短篇对话(精品)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Listening,Part Two,Passage Listening,短文听力解题技巧,四级中的短文听力主要考查考生对语音及常用词汇、语法等基础知识的熟悉程度和分析、推理和判断等综合能力,相当于听力中的,阅读理解,。从语言和内容方面看,短文听力虽然没有阅读理解难度大,但由于听力的,瞬间性,即我们只能在听的同时去理解而见不到文本,因此对考生来说有相当难度。然而,短文听力的命题和解题都有一定的规律可循,下面我们将分别讲解。,一、首先要浏览问题,根据问题推测短文大意,并带着问题去听,以便抓住有效信息；其次要边听边记录。记录并不是要把每句话都记录下来,而是把和问题相关的信息点记下来。在听的过程中要特别注意文章开头的几句,(,尤其是首句,),这几句很可能是提纲挈领的句子,文章末句也经常是考点。,一、注意观察选项,：,常用同义词或词组表达原文含义。,换不同表达方式表达同样的意思。,选项表达与原文相反，但意思一样。,二、短文听力题型分析,1.,短文听力题大致可分为三类,1).,主旨题,这类题目考查对文章主旨大意的理解,常见的提问方式有,:,What is the main idea of the passage?,What can we learn from this passage?,What is the best title for this passage?,What is the passage mainly about?,；,二、短文听力题型分析,2,）是事实细节题,这类题目考查对文章细节的理解,常见于记叙文,常用提问词包括,what, when, how, where,等；,3,）是推理判断题,这类题目是根据文章所给的内容进行推理,常见的提问方式有,:,What is the speaker most concerned about?,How does the writer feel about.?,What can we infer from the passage?,等。,三、熟悉短文听力的提问方式,短文听力的提问方式有最常见的有以下,4,种类型。,1.,中心思想题。这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。常见的提问方式有：,What is the main idea of the passage?,What can we learn from this passage?,What is the best title for this passage?,What is the passage mainly about?,（相同主旨题,）,这类问题主要是测试文章的主题思想。从,3,个方面把握。,1,，从选项入手，选项中出现的多次重复的词汇或同一类词汇一定是中心词（,key word,）,。因包含有这类词汇的选项能较好地体现中心思想。,2,，从短文入手，听好短文的,开头和结尾,。开头前两句尤其是开头的名词，选答案时要优先考虑有该名词的选项。因为四级听力短文一般会开门见山，把中心思想置于文章的开头。,3,，从短文后面的问题入手，同样也可以提供中心词的线索。,2.,事实细节题,所考察的细节包括具体时间、地点、主要人物或事件、各种数字等，问题一般为,wh,-question,的形式。,这类题要求我们听到文中出现时间、数字时一定要特别敏感，及时做好笔记；另外，文中一旦出现以因果连词,(,如,because, so, due to,等,),和转折连词,(,如,but, however, though,等,),引导的句子也要格外留心，这些地方往往就是考点。,3.,对错判断题,这类题常用以下提问方式：,Which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage?,Which of the following is not mentioned?,等,听到这类题时，一定要听清提问，对于有没有,not,一词要弄清楚。一般情况下，,not,一词会重读。,4.,推理推测题,多数推断题与每段的大意或短文的中心思想有关，因此要注意文章中间和结尾总结性的话，特别是每部分的最后一句话。我们要对这些信息进行分析推断，才能作出正确的选择。,提问方式有：,What can be infer from the passage?,What does the speaker think about the problem.?,What does the speaker most concerned about?,How does the writer feel about.?,等。,做这类题时一定要注意与短文内容一样的不是推断，而且一定要根据短文的观点而不是根据自己的观点来推断。,四、,短文听力解题思路,1.,听即原则：,所听即所得，听到什么就选什么（正好与短对话相反，短对话时听到的一般不选）,2.,重读原则：,某单词被反复读到或是在语音上加以重读，因引起重视如果选项中出现很可能是正确答案,3.,顺序原则：,出题顺序一般与行文顺序相同除了主题题和部分说明文,4.,主题原则：,主题一般出现在段落的头尾部分，所以要集中精力听清前三句话和最后两句话,5.,原因原则：,凡出现表示原因，目的的很有可能是考点如：,because ,so, as,等词前后要着重听,6.,转则原则：,凡出现表示转则的词如：,but, however, yet,等，后面的句子往往是考点，要引起重视,7.,光明原则：,事情一般都是向着好的方面发展的，主人公多数是大难不死的，事情总是逢凶化吉，绝处逢生的,五、,8,大 解题技巧,技巧,1,听到什么选什么,技巧,2,注意听短文开头处信息,技巧,3,注意听短文结尾处信息,技巧,4,留意举例及类比处,技巧,5,留意并列,/,转折,/,因果关系及强调处,技巧,6,关注年份,/,年龄,/,价钱,/,时间等数字处,技巧,7,关注形容词,/,副词比较级与最高级处,技巧,8,注意特殊疑问句,/,反问句或其它强调句式处,技巧,1,听到什么选什么,短文听力考试对细节的考查占了很大的比重。而短文听力与短对话有所不同，正确选项常常是可以直接从原文获取的。因此，在只听到部分录音内容的情况下，听到什么选什么不失为一个号的救急窍门。,技巧,1,听到什么选什么,2010,年,6,月,26,题,A) District managers.,B) Regular customers.,C) Sales directors.,D) Senior clerks.,答案选,: A,【,例,1】As the new sales director for a national computer firm,Alex Gordon was looking forward to his first meeting with the companys district managers,Q: Who did Alex Gordon speak to at the first meeting?,【,解析,】,选,A,。短文一开始就提到,Alex Gordon,期待与公司区域经理的第一次会议，因此答案为,A,。本题可“听到什么选什么”，,A,的内容就是录音的原词。