operatingsystem《操作系统》ch01-introdu

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,1.,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Operating System,Instructor:Hou Mengbo(Dr.&Associate Prof.),Office:Institute of Information Security.,Specialist Building Rm.324,Software Campus,SDU,Computer Science&Technology School of ShanDong University&Software College,Course No:0303100111,O,Introduction,Textbook:,Operating System Concepts(7,th,Edition),-A.Silberschatz&P.Galvin&G.Gagne,Higher Education Press/John Wiley&Sons,Inc,Duration:,2013-2014-2(Spring Semester)17 weeks,Class hours:,Tues.,13:30-15:30pm;,Fri.,.8:00-10:00am,Q&A Time:,Tues,.,.15:30-16:30pm,Requirements for success:,Read the book in detail,Do well on the homework and experiments,Do well on the final exam,Attend class and participate,Supplements,Scope:,Chap.1-Chap.15,Slides Source:,or from me _,Reference(,Bibliographies,):,计算机操作系统 汤子赢编著 西安电子科技大学出版社出版,实用操作系统概念,Applied Operating System Concepts,Higher Education Press(English Edition),Notes:,All the slides used in this course is adopted,from the web site with some modification,and copyright belongs to the authors of this book.,Outline of the Textbook,Only 5,parts will be covered:,Overview(C1-2,),what it is/what it can do/how it designed and constructed/history,Process management(C3-7),process&concurrent,Memory management(C8-9),allocation,/,Virtual Memory,Storage management(C10-13),file system/mass storage/IO,Protection&security(C14-15),Distributed systems,special-purpose systems and others will be,omited,Cases Study,Linux/windows2000/windows XP /FreeBSD/Mach/Nachos ,omited,Chapter 1:Introduction,Chapter Objectives,To provide a grand tour of the,major operating systems components,To provide coverage of,basic computer system organization,Content Overview,What Operating Systems Do,Computer-System Organization,Computer-System Architecture,Operating-System Structure,Operating-System Operations,Process Management,Memory Management,Storage Management,Protection and Security,1.1 What Operating Systems Do,A program that acts as,an intermediary,between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.,Operating system goals:Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier.,Make the computer system,convenient,to use.,Use the computer hardware in an,efficient,manner.,Computer System Structure,Computer system can be divided into,4,components,(see Fig.below):,Hardware,provides basic computing resources,CPU,memory,I/O devices,Operating system,Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users,Application programs,define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users,Word processors,compilers,web browsers,database systems,video games,Users,People,machines,other computers,Four Components of a Computer System,Roles:Two views of Operating System,User view,ease of use/performance/resource utilization,System view,OS is a,resource allocator,Manages all resources,Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use,OS is a,control program,Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer,Operating System Definition,No universally accepted definition,“Everything a vendor ships when you order an operating system”is good approximation,But varies wildly,“The one program running at all times on the computer”is the,kernel.,Everything else is either a system program(ships with the operating system)or an application program,Our definition:Software sets:,Resource management;,Control programs;,Convenient to users;,1.2 Computer System Organization,Basic Organization,One or more CPUs,device controllers connect through common bus providing access to shared memory,Concurrent execution of CPUs and devices competing for memory cycles,Computer Startup,bootstrap program,is loaded at power-up or reboot,Typically stored in ROM or EPROM,generally known as,firmware,Initializes all aspects of system,Loads operating system kernel and starts execution,Interrupt driven,Hardware Interrupts,Software Interrupts(system call,or monitor call),Computer-System Operation,I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently.,Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type.,Each device controller has a local buffer.,CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers,I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller.,Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an,interrupt,from hardware or software.,Common Functions of Interrupts,Interrupt transfers control to the,interrupt service routine,generally,through the,interrupt vector,which contains the addresses of all the service routines.,Interrupt architecture must save the address of the interrupted instruction.,Incoming interrupts are,disabled,while another interrupt is being processed to prevent a,lost interrupt,.,A,trap,is a softwar