Every possible means has been tried,，,but none worked.,All possible means have been tried,，,but none worked.,各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。,Can I see it,？我可以看看吗？,By all means.,当然可以。,【,链接训练,】,Its nothing unusual to experience failure,，,and _ ought we to be so discouraged.,A,in no time,B,by all means,C,by no means D,in any condition,【,解析,】,by no means,意为,“,决不,”,，具有否定意义，放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。,in no time,意为,“,马上,”,；,by all means,“,一定，必定,”,；,in any condition,“,在任何情况下,”,，均与题意不符，故排除。,【,答案,】,C,2,majority n.,大多数；多半；大多,归纳拓展,(1)in a/the majority,占大多数,get/gain the majority,赢得多数票,have a majority over sb.,拥有多数,；战胜某人,by/with a majority of,以大多数,赢得,(2)(,反,)minority,n,少数,in the minority,占少数,(3)major,adj,.,主要的；重要的；大的,n,主修课程；专业课,v,i,.,主修,(,常构成,major in.,主修,),The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmful to health.,大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。,He won the seat with a majority of 71 votes.,他以,71,票的优势赢得了该席位。,She wants to major in English at college.,她想在大学里主修英语。,诱导展望,(1)the majority of,名词，表示,“,大多数，许多,”,，其后的谓语动词取决于,of,之后的名词。,【,链接训练,】,Dont worry about the present situation in the world,；,_ of people prefer peace to war.,A,the most B,the great part,C,the majority D,the number,【,解析,】,the majority of,名词，表示,“,大多数,”,。其后的谓语动词取决于,of,之后的名词。句意为：不要担心当今世界的形势，大多数人更热爱和平。,【,答案,】,C,3,percentage n,百分比；百分率,归纳拓展,(1)percentage,百分比，百分率，其前不用具体的数字修饰，可以被,high,，,low,等形容词修饰。,(2)percent,百分之,，相当于,“,%,”,，其前面往往用具体数字修饰。,(3),“,a percentage of,n,.,”,在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数视名词的单复数形式而定。,The unemployment percentage keeps rising in the recent financial crisis.,在最近的金融危机中，失业人口的比例不断上升。,California is a state with a high percentage of immigrants.,加利福尼亚是一个移民比例很高的城市。,Over ninety percent of my classmates have an English dictionary.,我的同学超过百分之九十都有一本英语词典。,【,链接训练,】,A large_of the hotels income_from the visitors to the lake nearby.,A,percentage,；,are B,percentage,；,is,C,percent,；,are D,percent,；,is,【,解析,】,a percentage of,n,.,在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词的单复数，,income,是不可数名词，故谓语动词应用,is,，排除,A,项；,percent,前面往往用具体数字修饰，故排除,C,、,D,两项。,【,答案,】,B,An idea occurred to me.,我突然想到一个主意。,It didnt occur to her to ask for help.,她没想到请别人帮忙。,A fantastic mud,rock flow occurred in Zhouqu of Gansu on August 7th,2010.,2010,年,8,月,7,日，甘肃省舟曲县发生了特大泥石流灾害。,It occurred to me that I had seen the person somewhere before.,我想起以前在什么地方见过这个人。,【,链接训练,】,Why are you so late?,I was in half the way when it _ to me that I had left my notebook home,，,so I had to fetch it.,A,occurred,B,hit,C,happened,D,reminded,【,解析,】,it occurred to sb.that.,意为,“,某人突然想起,”,。答句句意为：我在半路突然想起我把笔记本忘在家里，所以只好回去取。,【,答案,】,A,She couldnt remember names of her college classmates,，,but his name frequently _ to her memory.,A,happened B,occurred,C,struck D,compared,【,解析,】,happen to,意为,“,碰巧发生,”,；,occur to,意为,“,突然想起；浮现,”,；,strike,意为,“,突然想到，一下子想起,”,时，后面直接跟宾语；,compare to,意为,“,比作,”,。