,Example 2,2009,年,12,月,31,题,A,）,It lacks the stability of the printed word.,B) It contains many grammatical errors.,C) It is heavily dependent on the context.,D) It facilitates interpersonal communication.,答案选,A,Dr. Meyers listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge,because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word,. Oral communication is fast moving and impermanent.,Q: What does the speaker say about human speech?,【,解析,】,选,A,。录音提到人类口头语言的弊端是：缺乏书面文字的稳定性和持久性。,A,中的,lacks the stability,是其中的一个弊端，故为答案。本题“听到什么选什么”即可正确答题。,技巧,2,注意听短文开头处信息,与长对话相似，短文听力文章常常开篇就切入话题，这常常可能成为出题人的出题点。注意听短文开头处的信息，常常有利于解题。 。,技巧,2,注意听短文开头处信息,209,年,6,月,32,题,A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.,B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.,C) Its hard for them to get along with other kids,D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.,In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor.,For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere,Q: Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?,【,解析,】,选,A,。短文开头就提到了原因，即这些孩子生活在一种很不真实的环境（,an unreal atmosphere,）当中。故答案是,A,。,技巧,3,注意听短文结尾处信息,与开头处相似，短文结尾处也常设考点。通过分析可知，短文结尾处所设置的考题通常是细节题或推断题，留意听这个地方的细节有助于解题。,技巧,3,注意听短文结尾处信息,2009,年,12,月,28,题,A) Light is not an essential element to it.,B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.,C) Every form of life undergoes evolution.,D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.,You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now,places have been found on earth that are in total blackness,such as caves several miles beneath the surface,and bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in,Europas,subsurface ocean doesnt automatically rule out life forming.,Q: What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?,【,解析,】,选,A,。录音结尾提到，科学家直到最近还以为光线是形成生命所必需的，而随后提到了地球上没有光线也有生命存在的这个例子，由此可知本题答案是,A,。,技巧,4,留意举例及类比处,短文听力中有时候会出现,for example,，,for instance,，,firstly,，,secondly,，,thirdly,，,the first,，,the second,，,first,，,next,，,etc.,等表示举例及类比的表达。听到这些表达时，记得要竖起耳朵，因此出题人常常会在此设题。,技巧,4,留意举例及类比处,2007,年,6,月,34,题,A) By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.,B) By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms.,C) By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.,D) By performing a special skill at the entrance.,During the early 1930s, officials of the fair ruled that the people could attend by paying with something other than money,For example, farmers brought a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket,Q: How did some farmers gain entrance to the fair in the early 1930s,【,解析,】,选,C,。短文明确提到，在,20,世纪,30,年代初，农贸市场的官员规定，人们可以用物而不是钱来换入场门票。本题考查的正是,For example,带出来的例证内容：农民可以用一袋谷子换门票。所以,C,正确。,技巧,5,留意并列,/,转折,/,因果关系及强调处,短文听力中有时会出现如,not onlybut also, because, so, since, but, however, the only,等表示并列、转折、因果关系及强调的表达。听到这些表达，也需要提高警惕，这里通常也是考点。,技巧,5,留意并列,/,转折,/,因果关系及强调处,2009,年,6,月,34,题,A) She wants Amanda to get professional care.,B) She has no experience in raising children.,C) She wants to show off her wealth.,D) She has no time to do it herself.,Parents buy care and attention for their children because they have no time to give it themselves,. Amandas mother employs a personal trainer, a bodyguard, a singing coach and a counselor to look after all her 15-year-old daughters needs,Q: Why does Amandas mother employ other people to look after her needs?,【,解析,】,选,D,。