动词用法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grade 7(Book1)Grammar,The Usage of Verbs,动词,：表示动作或状态的词。,动词的种类,：,1,）,按其作用可分为,连系动词,、,行,为动词,（实义动词）、,助动词,和,情,态动词,。,2,）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，,可分为两类：,及物动词,、,不及物动,词,，,缩写形式分别为,vt,.,和,vi.。,连系动词本身有一定的意义，但不完整，,不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓,语。常见的连系动词,：,be,，,become,，,get,，,look,，,seem,，,feel,，,smell,，,sound,，,keep,，,become,，,turn,初一上册我们所见到的连系动词为,:,be,动词。,e.g.She is a good swimmer.,连系动词,Be,动词,动词用法之,你知道,Be,动词家族的成员吗？,am;is;,are,be,动词,包括,“,am”,“is”,“are”,三,种形式,。,第一人,称单数,(I),配合,am,来,用。,句型,解析,：,I am+,I am,smart,.,I am ten years old.,I am a student.,I am a boy,.,各个击破,第二人,称,(You),配合,are,使用。,句型解析：,You are+,You are my good friend.,You are a good person.,You are beautiful.,第三人,称单数,(He or She or It),配合,is,使用。,句型解析：,She(He,It)is+,She is a good girl.,She is so cute.,She is,a teacher.,人,称复数,(,we,/you/they,),配合,are,使用。,句型解析：,W,e,(,You,They,),are,+,We,are,in Class 5,Grade 7,.,They are my friends,.,You,are,good students,.,连系动词,be,是,am,is,are,三者的原形，一般不直接出现在句子中，而是以,am,is,are,的形式出现。因此建议用歌谣熟记,be,的用法,:,歌曰：,我,(I),用,am,你,(you),用,are,，,is,连着他,(he),、她,(she),、它,(it);,单数,is,复数,are,学好英语就靠它。,变否定，,很,容易，,be,的,后,面,not,添,；,变疑问，,也不难，把,be,放在句首前,，,句末问号莫丢弃,，句,首大写莫忘记。,Be,动词的用法,你能总结出,be,动词的各种句式吗？,肯定句：,否定句：,一般疑问句：,肯定答语：,否定答语：,特殊疑问句：,主语,+,be(am,is,are)+,其它,.,主语,+,be(am,is,are)+not+,其它,.,Be(Am,Is,Are)+,主语,+,其它？,Yes,主语（代词）,+,be(am,is,are).,No,主语（代词）,+,be(am,is,are)+not.,疑问词,+,be(am,is,are)+,其它？,一、用,be,动词的适当形式填空,Amy _ her sister.,2.His name _ Kate.,3.-What _ your phone number?,-It _284-2942.,4.,-,_ you Cara?,-,No,I _ Gina.,5.Her brothers name _ John.,6.His family name _ Li.,is,is,is,Are,am,is,is,is,Practice,()1.Where _ they from?Theyre from China.,isB.am C.are,()2.Is she Maria?No,she _.,A.is B.isnt C.arent,()3.Are they from Canada?No,they _.,A.are B.arentC.isnt,()4.Is he Li Ping?Yes,_.,A.ImB.hesC.he is,()5._ you,Mingming,?Yes,I _.,A.Are;areB.Am;am C.Are;am,()6.Mary _ from Cuba.,isB.am C.are,请根据要求改变句型,:,This is a ruler.,（改为否定句）,Im a student.,（改为一般疑问句并肯定回答）,These are her things.,（改为否定句）,That is my sister.,（改为一般疑问句并否定回答）,This isnt a ruler.,isnt=is not,Are you,a student?Yes,I am.,These arent her things.,arent=are not,Is that,your,sister?No,it isnt.,请继续做下面的题目：,5.Those are erasers.,（改为一般疑问句并肯定回答）,6.This is,an orange,.,（提问划线部分）,7.These are,apples,.,（提问划线部分）,8.My notebook is,on the desk,.,（提问划线部分）,Are those erasers?Yes,they are.,Whats this?,Whatre(=What are)these?,Where is your notebook?,动词用法之,行为动词,一、什么是行为动词,行为动词意义完整，能独立用作谓,语,。动词,be,和动词,have,一般表示状态,，而行为动词大都来表示动作，如,work,study,swim,等。,初一上册我们主要接触的是一般现,在时中行为动词的用法。