无机物的命名

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专业英语,无机物的命名,The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds,无机物的命名,1,、,Elementary Substance(,单质,),2,、,Cation,（,阳离子,）,3,、,Anion,（,阴离子,）,4,、,Oxide,Base and Salt of,Metal,（,氧化物,碱和金属盐,）,5,、,Non,metal,Oxide,（,非金属氧化物,）,6,、,Inorganic Acid,（,无机酸,）,7,、,Acid Salt,（,酸式盐,）,8,、,Basic Salt,（,碱式盐,）,9,、,Complex salt(,络合物,),Rule,：,the Greek prefix plus the name of element,mono-,：通常不加，除非这种物质通常情况下不以单原子存在。,1,、,Elementary Substance,（单质）,dodec,a,-,十二,undec,a,-,十一,dec,a,-,十,non,a,-,九,Prefix,Number,oct,a,-,八,hept,a,-,七,hex,a,-,六,pent,a,-,五,Prefix,Number,tetr,a,-,四,tri-,三,di,-,二,mono-,一,Prefix,Number,Names of Some Greek Prefixes,Formula,Common,Stock,H,atomic hydrogen,mono,hydrogen,O,2,oxygen,di,oxygen,O,3,ozone,tri,oxygen,P,4,white(yellow)phosphorus,tetra,phosphorus,Names of Some Elementary Substance,（单质）,规律,：希腊前缀,+,元素名称,Symbol,Common,Stock,Fe,2+,Ferr,ous,Iron(,),Fe,3+,Ferr,ic,Iron(,),Cu,2+,Cupr,ic,Copper,(,),Cu,+,Cupr,ous,Copper,(,),Na,+,Sodium,H,+,Hydrogen,一些阳离子的名称,Common,：,1,、,以,-,ic,结尾表示,较高,价态的阳离子,ferric,2,、以,-,ous,结尾表示,较低,价态的阳离子,ferrous,3,、,只有一种价态的阳离子用其元素名称,sodium,2,、,Cation,（阳离子）,ferrum,cuprum,Symbol,Common,Stock,Fe,2+,Ferr,ous,Iron(,),Fe,3+,Ferr,ic,Iron(,),Cu,2+,Cupr,ic,Copper,(,),Cu,+,Cupr,ous,Copper,(,),Na,+,Sodium,H,+,Hydrogen,一些阳离子的名称,Stock,：,元素名称后加括号，括号中用罗马数字标明阳离子价态。只有一种价态的阳离子则省略。,2,、,Cation,（阳离子）,1,、单原子阴离子,2,、双原子阴离子,OH,-,hydroxide(hydroxy,),CN,-,cyanide,hypo,chlor,ite,次氯酸根,ClO,-,chlor,ite,亚氯酸根,ClO,2,-,chlor,ate,氯酸根,ClO,3,-,per,chlor,ate,高氯酸根,ClO,4,-,3,、含有氧原子的阴离子,SO,4,2-,sulf,ate,硫酸根,SO,3,2-,sulf,ite,亚,硫酸根,oxygen oxide,chlorine chloride,3,、,Anion,（阴离子）,卤族,Symbol,English Names Anion,F,Fluorine,fluoride,Cl,Chlorine,chloride,Br,Bromine,bromide,I,Iodine,iodide,At,Astatine,astatide,Symbol,Name,Symbol,Name,Symbol,Name,F,-,Fluoride,ClO,4,-,Perchlorate,HSO,4,-,Hydrogen,sulphate,Cl,-,Chloride,ClO,3,-,Chlorate,SO,4,2-,Sulphate,Br,-,Bromide,ClO,2,-,Chlorite,HSO,3,-,Hydrogen,sulphite,I,-,Iodide,ClO,-,Hypochlorite,SO,3,2-,Sulphite,O,2-,Oxide,NO,3,-,Nitrate,HCO,3,-,Hydrogen carbonate,S,2-,Sulf(ph)ide,NO,2,-,Nitrite,CO,3,2-,Carbonate,H,-,Hydride,PO,4,3-,Phosphate,CrO,4,-,Chromate,OH,-,Hydroxide,PO,3,3-,Phosphite,Cr,2,O,7,-,Di,chromate,CN,-,Cyanide,AsO,4,3-,Arsenate,MnO,4,-,Per,manganate,AsO,3,3-,Arsenite,OAc,-,Acetate,C,2,O,4,2-,Oxalate,草酸盐,阴离子的命名,(1)metal oxide,金属氧化物,Names of Some Metal Oxides,（,金属氧化物,）,Formula,Common,Stock,Na,2,O,Sodium