在具体谈到,Amanda,的例子之前，短文先提到了一点：父母花钱雇人照顾孩子是因为他们没有时间亲自做这些事情（,because,引出原因）。,Amanda,的例子是为了验证这个观点服务的，即,Amanda,妈妈请其他人照顾,Amanda,是因为自己没有时间这样做，故,D,正确。,技巧,6,关注年份,/,年龄,/,价钱,/,时间等数字处,短文听力中有时会出现年份、年龄、价钱、时间等数字。这些数字出现的地方有时会成为考点，因而对有数字出现的地方，也需关注。,技巧,6,关注年份,/,年龄,/,价钱,/,时间等数字处,2007,年,12,月,30,题,A) He suffered from mental illness,B) He bought The Washington Post.,C) He turned a failing newspaper into a success.,D) He was once a reporter for a major newspaper.,Katharine Graham graduated from the University of Chicago in 1938 and got a job as a news reporter in San Francisco. Katharines father used to be a successful investment banker. In 1933 he bought a failing newspaperThe Washington Post,Q: What do we learn from the passage about Katharines father?,【,解析,】,选,B,短文说，,Katharine,的父亲于,1933,年买下了陷入困境的,华盛顿邮报,。故,B,正确。数字出现处出题。,技巧,7,关注形容词,/,副词比较级与最高级处,短文中形容词,/,副词比较级与最高级内容出现的前后，常常可以拿来出题。因此，听录音时，应留意短文中出现形容词,/,副词比较级与最高级的地方，分清楚比较级与最高级对比的内容、范围、程度等。,技巧,7,关注形容词,/,副词比较级与最高级处,2009,年,12,月,35,题,A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.,B) They concern a small number of people only.,C ) the are arbitrarily set by the administrators.,D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.,Many people now talk about the importance of a companys shared values or culture, with which all the staff can identify: for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best , the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field.,Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets, which ultimately only concern a few people,Q: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?,【,解析,】,选,B,。录音在谈到公司价值观的时候，说价值观相比财务指标更能激励员工，因为财务指标基本上只涉及小部分人。因此选,B,。对比或比较处常考，当听到,more likelythan,时应特别留意。,技巧,8,注意特殊疑问句,/,反问句或其它强调句式处,对于考点位于特殊疑问句、反问句或强调句式处的考题，其考查重点常常是这些特殊表达结构表达的含义。只要能准确理解这些结构所表达的含义，则通常不难得出准确答案。,技巧,8,注意特殊疑问句,/,反问句或其它强调句式处,2008,年,6,月,30,题,A) His advanced age.,B) His childrens efforts.,C) His improved financial condition.,D) His second wifes positive influence.,Daddy never had very close relationships with his children and drifted even farther away from us after the divorce. Several years later, a wonderful woman came into his life and they were married,It was because of our other mother, Daddys second wife, that he became closer to his own children,Q: What brought the father closer to his own children?,【,解析,】,选,D,。录音提到，正是在父亲第二任妻子的影响下，父亲才变得和自己孩子亲近起来。此处使用了一个强调句句式（,it wasthat,），强调的内容正是父亲与孩子亲近起来的原因，故可确定应选,D,。,六、短文中的标志词,1,最高级标志词形容词、副词最高级、,most/chief / primary / main / leading / ,2,唯一级标志词,only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / ,3,因果项标志词,cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason /,其他形式的问句,/ ,4,转则项关键词,despite / in spite of / instead / while / from to / although ,（,yet,）, / not only but also / ,5,序数项标志词所有的序数词（,first , second,）,/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / ,六、短文中的标志词,6,时间项标志词,when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / ,7,解释项标志词,or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / ,8,总结项标志词,all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / ,9,强调项标志词副词：,especially / particularly / almost / always / usually /,动词：,show / remember / note / notice / say /,pronounce/ ,的,结论,把握命题特点和解题技巧固然重要，但这些都是“应急”措施，平时掌握扎实的基础知识，练就基本技能才是解题根本。忽略平时基本功训练片面追求所谓的解题技巧只能是舍本遂末。,