,二、行为动词一般现在时的构成,行为动词一般现在时须用动词原形表示,，但当主语是第三人称单数时，词尾须加,-s,或,-,es,，其构成方法与名词复数构成方法相,同，现以动词,work,为例：,I,You,（你）,He,She,It,We,You,（你们）,They,work.,works.,work.,三、行为动词一般现在时的基本用法,1,）表示现在经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态：,I usually walk to school.,They work here.,My grandfather watches TV every evening.,He goes to school by bus.,2,）表示客观事实或普遍真理：,The sun rises in the east.,The earth moves round the sun.,Two plus two makes four.,四、行为动词一般现在时第三人称,单数形式的构成,行为动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的,构成方法和名词复数的构成方法完全一样。,1,）一般在动词原形后加,s,：,work works,run runs,live lives,2,）以,s,x,sh,ch,结尾的动词加,es,：,finish finishes,teach teaches,watch watches,guess guesses,fix fixes,mix mixes,4,）如词末为,o,，,o,前加,es,：,go goes,do does,3,）以辅音字母加,y,结尾的动词变,y,为,i,再加,es,：,carry carries,fly flies,但,play plays,的,y,之前是元音字母，只加,s,。,一、,用动词的适当的词填空。,例如：,She always,eats,(eat)her lunch at noon.,She _(do,）,the housework.,The children _(go)to school in the morning.,Mrs.Smith _(stay)at home.,Their father _(take)them to school.,does,go,stays,takes,Practice,Think:,下列句子怎么改成一般疑问句：,1.,I like running.,2.Daming comes from China.,3.William likes computer games.,Do you like running?,Does,Daming,come from China?,Does William like computer games?,助动词,动词用法之,助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其他语法形式。,常见的助动词有,be,，,have(has,),，,do(does,),，,will,，,shall,等。,在初一上册书中我们主要接触的助动词为,do(does,),。,助,动,词,用作,助动词,的,do,（,does,）与用作,行为动,词,的,do,（,does,）。,1,、,do,（,does,）用作行为动词一般表示“做”、“干”等意思。,We,do,morning exercises every day.,Jack often,does,some washing on Sundays.,She never,does,her homework in the evening.,2,、,do,（,does,）作助动词的用法。,主要用来帮助构成疑问句、否定句、否定祈使句或用于替代等。,1）构成一般疑问句，例如：,Do you want to pass the test?,2,）,构成特殊疑问句，例如：,Where are you come from?,3,）,do+not,构成否定句，例如：,He doesnt like to study.,4),构成否定祈使句，例如：,Dont go there.,5,）用于替代,Does he like the job?Yes,he does,。,1,、助动词,do,在一般现在时中帮助构成一般疑问句，主语为第三人称单数时在句首加,does,其结构是,：,Do+,主语,+,动词原形,?,They live near our school.,Do they live near our school?,The students like learning English.,Do the students like learning English?,2)Does+,主语（第三人称单数）,+,动词原形,?,He watches TV every evening.,Does he watch TV every evening?,My father teaches Chinese.,Does your father teach Chinese?,简略回答用助动词,do/does,和,dont/doesnt,代替,行为动词,.,Do you often go shopping with your mother?,-Yes,I do./-No,I dont.,Does his mother work in that factory?,-Yes,she does./-No,she doesnt.(,回答时须用人称代词,),2,、助动词,do,（,does,）在一般现在时中帮助构成特殊疑问句，其句子结构为：,疑问词,+,一般疑问句？,When do we have breakfast?,Where does he play basketball,？,How many books do you have?,将下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句：,1,）,They work in a factor