,【,答案,】,B,5,indicate vt.,指出；标出；表明；暗示,归纳拓展,(1)indicate sth.to sb.,向某人指出某物,indicate that.,示意，表明,(2)indication,n,.,指示；象征，表明；表示某种意思的言语、姿势、记号等,indication of (doing) sth.,indication as to sth./that,的迹象,(3)indicator,n,指示信号；指示者；标志,traffic indicator(,汽车等的,),方向灯,With a nod of his head he indicated to me where I should sit.,他点头示意我应坐的地方。,The minister has indicated that he may resign next year.,该总理已示意他明年可能辞职。,A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.,红色的夜空往往预示第二天天气晴朗。,They gave no indication of how the work should be done.,他们根本没说明这项工作该怎么做。,【,链接训练,】,A flashing red light _ that a stretch of road was under repair.,A,indicated B,suggested,C,symbolized D,represented,【,解析,】,句意为：闪烁的红灯表示前边一段路正在修复中。,indicate,意为,“,表明，指示,”,，指文字、符号及标志所表示的简明意思。,suggest,意为,“,暗示，建议,”,；,symbolize,意为,“,象征,”,，指抽象象征概念；,represent,意为,“,作为一群人的代表，作为,的发言人,”,。,【,答案,】,A,1,make a life,习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生,归纳拓展,make a living,earn ones living,谋生,live/lead a,.life,过着,的生活,come to life,突然苏醒；突然开始工作，变得活跃起来,come back to life,苏醒过来，恢复生气,full of life,充满生气,start/make a new life,开始新生活,to the life,栩栩如生，逼真,He got used to making a life in the university very soon.,他很快就适应了大学新生活。,Many young people are going to big cities to make a life for themselves.,许多年轻人都去大城市里谋生。,It was not long before he came to life.,不久他就苏醒过来了。,【,链接训练,】,In order to _ in the new environment,，,he tried to get on well with the local people and learn from them.,A,make his way B,make a life,C,make progress D,make sense,【,解析,】,句意为：为了适应新的环境，他努力和当地人搞好关系，并向他们学习。,make a life,“,习惯于新的生活方式,工作等,”,，符合题意。,make ones way,“,向前,”,；,make progress,“,进步,”,；,make sense,“,讲得通，明白,”,。,【,答案,】,B,2,keep up,坚持；维持；沿袭,(,风俗、传统等,),；继续；持续,归纳拓展,keep up with,赶上,；与,同步前进,keep(on) doing sth.,继续、重复做某事,keep on,继续,(,进行,)(,后面常接动词的,ing,形式,),keep.from,阻止；使免于,keep off,远离；不接近,keep out of.(,使,),在外,keep to sth.,遵守；信守,I hope the fine weather will keep up.,我希望好天气能保持下去。,The rain kept up for two days and the roads were flooded.,雨持续了两天，路面积水成灾。,We keep on working in the field in spite of the rain.,尽管下雨，我们还是坚持在地里劳动。,Keep off the grass!,勿踏草坪！,【,链接训练,】,Environmental groups intend to _ the pressure until the government changes the law.,A,keep up B,make up,C,pick up D,bring up,【,解析,】,考查动词短语辨析。,keep up,“,保持,”,；,make up,“,编造,”,；,pick up,“,捡起,”,；,bring up,“,抚养,”,；由句意可知,A,项为正确答案。,【,答案,】,A,She is the kind of woman who can always _ the changes in fashion.,A,keep it up B,keep up with,C,keep D,catch up,【,解析,】,keep up with,意思是,“,跟上；赶上,”,；,keep it up,意为,“,保持优秀成绩；继续干下去,”,；,catch up,后加,with,，意为,“,赶上,”,。句意为：她是那种总是能够紧跟时尚潮流的女人。,【,答案,】,B,3,mark out,划线；标出,的界线,归纳拓展,(1)mark sth.with sth.,用,作记号,mark sth.on sth.,在,上作记号,mark papers(,给试卷,),打分数,/down,给某人考试成绩加分,/,减分,/down,加,/,减某物的价格,(2)mark,n,痕迹；分数；记号,get a high,/low mark,得高,/,低分,top,/full marks,最高,/,满分,They marked out a tennis court on the lawn.,他们在草坪上画了个网球场。,Joes boxes were marked with a blue triangle.,乔的箱子上都画着一个蓝色的三角形。,His job is to mark lines on roads.,他的工作是在道路上画标记。,All goods have been marked down by 15%.,所有的商品都打八五折。,If we mark him up a tiny bit,，,hell just get through.,如果我们给他稍微加点分，他就能勉强及格。,【,链接训练,】,_ with numbers,，,the books are easy to find.,A,Marked B,Marking,C,Being marked D,To mark,【,解析,】,句意为：因为标有号码，这些书很容易找到。