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语 法 填 空 2018年全国卷 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 _ (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62 _(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 _(die) early by running. dyingto see longer While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64 _ (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 _ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67_ (cause). causeswhich/that than is The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwiseits probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 _ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 69 _ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 _ a try. itenergetic strengthen 本文讲一份医学杂志上的一篇评论文章，根据调查，跑步有许多益处。61. longer 由than可知要用比较级。跑步者较不跑步者多活三年。62. to see 作目的状语用不定式。63. dying 在介词后用动名词。顺便提提，虽然也可用名词death作宾语，但有副词early修饰，所以只能用动名词dying。64. is 一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数。65. than 由前面的more effective可知，是比较级，用than连接比较对象。 66. which/that 先行词是a study，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that。67. causes 由前面的all可知用复数。68. strengthen 表示目的的不定式，“to +动词原形”。69. energetic 作表语要用形容词，表示“精力旺盛的,充满活力的”。70. it 作间接宾语，作宾语用代词，代替前文的running，用it。当然直接填running也可以。 2018年全国卷 Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 _ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 63 _ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. actually actuallyhas grown Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 _(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 _ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 _(pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 _ (globe) fertilizer consumption. globalpollution thanto improve The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 68 _ (start) a soil-testing program 69 _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70 _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele.feeding which /thatstarted 中国饮食的变化，所种作物也在变化。玉米的种植增长了许多，而水稻种得增长慢，并分析了其中的原因。另外，还谈到化肥的使用上中国政府给农民具体指导，大大减少了用量，有利环境保护，也给世界公民或政策制订者提供了中国方案。61. has grown 根据时间状语Since 2011和下句谓语动词时态的提示可知，用现在完成时。62. the 因over /in the past few years (在最近几年里)是固定短语。或特指刚刚过去的这25年里。63. actually 作状语用副词。 64. to improve 作目的状语用动词不定式。65. than 由less可知是比较级。66. pollution 作宾语用名词。67. global 作定语要用形容词。68. started 是从句的谓语，由2005可知用一般过去时。69. which /that 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是soil-testing program，用which或that。70. feeding 由其后的宾语its citizens可知, 只能是主动关系, 要用现在分词。这是“连词+分词”结构。 2018年全国卷 Im not sure 61 _ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 _ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. the which He screams the 63 _ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 _(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65 _ (challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a 66 _ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. for scientistchallenged lookingloudest No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 _(they) alive. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 _ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 _(stay) and watch. to staymeant them 作者是位研究猿猴的科学家，记叙一次偶遇大猩猩的情况。61. which 引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，由后面的me or the female gorilla，可知是选择关系，填which。62. the 特指她的肺的顶端，意为“扯开嗓子尖叫”。63. loudest 由表示范围的of all可知用最高级。64. looking 由avoid doing可知。65. challenged 指感觉到受到挑战，he与challenge(向挑战)是被动关系，用过去分词作表语。 66. scientist 在冠词a后用名词，此处是表示职业身份的名词作表语，意为“科学家”。67. for 因search for (=try to find寻找)是固定搭配。68. them 作find的宾语用其宾格。69. meant 由前后句谓语动词的时态可知，用一般过去时。70. to stay 由allow sb to do sth可知。 短 文 改 错 2018年全国卷During my last winter holiday, I went to countrysidewith my father to visit my grandparents. I find a bigchange there. The first time I went there, they wereliving in a small house with dogs, ducks, and anotheranimals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. thefoundotherthere chickens They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed. andwhere(或在which前加in)selling happy 去年寒假作者同父亲一起回乡下看望爷爷奶奶，发现与第一次回乡下相比，有了很大的变化。作者计划每两年回乡下一次，得到父母的赞同。1. 在countryside前加the 就像the same一样，通常要说the countryside，即same和countryside的前面通常要加上the。2. find改为found 由时间状语During my last winter holiday可知用一般过去时；由前后句中的went也可知，改为found后才前后时态一致。 3. another改为other 因为了another是 “另一个”其后接的名词只能是单数可数名词，而由前面的dogs, ducks及常识可知，不会是“另外一个动物”，还是“其它动物”，故改为other。4. here改为there 习惯上说come here和go there，相对于说话人来说，离自己近处叫here，离自己远处叫there。5. chicken改为chickens 由dozens of (几十, 许多)可知，其后的名词用复数。 6. which改为where (或在which前加in) 因they raised fish主谓宾齐全，而which是代词，代词是要作主语或宾语等的，which一定是错了；“他们养鱼”应是“在池塘”里养，先行词是表示地点的a small pond(小池塘)，故用作地点状语的关系副词where，或者在which前加in，in which =and in the pond。7. sell改为selling 动词在介词后作宾语，通常要用动名词，这是高考中的高频考点。 8. happily改为happy 因在系动词felt后作表语要用形容词。9. 删除every two years前的for 在today, yesterday, tomorrow, last Sunday, next month, this week, that year, every day, every two years等之类的时间状语前，习惯上不用介词。10. but改为and 因“我告诉父亲我计划每隔一年回乡下一次”与“他同意了”不是转折关系，不用but，而是顺承关系，故改为and。 Thank you !
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