oxide,Na,2,O,2,Sodium,per,oxide,CuO,Cupr,ic,oxide,Copper(,)oxide,Cu,2,O,Cupr,ous,oxide,Copper(,)oxide,Fe,2,O,3,Ferr,ic,oxide,Iron(,)oxide,FeO,Ferr,ous,oxide,Iron(,)oxide,规律,：阳离子,+,氧化物,4,、,Oxide,Base and Salt of,Metal,(2)Salt,盐,Formula,Common,Stock,NaCl,Sodium chloride,Na,2,S,Sodium sulfide,FeCl,3,Ferr,ic,chlor,ide,Iron(,)chlor,ide,FeCl,2,Ferr,ous,chlor,ide,Iron(,)chlor,ide,A,、不含氧的盐（某,化,某）,Names of Some,Oxygenfree,Salts,规律,：阳离子,+,阴离子,Formula,Common,Stock,NaClO,4,Sodium,per,chlor,ate,NaClO,3,Sodium chlor,ate,NaClO,2,Sodium chlor,ite,NaClO,Sodium,hypo,chlor,ite,K,2,Cr,2,O,7,Potassium,di,chrom,ate,Fe,2,(SO,4,),3,Ferr,ic,sulf,ate,Iron(,)sulf,ate,Cu,3,(AsO,4,),2,Cupr,ic,arsen,ate,Copper(,)arsen,ate,Cr(OAc),3,Chrom,ic,acet,ate,Chromium(,)acet,ate,B,、含氧酸盐（某,酸,某）,Names of Some Oxy-Salts,规律,：阳离子,+,阴离子,(3)Base,（碱）,Formula,Stock,Common,Ca(OH),2,Calcium hydroxide,NaOH,Sodium hydroxide,Sn(OH),2,tin(,)hydroxide,stann,ous,hydroxide,Sn(OH),4,tin(,)hydroxide,stann,ic,hydroxide,Fe(OH),2,iron(,)hydroxide,ferr,ous,hydroxide,Fe(OH),3,iron(,)hydroxide,ferr,ic,hydroxide,Names of Some Bases,规律,：阳离子,+,氢氧根,Common,：,用希腊数字前缀表示氧原子和非金属原子的个数,。,Stock,：,用罗马数字表明除氧（,-2,）外的非金属的氧化态。,Formula,Common,Stock,CO,carbon monoxide,carbon()oxide,CO,2,carbon dioxide,carbon()oxide,N,2,O,3,dinitrogen,trioxide,nitrogen()oxide,P,2,O,5,diphosphorus,pentoxide,phosphorus()oxide,SO,3,sulphur,trioxide,sulphur,()oxide,Cl,2,O,7,dichlorine,heptoxide,chlorine()oxide,Names of Some Nonmetal Oxides,5,、,Non,metal,Oxide,（非金属氧化物）,Acid Ion,（酸基离子）,Acid,per-,-ate,per-,-,ic,acid,-ate,-,ic,acid,-,ite,-,ous,acid,hypo-,-,ite,hypo-,-,ous,acid,-,ide,hydro-,-,ic,acid,有氧酸,无氧酸,6,、,Inorganic Acid,（无机酸）,hypo,chlor,ite,次氯酸根,ClO,-,chlor,ite,亚氯酸根,ClO,2,-,chlor,ate,氯酸根,ClO,3,-,per,chlor,ate,高氯酸根,ClO,4,-,Acid Ion,Acid,Br,-,bromide,HBr,hydrobromic,acid,氢溴酸,CN,-,cyanide,HCN,hydrocyanic acid,氢氰酸,CO,3,2-,carbonate,H,2,CO,3,carbonic acid,ClO,4,-,perchlorate,HClO,4,perchloric,acid,ClO,-,hypochlorite,HClO,hypochlorous,acid,SO,3,2-,sulfite,H,2,SO,3,sulfurous acid,SO,4,2-,sulfate,H,2,SO,4,sulfuric acid,PO,3,3-,phosphite,H,3,PO,3,phosphorous acid,PO,4,3-,phosphate,H,3,PO,4,phosphoric acid,一些酸的名称,Formula,Stock,Common,Na,2,HPO,4,di,sodium hydrogen phosphate,NaH,2,PO,4,sodium,di,hydrogen,phosphate,KHS,potassium hydrogen sulfide,NaHCO,3,sodium,hydrogen,carbonate,sodium,bi,carbonate,Ca(HSO,3,),2,calcium,hydrogen,sulfite,calcium,bi,sulfite,一些酸式盐的名称,7,、,Acidic Salt,（酸式盐）,Bi(OH),2,NO,3,(bismuth,di,hydroxy,nitrate),Al,2,(OH),4,CO,3,（,aluminium,carbonate,basic,）,1,、,salt plus basic,（,盐,+,碱,）。,2,、（阳离子,+,希腊前缀,+,hydroxy,+,希腊前缀,+,阴离子）,8,、,Basic Salt,（碱式盐）,9,、,Complex salt,（