,marked with numbers,是过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。,C,项表示被动且动作正在进行，不符合题意。,【,答案,】,A,4,take in,接受；接纳；欺骗；吸收；理解；领会,归纳拓展,take after (,外貌或行为,),像父亲或母亲,take away,拿走；使离开；消除,(,病痛等,),take for(,错,),当作；,(,误,),以为,take off,脱下；,(,飞机等,),起飞；突然大受欢迎，迅速流行,take on,雇用；呈现；具有,take over,接管；接收,take up,继续；占用,(,时间,/,空间,),；开始做，开始从事,There she was taken in by an aged couple.,在那儿她被一对老夫妇收留。,Dont let yourself be taken in by his tricks.,不要被他的花招蒙骗。,The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught.,学生们发现很容易就能明白老师教的内容。,This kind of cloth takes in water easily.,这种面料易吸水。,【,链接训练,】,Lets go out and _ the fresh air.,A,take up B,take off,C,take in D,take over,【,解析,】,考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我们出去呼吸一下新鲜空气吧。,take in,“,吸收；欺骗；改小,”,，在此题中是,“,吸收,”,的意思。,take up,“,占据，开始从事,”,；,take off,“,脱掉,(,衣帽,),；,(,飞机,),起飞,”,；,take over,“,接管,”,。,【,答案,】,C,Some false advertisements are taking the countryside women as their targets, because they are easy to _.,A,take in B,take on,C,take over D,take up,【,解析,】,句意为：一些虚假广告现将一些农村妇女作为他们的目标 ，因为她们比较容易上当受骗。,take in,“,吸引；欺骗；包括,”,，在此用作,“,欺骗,”,。,take on,“,呈现,”,；,take over,“,接管,”,；,take up,“,占据，开始从事,”,。,【,答案,】,A,5,a great many (,a good many),许多的，大量的,a great,/good many,many,a great/,large/good number of,n,.(,pl,.),诱导展望,a great many,后跟,of,时，必须是在其修饰的复数名词前有,these,/those/,the/ones,等限定词或代词的情况下，若没有上述词语，则直接修饰复数名词。,Phillip found that there were a great/good many people already there.,菲利普发现那儿已经有很多人了。,It seems that a great/good many of them are out of work now.,似乎他们中的许多人现在都失业了。,A large number of students like reading English novels.,大量的学生喜欢读英文小说。,【,链接训练,】,_ the buildings were knocked down in the earthquake in Yushu.,A,A great many B,A number of,C,A great many of D,A great deal of,【,解析,】,a great many,后加,of,时，所修饰的名词复数前需加,the,，,these,，,those,，,ones,等限定词；而,a great many,和,a number of,后接可数名词复数，不可以加上限定词；,a great deal of,修饰不可数名词。,【,答案,】,C,There are _ beautiful coats and I dont know which to choose.Which of following is wrong?,A,a great many of B,a great many,C,lots of D,plenty of,【,解析,】,a great many,后直接接可数名词，,lots of,和,plenty of,既可接可数名词又可接不可数名词，由,coats,可知，,B,、,C,、,D,三项皆可。,a great many,后加,of,时，复数名词前需加,the,，,these,，,those,，,ones,等限定词。,【,答案,】,A,6,That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.,这就是今天有超过,40%,的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。,句中的,why,引导的是表语从句，注意以下句式区别：,归纳拓展,(1)Thats why.,这就是为什么,(why,从句表示结果,),(2)Thats because.,这是因为,(because,从句表示原因,),(3)The reason why.is/was that.,的原因是,(,表语从句常用,that,引导，而不用,because),Tom came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.,汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。,Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.,汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。,The reason why Tome came late for the meeting was that he was ill.,汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。,【,链接训练,】,The reason _ death was feared was _ no man could experience it twice.,A,why,；,that B,why,；,because,C,why,；,why D,because,；,that,【,解析,】,空一考查定语从句，先行词是,the reason,，要用关系副词,why,引导且在从句中作原因状语；空二是表语从句，,The reason why. is/way that.,“,的原因是,”,(,表语从句常用,that,引导，而不用,because),。