资源描述
Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The,ing,form as the Subject and Object,Learning about Language,Grammar,The ing form as the Subject a,Have you ever seen these signs?,parking,spitting,littering,smoking,-ing forms,Have you ever seen these signs,1.,动词,-ing,形式的构成,:,是在动词末尾加,-ing,形式构成,因此又叫动词的,-ing,形式。,如,:do-doing,be-being,ask-asking,etc.,否定形式,:not+-ing,构成,2.,动词,-ing,形式不能单独作谓语,没有人称和,数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和状语,还有,时态和语态的变化。,3.,动词,-ing,形式由动词加,-ing,变化而成,它同时具有名词和动词的特征,在句中可以,作主语、宾语等。,1.动词-ing形式的构成:是在动词末尾加-ing,一、动词,-ing,形式作主语,表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。,如：,Walking,is a good form of exercise for,both young and old.,无论对年轻人和老年人来讲,走路是一种,很好的锻炼。,Watching,news,on TV has become a,routine for me.,在电视上看新闻已经成了,我的一种日常习惯。,一、动词-ing形式作主语,Going,to,Hangzhou,by train takes about,16 hours.,乘火车去杭州要,16,个小时。,Asking,a womans age,is impolite in,our country.,在我们国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。,Going to Hangzhou by train tak,2.-ing,形式作主语时常后置,此时须用,it,作形式主语,用形容词或名词作表语。,常见的名词或名词短语有,:no use,no good,fun,hard work,a hard/difficult,job,a waste of time,等,;,形容词有,:,dangerous,worthwhile,useless,等。,如,:,Its no use,making,an excuse for this.,为这件事找借口是没有用的。,2.-ing形式作主语时常后置,此时须用it,Its a waste of time,talking,about such a,useless thing.,谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。,Its dangerous,swimming,in the sea on,windy days.,有风的天气在海里游泳是危险的。,It is worthwhile,discussing,the question.,这个问题值得讨论。,Its a waste of time talking a,3.,在,there be,结构中作主语,这种结构的意思,相当于“,It is impossible to do”,。如：,若要人不知,除非己莫为。,There is no,hiding,of evil but not to do it,这种事开不得玩笑。,Here is no,joking,about such matter.,无法知道他什么时候离开,There was no,knowing,when he would leave.,3.在there be 结构中作主语,这种结构的意思,动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：,动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如：,还是个孩子的时侯,她就觉得探视病人是,一种责任,也是一种愉悦。,As a child,she felt that,visiting sick people,was a duty and a pleasure,到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的,经历。,Being,a guest,in an American home,will be a good experience for me.,动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：,他说,:“,继续这样下去是无用的。”,He said,“,To,go,on,like,this,is useless.”,我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。,Its an honor for me,to,be,invited,to the,party.,人教高中英语必修4Unit2Grammar(共24张PPT),归纳,:,常用,-ing,形式作主语的句型有：,It+be+a waste of time doing,做,是浪费时间的,It is/was no good/use doing,做,是没用处的,It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing,做,不值得,It is/was worth/worthwhile doing,做,是值得的,There is no doing.,无法,;,不允许,归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：,There is no sense in doing,做,没有道理,There is/was no use doing,干,无意义,There is/was nothing worse than doing,没有比,更糟的,There is/was no point doing,干,无意义,我们不知道要去哪儿。,做这件傻事毫无意义。,There was no knowing,where we would go.,There is no,point,doing,such a silly thing,.,There is no sense in doing 做,注意,:,There is no need to do sth,干,没必要,在此句式中,to do,不可换为,doing.,没有必要告诉她。,提示,:,当动名词用作主语时,其逻辑主语由,形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。,我姐姐病了,使我很担心。,你正确未必就意味着我错了。,There is no need to tell her.,My sisters being ill made me worried.,Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my,being wrong.,注意:There is no need to do sth,二、动名词用作宾语,动名词作宾语有两种情况。,1.,只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有,avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannot stand,等。,如：,我不能不去。,你是否考虑过找一位挚友,?,I cant,avoid going,Have you,considered,looking,for,one,special friend?,二、动名词用作宾语I cant avoid goingH,我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。,晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗,?,人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。,这类动词还有,:excuse,fancy,give up,put off,risk,insist on,look forward,feel like,等,。,We must try to,avoid repeating,the same mistake,Do you,feel,like,having,a walk with me after,supper?,People,couldnt,help,laughing,foolish man,我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。We must try to,2.,既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有,:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,，,remember,hate,等。,A.,在,like,love,hate,prefer,等动词之后，,用,-ing,或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重,点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式,表示具体的一次性动作。,B.,在,begin/start,continue,之后,用动名词和,不定式,意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的,时候。,2.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,C.,在动词,forget,remember,regret,之后,用,动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作,先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作,如：,我记得我已把信寄了。,我会记着去寄信的。,我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。,I,remember posting,the letter,Ill,remember,to,post,the letter,I shall never,forget,seeing,the famous writer,C.在动词forget,remember,regret,不要忘了给你母亲写信。,我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。,我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。,Dont,forget,to,write,to your mother,I,regret,missing,the report,I,regret,to,say,I cant take your advice,不要忘了给你母亲写信。Dont forget to,D.,在,try,mean,之后,意义各不相同,如,try to do,(,设法,),try doing(,试试,),mean to do(,打算,有意要做,),mean doing(,意思是,意味着,),。,如,:,我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。,我们用别的方法做这工作试试。,我并不想叫你生气。,你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。,We must,try to get,everything done in time,Lets,try,doing,the working in some other way,I didnt,mean,to,make,you angry,Your plan would,mean,spending,hours,D.在try,mean 之后,意义各不相同,如 tr,E.go on doing,和,go on to do,go on doing,继续做一直在做的事,;,go on to do,接着做另一件事。,如：,请接着做这同一个练习。,请做另外一个练习。,F.stop doing,与,stop to do:Stop doing,停止做，,stop to do,停下正在干的事去干另一件事。,如,:,我们停止了交谈。,我们停了下来去谈话。,Please,go on doing,the same exercise,Please,go,on,to,do,the other exercise,We,stopped,talking,We,stopped,to,talk,E.go on doing 和go on to doPle,go on doing,继续做原来做的事,go on to do,接着做另一件事,mean doing,意味着要做某事,mean to do,想要做某事,stop doing,停止
展开阅读全文