医学英语的规律

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Medical Terminology,Introduction,杨秀玲,Laryngopharyngectomy,Laryngotracheobronchitis,Thrombopoiesis,Arteriectasia;,Angiochondroma,Dysmenorrhea,词素(,morpheme),词根(,root)：,词的基础,前缀(,prefix)：,词根之前,后缀(,suffix):,词根之后，构成新的词类,组合元音(,combining vowel),Example,Endo/,crin,/o/logy,suffix,prefix,root,Combining form,Combining vowel,词根和词义,词根,意义,词根,意义,hyster,ov,thromb,rhin,men,oste,uterus,clot,Menstruation,egg,nose,bone,前缀,表示无，非的前缀：,a,an,表示离开的：,ab;abnormal,abapical,其他的还有：,ant,anti,de,dis,il,im,in,ir,基数词：,uni-,bi,di,tri,quadra,hex,大的：,giga-,giganto-,mega-,macro,超过的：,hyper,over,super,ultra,小的，不足：,hypo,micro-,oligo-,sub,后缀,意 义,-,sis,Process,state of(,过程，状态),-,plasty,Surgical reshaping of repair(,成形术),ectomy,Excision,process of cutting out(,切除术),-,rrhea,Flow,discharge(,溢出，流出),-,stasis,Arresting(,固定，停滞，郁滞),后缀,意义,例词,-ia,condition,anemia,-,itis,inflammation,hepatitis,-,osis,Condition usually abnormal or pathological,sclerosis,-,oma,Swelling,tumor,sarcoma,-,ism,先前状态所致的结果,embolism,组合元音,包括：,o,I,e,a,规律,1.,一个单词往往不只一个词根,2,.,一个单词不一定以前缀开头，也不一定以后缀结尾,3.,词根与词根相连时，该词根一般保留其组合元音；词根与以元音开头的后缀相连时，则去掉组合元音。,Laryng-o-pharyng-ectomy,Laryng-o-trache-o-bronch-itis,Thromb-o-poiesis,Arteri-ectasia;,Angi-o-chondr-oma,Dys-men-o-rrhea,喉咽切除术,喉气管支气管炎,血管软骨瘤,医学英语发音特点,词的重读特点,医学词汇一般遵循拉丁词汇的重读体系,1 重音永不在最后一个音节,2 如果倒数第二个音是长音，重读在该音节上：,thrombopoi-,esis,acid,-osis,laryngotracheobronch-,itis,hyster,oma,hydroph,obia,dysmeno,rrhea,3.如果倒数第二个音节是短音，重读音节在倒数第三个音节上。,Oviduct/,5,EuvidQkt/,4.,有时倒数第二个音节变短，则重读音前移或者维持词根重音。,Abdomen,/AbdEmEn/EbdEumEn/,osteoclast/,5CstiEklB:st,/.,一个医学术语一般只有一个主重音，但可有一个或几个次重音,破骨细胞,发音,特点,医学英语的词汇按英语发音，应避免发音拉丁化。,1不发音的字母：（,the silent letter）,词首的,p,或,g+,辅音字母时，,p,g,常不发音，,ptosis,/,tEusis,/,下垂，,gnathitis,/neiWaitis,/,词首为,rh,时，,h,不发音，如,rhinal,词首的,x,发,z/,如,xanthine,/zAnWin/,黄嘌呤，但,x,不在词首时仍发,ks/,axilla,/,Ak5silE,/,Graphy and graph,radiography,/reIdI5RrEfI,/,n.,放射照相术,放射线摄影,radiograph,/reidiEurB:f,/,放射照片,X,线照片,放射照相,tomography,/tE5mCrEfi/,x,线体层照相术,x,线断层术,体层摄影术,断层摄影术,tomograph/,tEumErB:f,/X,线体层照相机,X,线断层照相机,ultrasonography,/7QltrEsE5nCrEfi/,医超声波检查法,超声波扫描术,ultrasonograph,/7QltrE5sCnE7rB:f/,Electrocardiograph,/I7lektrEJ5kB:dIEJrB:f/,Electrocardiography,/I7lektrEJ7kB:dI5CrB:fi/,词根重音,找出词中某些不发音的字母,1.dyspepsia 2.,p,seudopod,3.,diagnosis,4.proptosis,5.Gnathalgia 6.rheumatic,7.,ptomaine 8.apnea,9.,thrombosis 10.pneumatoscope,口腔听诊器,乳突诊察器,呼吸暂停,尸碱,;,医学单词的拼写特点：,有些组合形式与其代表的物体的名称有时拼写上两者有差异。,缩短形式：单词经过一段时间的使用后，人们为了易于发音或避免重复，将词中某元音或辅音或二者均省略。,Appendicectomyappendectomy;megagastria megastria,连字号的使用：当前缀或词根与另一个词根相连接时，该前缀或词根结尾的元音与另一词根开始的元音相同时，常用连字号。如,multi-infection,para-appendicitis,然而目前有省略连字号的趋势。,写出下列医学术语的短缩形式，并译成汉语：,1.,tonsil,lo,lith 2.Arteri,i,tis,3.api,co,ectomy 4.top,o,algia,5.hyper,a,esthesia 6.f,o,etus,7,zygotoblast 8,blast,o,coele,homework,9.alveololingual,10,varicocele,11,chromatosome,12.Chromatophobia,13.meiosis,14.corticosuprarenaloma,15.oophororrhaphy,answer,1.,tonsillolith tonsillith,tonsolith,2.arter,i,itis arteritis,3.ap,(ico),ectomy apectomy,4.top,(o),algia topalgia,5.hyper,(a),esthesia hyperesthesia,6.fo,(e),tus fetus,7,zygo,(to),blast-zygoblast,8,blastoc,(o),ele-blastocele,9,alveo,lo,lingual-alveolingual,10,varico,ce,le-varicole,11,chrom,at,osome-chromosome,12.chroma,to,phobia-chromophobia,13.m,e,iosismiosis,14.corticosupraren,al,oma-corticosuprarenoma,15.oophor,orrh,aphy-oophoraphy,1,.,变词尾,-,a,为,-ae axilla-axillae,2.,变词尾,-is,为,-,es,diagnosisdiagnoses,3.,变词尾,-ix,为,-ices appendix-Appendices,4.,变词尾,-ex,为,-ices codex-codices,5.,变词尾,-um,为,-a bacteriumbacteria,医学名词的复数,6.,变词尾,-on,为,-a protozoon-protozoa,7,变词尾,-us,为,-I,fundus-fundi,8.,变词尾,-ma,为,-mata edema-edemata,9.,变词尾,-o,为,-I tempotempi,10.,某些来自法语以,-s,或,-x,结尾的名词，单复数同形,