话语分析法及其在语用学研究中的运用-ppt课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,*,话语分析法及其在语用学研究中的运用,南京大学 陈新仁,外国语文研究,/,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,2,目录,“话语分析”的界定,话语分析作为一种分析方法,话语分析法在语用学研究中的运用,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,3,1.,“话语分析”的界定,“话语分析”,（,discourse analysis,DA),的说法起源于上世纪五十年代。,1952,年，美国语言学家,Z.S.Harris,在,Language,杂志上发表,Discourse Analysis,一文。,“话语分析”具有“多义性”。,1,）话语分析：,研究领域,话语分析是一个发展、演变迅速的领域（,field),。该领域当前的研究源于不同的学科（,academic disciplines,），如语言学、人类学、,哲学、传播学,、认知心理学、社会心理学、人工智能等。,The,field,of discourse analysis(DA)is vast,varied and contested with traditions ranging from conversational analysis(Sacks,1995,1964-1972),to more Foucauldian inspired approaches(e.g.Kendall Fairclough,2003).,(,ORourke,B.K.An Overview of Discourse Analytical Approaches to Research.In:J.Hogan,P.Dolan and P.Donnelly(eds.),Approaches to Qualitative Research:Theory and Its Practical Application,.Cork:Oak Tree Press,2009,pp.209-228.),2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,4,话语分析可以分多种，如会话分析（,conversation analysis,CA),话语心理学（,discursive psychology,DP,）,批评话语分析（,critical discourse analysis,CDA),以及福柯派话语分析（,Foucauldian discourse analysis,FDA,）。,尽管各有不同的假定、重点、方法，但都认为意义是在交际中建构的。,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,5,2,）话语分析：,新兴学科,话语分析研究使用中的语言是一个相对较新的学科，超越句子层面研究日常语言互动。,Discourse analysis,at its simplest and most general definition,concerns the study of language in use.As such it is a relatively,new discipline,since it is only comparatively recently that the study of discourse has developed from the examination of syntax,phonology and lexis,i.e.the structure of language at sentence level,into the study of everyday written and spoken interaction.,(Julia Harrison,The structure of discussion:A discourse analytical approach to the identification of structure in the text type discussion.Dissertation,The University of Nottingham,2001,，,pp.5-6),2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,6,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,7,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,8,“话语分析不只是一种,路径,，而是一系列跨学科路径，可以用在许多不同的社会领域中探究各种问题。”,“discourse analysis is not just one,approach,but a series of,interdisciplinary approaches,that can be used to explore many different social domains in many different types of studies.”,(,Marianne J,gensen and Louise Phillips,Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method,London:SAGE Publications Ltd,2002,p.1),3,）话语分析：,研究路径,“话语分析是人文社会科学中语言转向的一部分，强调语言在社会现实建构中的作用，是传播学、社会学、社会心理学和心理学领域中主宰性或主流性研究路径之一。”,“Discourse analysis is a part of the linguistic turn in the social sciences and the humanities which emphasizes the role of language in the construction of social reality.It is one of the dominant or mainstream research,approaches,in communication,sociology,social psychology,and psychology.”(p.460),(Sanna Talja,Analyzing Qualitative Interview Data:The Discourse Analytic Method.,Library&Information Science Research,1999,21,(4):459477.),2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,9,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,10,除了上面提及的领域外，应该还包括：语言学、教育学、社会工作、人类学、认知心理学、地域研究、文化研究、国际关系、人类地理学、翻译研究等。,Discourse analysis or,discourse studies,has been taken up in a variety of social science disciplines,including linguistics,education,sociology,anthropology,social work,cognitive psychology,social psychology,area studies,cultural studies,international relations,human geography,communication studies,and translation studies.,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,11,4,）话语分析：,方法与视角,“话语分析不只是一种方法，还是一种看待语言本质及其与社会科学中核心问题关系的视角,”,Discourse analysis is not only about,method,;it is also a,perspective,on the nature of language and its relationship to the central issues of the social sciences.More specifically,we see discourse analysis as a related collection of approaches to discourse,approaches that entail not only practices of data collection and analysis,but also a set of metatheoretical and theoretical assumptions and a body of research claims and studies.,(Linda Wood and Rolf Kroger,Doing Discourse Analysis,.Sage,2000),2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,12,“目前关于话语分析的研究林林总总，以至话语差不多成了语言的同义词。”,Work in discourse analysis is now so diverse that“discourse”is almost a synonym for“language”.,(Deborah Tannen,The Handbook of Discourse Analysis.,Oxford,:,Blackwell Publishers Inc.,2001,p,.3),2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,13,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,14,学科,（课题）领域理论,视角,路径方法？,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,15,2.,话语分析作为一种分析方法,话语分析法,(,discourse-analytic approach/method,),重点从语料收集的方法转移到语料的描写、分析和阐释上,shift of attention from data-gathering methods to the methods of data description,analysis,and interpretation.,这种方法不同于一般意义上的例证法、对比法、统计法等，而是指通过分析话语的形式、结构、意义等回答特定学科的理论问题。,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,16,2.1,话语分析法的特征,（,1,）属于实证研究,(empirical),方法，语料来自真实交际。,所用分析语料是自然发生的；情境化的；具有交际意图的。,2024/10/6,Dept.of English,Nanjing University,17,the,analysis of discourse,.is typically based on the linguistic output of someone other than the analyst.More typically,the discourse analysts