被动语态讲解采用版课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,被动语态（,The Passive Voice),一、运用被动语态的情景,(Situations),二、被动语态的结构与时态,(Structure and Tense),三、被动语态举例,(Examples),四、主动变被动的方法,(Method),（,单宾、双宾、复合宾语、宾语从句,）,五、没有被动语态的动词和词组,(Verbs and Phrases),六,、,Exercises,Tom,broke,the window,.,（主动语态）,The window,was broken,by Tom,.,（被动语态）,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,主动语态,被动语态,（,前者表示句子的,主语为动作的发出者,，,后者表示句子的,主语为动作的承受者,。）,从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语,Tom,在被动句中,变成了短语,by Tom,，主动句中的宾语,the window,变成了被,动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，,因此，,只有及物动词才有被动语态,。,一、运用被动语态的情景,1.,被动语态,结构：,be,+,过去分词,(,PP,)+(,by,),2.,主,动变被动应注意的情况：,1.,把,原,来的,宾语,提到前面作被动语态的,主语,;,2.,把,动词,变成“,be+,过去分词,”,;,3.,主动语态中的,主语,变为介词,by,的,宾语,。,The boy,broke,the glass,.,The glass,was broken,by,the boy,.,3.,如何从主动语态变为被动语态？,1.,主语 介词,by,宾语,2.,谓语,be+pp,3.,宾语 主语,4.,主动语态和被动语态结构对照表,时 态,主动语态,被动语态,1,一般现在时,do/does,am,/,is,/,are,+,过去分词,2,一般过去时,did,was,/,were,+,过去分词,3,一般将来时,shall/will+,动词原形,shall/will+,be,+,过去分词,4,过去将来时,would+,动词原形,would+,be,+,过去分词,5,现在进行时,am/is/are+v-ing,am/is/are+,being,+,过去分词,6,过去进行时,was/were+v-ing,was/were+,being,+,过去分词,7,现在完成时,have/has+,过去分词,have/has+,been,+,过去分词,8,过去完成时,had+,过去分词,had+,been,+,过去分词,9,含情态动词,情态动词,+,动词原形,情态动词,+,be,+,过去分词,10,、,动名词,doing,being done,11,、不定式,to do,to be done,注：,1.,被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由第一个,be,动词 助动词或情态动词,构成。,2.,人称和时态的变化体现在,be,动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。,5.,被动语态举例,The Great Wall,was built,more than 2000 years old.,A new bridge,is being built,across the Changjiang River.,The project,will,(is going to),be finished,next month.,Many trees,have been planted,around the lake.,Old people,should be taken,care of/,looked,after.,Books,cant be taken,out of the library.,7.Nobody likes,being laughed at,.,8.Nobody likes,to be laughed at,.,6.,被动语态应注意的问题,1.,可接双宾语的动词,带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前做主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加,to,或,for.,Eg:,I gave,him a book,yesterday.,-He was given a book(by me)yesterday.,-A book was given,to,him(by me)yesterday.,2.,带,to,不定式作宾语补足语的,复合宾语,ask/tell/allow/encourage/promise,sb.to do sth.,结构,：,People should allow,teenagers,to choose their own clothes.,Teenagers to choose their own clothes.,They encourage,us,to plant more trees.,We to plant more trees.,should be allowed,are encouraged,3,、接动词原形做宾补的动词变被动语态,使役动词,(let,have,make,等,),或感官动词,(see,hear,watch,等,),在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式省略,to,，改为被动语态时一定要补上,to,。,(,记忆口诀,：,“,使感动词,”,真奇怪，,to,在句中像妖怪，主动语态,to,走开，被动语态,to,回来。,”,),I heard him sing in the next room.,-He sing in the next room.,They made us do all kinds of work.,-We do all kinds of work.,.,注,：,当使用,see/hear/watch sb doing sth,时，变为被动语态时，,doing,不变。如：,I saw him going into,the,shop.(,主动,),He,was seen going into,the shop.(,被动,),was heard to,were made to,4,、,宾语从句,汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等常见的宾语从句句型。,Its said/reported/believed/that,据说,/,报道,/,认为,Its suggested that,有人建议,Its well known that,众所周知,Its hoped that,人们希望,。,eg:,It was reported that,it rained heavily in the south of China.,据报道,5,、没有被动语态的动词和词组,1.,不及物动词如,happen appear belong to;take place;break out,等无被动语态,A traffic accident _(happen)just now.,2.,连系动词无被动语态，如,feel smell look sound taste,等。,Peking Opera _(sound)beautiful,3.,表状态的动词无被动语态，如,have own,fit.,I have a bike.,4.wash,write,sell,wear,此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，,不用被动语态,常用,副词,well,easily,修饰。,The book sells well.(,这本书销路很好,),This dress washes easily.(,这衣服较好洗,),The pen writes smoothly.,（这支钢笔写起来很流畅）,5.need,demand,want(,需要）,require,be worth,等后用动名词表被动。,The desk needs repairing.,The novel is worth seeing.,注意：,need,后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。：,The desk needs repairing.,The desk needs to be repaired.,【2013,江苏常州,】This listening material,together with its CD-ROMs,_ well.,A.sells B.sell C.is sold D.are sold,【,解析,】,某些可以和,well,easily,smoothly,等副词连用的不及物动词如,read,write,wash,clean,draw,cook,sell,lock,open,等,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动含义。本句的主语为,This listening material,为第三人称单数,;sell well,意为“畅销”。句意为“这个听力材料以及它的光盘很畅销。”故选,A,。,中考链接,【2013,河南,】Excuse me.Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself.,Sorry.The book you ask for_ out.,A.is selling B.is sold,C.was selling D.will be sold,【,解析,】,主语,the book,和动词,sell,构成被动关系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。答语句意“对不起，你要的书已售完”。故选,B,。,【2013,广西南宁,】Han Hans books are popular.They _ by many teenagers.,A.is read B.was read,C.are read D.were read,【,解析,】,由上句可知韩寒的书很受欢迎，用一般现在时；主语,they,是复数形式，故答案选,C,项。,【2013,湖北宜昌,】At present,one of the best ways to study is working in groups.,More chances _ to students to learn from each other.,A.offer B.are offered,C.have offered D.are offering,【,解析,】,句子大意为“小组学习为学生提供了更多相互学习的机会”。“机会”和“提供”之间存在被动关系，须用被动语态。四个选项中，只有,are offered,为被动语态。故选,B,。,【2013,湖北襄阳,】Didnt you see the sign“No Parking!”on the right?,Sorry,I didnt.But now I know parking _ here.,A.wasnt allowed B.isnt allowed,C.wont allow D.doesnt allow,【,解析,】,由上句中的“,No Parking!”,可知，停车不被允许，根据时间状语,now,可知，考察一般现在时态的被动语态，故选,B,。,【2013,广东梅州,】The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school.,A.is taken B.are taken,C.take D.takes,【,解析,】,主语,the child,与动词短语,take care of,之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选,A,。,【2013,浙江宁波,】Have you finished your project?,Not yet.Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes.,A.give B.am given,C.will give D.will be given,【,解析,】,句意“如果再给我十分钟我会完成它”，主语与动词,give,