句意为：人们害怕死亡的原因是没有人能经历两次。,【,答案,】,A,复习名词性从句作主语、宾语和表语,名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的独立分句。根据其在句中的作用,(,充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语,),可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种名词性从句。,一、主语从句,主语从句在复合句中作主语，它的位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同。由于主语从句放在句首令句子显得笨重，为使整个句子布局灵活、美观，多用,it,作形式主语，把主语从句移至主句之后。当主句是疑问句或感叹句时，则必须用,it,作形式主语。,二、宾语从句,宾语从句在句中作动词或介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连词与引导主语从句的连词基本相同。,1,在复习宾语从句时，要注意以下几点：,(1),从句虽然有疑问意义，但要用主语在前，谓语在后的陈述语序。,(2),注意主从句时态的相应变化。当主句是现在时的时候，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态；当主句是过去时的时候，宾语从句要用过去时态；当从句是客观真理时，不受主句时态限制。,(3),从句用连接词,that,连接时，,that,可省略，其他带有疑问意义的连接词不能省略。连接代词,who,，,what,在从句中作主语、表语和宾语；连接副词,when,，,why,，,where,，,how,在从句中作状语，表示时间、原因、地点及方式。,2,(1),常见的可以接宾语从句的动词有：,see,，,say,，,know,，,imagine,，,discover,，,believe,，,tell,，,consider,，,think,，,show,等。,(2),某些形容词以及过去分词后也可以接宾语从句，如,sure,，,glad,，,certain,，,pleased,，,happy,，,afraid,，,surprised,，,satisfied,，,angry,等。,Im not sure where she lives.,我不敢肯定她住哪里。,Please tell me whether you like the yellow coat or not.,请告诉我你是否喜欢这件黄色的外套。,诱导展望,(1),在,think,/suppose/,believe,/expect/,imagine,/fancy/,say,等动词后跟作关联词用的疑问词引导的宾语从句时，习惯上该疑问词要转移到主句之前；还要注意这些动词引导的宾语从句表达否定概念时要转移成否定主句。,Who do you suppose will win first prize?,你认为谁会获得一等奖？,I dont believe that he will come.,我相信他不会来。,(2),若谓语动词为,hope,时，宾语从句的否定词不转移。,I hope you werent ill.,我想你没有生病吧。,(3),将,seem,，,appear,等动词后的从句否定转移到前面。,It doesnt seem that they have known the secret.,看来他们还不知道这个秘密。,三、表语从句,在复合句中用作表语的从句就是表语从句。,对表语从句我们要注意以下几点：,1,表语从句的引导词有连接词,that,，,whether,，,as,，,as if/though,；连接代词,who,，,what,，,which,；连接副词,when,，,where,，,why,，,how,等。,It looks as if it will rain.,天看起来好像要下雨。,2,表语从句中，即使从句有疑问意义，从句的语序也要用陈述语序。,That is why he went to America.,那就是他去美国的原因。,3,在表达,“,是否,”,这一概念时，表语从句要用,whether,引导，不用,if,。,4,主语是,reason,时，表语从句要用,that,作引导词，一般不用,because,。,The reason why he was late was that he didnt catch the early bus.,他迟到的原因是没赶上早班车。,诱导展望,where,，,why,，,because,，,how,等词引导的从句常作,This is.,或,That is.,的表语，表示地点、原因、方式等。,This is why I am here.,这就是我在这儿的原因。,【,链接训练,】,As is known to all,，,_ Yang Liwei has become a space hero is _ we have expected.,A,that,；,which B,what,；,that,C,what,；,which D,that,；,what,【,解析,】,句意为：众所周知，杨利伟成为太空英雄是我们所期待的。第一个从句是,that,引导的主语从句，,that,在从句中不作成分但不能省略；第二个从句是表语从句，其中,expect,后缺少宾语，故用,what,引导，答案选,D,。,【,答案,】,D,He hopes his daughters can do _ job suits their interests and personalities.,A,whose B,whatever,C,whichever D,no matter what,【,解析,】,whatever,引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作定语，意为,“,无论怎样的,”,；而,whichever,是有范围限制的，不合题意；,no matter what,只能引导让步状语从句。,【,答案,】,B,Does it matter much _ the manager wont attend the meeting here tomorrow?,I have no idea.,A,where B,what C,when D,that,【,解析,】,考查主语从句的用法。本句真正的主语是,that,从句，,it,作形式主语。,【,答案,】,D,You know,，,in some countries,，,_ are called,“,public schools,”,are not owned by the public.,A,which B,as,C,what D,that,【,解析,】,考查主语从句的用法。此处选择,what,来引导主语从句，相当于,the schools that,。,【,答案,】,C,
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