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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,高中英语课件,(金戈铁骑 整理制作,),江苏省邳州市明德实验学校,申夫艳,专项语法七情态动词,要点精析,一、,can,和,could,的用法,1,表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。,How could you do such a silly thing?,你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?,2,表示可能性,意为,“,可能,有时会,”,。,can,和,could,没有时态的差异,只是,could,不太肯定。,Jogging can be harmful to the health.,慢跑也可能会对健康有害。,Accidents can/could happen on such rainy days.,这样的多雨天气可能会发生事故。,(,客观的可能性,),例,(2010,广西南宁地区联考,)Nowadays,a graduate with a masters,degree_fail,to find a,highpaid,job,which discourages a lot of college students.,A,shall B,can,C,will D,must,解析:,考查情态动词。这里用,can,表示,“,有时会,可能会,”,。句意:如今有硕士学位的毕业生也可能找不到高薪工作,。,答案:,B,3,can,用于否定句,意为,“,应该不是,不可能,”,。,I think its all right.She,cant,make a mistake.,我想应该没事,她,不可能,犯错误。,The story cant be true.,这个故事不可能是真的。,4,cannot.too/enough,表示,“,无论,也不过分,”,;,“,越,越好,”,。,You cant be too careful while driving.,You cannot remember enough English words.,你记的英语单词越多越好。,5,cannot but,do,sth,.,表示,“,不得不,只好,”,。,二、,may,和,might,的用法,may,和,might,表示,“,许可,”“,可能性,”“,祝愿,”,等意义。,1,表示许可,两者都可以表示允许某人做某事,也可以征求对方的许可,还可以表示,“,法律,条文,”,的许可。,(1),在向对方请求许可时,两者没有时间之分,只是,might,语气更委婉。,May I come in?,我可以进来吗?,Might I borrow your computer?,我可以借一下你的电脑吗?,(2),在给予别人许可时,常用,can,,但有时也用,may,。不能用,might,。,May I play basketball this afternoon?,今天下午我可以打篮球吗?,No,you may not.,不,不行。,(3),机关、学校等的文书、公告里用的,“,不得,;禁止,”,,要用,may not,或,mustnt,。,You mustnt smoke in the classroom.,教室内禁止吸烟。,2,表示可能性,may,和,might,表示可能性时,可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测。,Peter may come with us tonight,but he isnt sure yet.,彼得今晚可能和我们一起来,但他还没确定。,(,实际可能性,不用,can),He might be studying in the classroom.,他可能正在教室里学习。,例,(2009,辽宁高考,)The traffic is heavy these days.,I_arrive,a bit late,so could you save me a place?,A,can B,must,C,need D,might,解析:,句意:最近这些天交通拥挤。我有可能迟到一会儿,因此请你给我留个位子好吗?,might,表示可能性,往往指较小的可能性,符合句意。,can,“,能,会,”,;,must,“,必须,一定,”,;,need,“,需要,”,。,答案:,D,3,“,may as well,动词原形,”,意为,“,最好,满可以,倒不如,”,。,You may as well do it at once.,你最好马上就做这件事。,We may as well stay where we are.,我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。,4,may,作,“,可以,”,讲时,其否定式常用“,mustnt”,表示,“,禁止,”,;,must,作,“,必须,”,讲时,其否定式是“,neednt”,,表示,“,不必,”,。,May I use your car?,我可以用你的车吗?,No,you mustnt.(,委婉的拒绝可用:,Sorry,but I am using it now.,或,Youd better not.,等,),不,你不可以用。,Must I work out the problem tonight?,我今晚必须解出这道题吗?,No,you neednt.,不,没必要。,三、,must,的用法,1,表示义务,意为,“,必须,”,(,主观意志,),We must do everything step by step.,我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。,在这种用法中,must,表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事;,have to,表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,,have to,自身有时态的变化形式。,I have to go now for Ive got a meeting 15 minutes later.,我现在必须要走了,因为我,15,分钟后有个会要开。,注意:回答以,must,引导的问句时,若是否定回答。不可以用,mustnt,而需要用,neednt,或,dont have to,,因为,mustnt,意思是,“,绝不能,一定不要,”,。,Must we hand in our exercises today?,我们今天必须交作业吗?,Yes,you must./No,you,neednt(you,dont have to),是的,必须交。,/,不,不必今天交。,例,(2009,全国卷,)I cant leave.She told me that,I_stay,here until she comes back.,A,can B,must,C,will D,may,解析:,句意:我不能离开。她告诉我,我必须在这里等,直到她回来。,can,“,能够,”,;,must,“,必须,”,;,will,“,将要,”,;,may,“,可能,”,。本题,I cant leave.,提示我们,“,必须,”,等。,答案:,B,2,表示猜测、推测,must,常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接,have,过去分词。,He must be ill.He looks so pale.,他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。,I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.,我没听见电话铃响。当时我一定睡着了。,(,表肯定,),例,(2009,上海,),It_have,been Tom that parked the car here,as he is the only one with a car.,A,may B,can,C,must D,should,解析:,句意:一定是汤姆把车停在这里的,因为只有他有车。此句为强调句型,谓语动词为,must have been,,用,must,表示语气肯定的推测。,答案:,C,3,表示禁止,(,用于否定句,),Smoking must not be allowed in the office.,严禁在办公室吸烟。,4,表示,“,偏执,”“,固执,”,Must you make so much noise?,你非得弄出这么大声吗?,If you must smoke,please go out.,如果你偏要吸烟,那你就出去吧。,四、,shall,的用法,1,用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。,Shall we begin our class?,我们可以开始上课吗?,Shall the driver wait outside?,司机在外边等着可以吗?,When shall my father be able to leave hospital?,我父亲什么时候可以出院?,例,(2010,青岛一模,)Has Mr.Tom White arrived?,Yes,already._he,wait outside or just come in?,A,Shall B,May,C,Could D,Must,解析:,考查情态动词的用法。,shall,用在疑问句中常用来表示征求对方的意见或请求允许。此处意为,“,他是进来还是在外面等?,”,。,答案:,A,2,用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.,我许诺给他一件生日礼物。,You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.,假如你做那种事,我就不支持你。,五、,will,和,would,的用法,作情态动词的,will,would,与作助动词的,will,would,的各种形式相同。,1,表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决心等。,would,用于过去的情况。,Can someone fetch some water?,谁能去取点水来?,I will.,我去。,2,与,you,连用表示请求或要求,用,wont you,强调邀请的语气。,would,比,will,更客气、委婉。,Would you mind opening the window for me?,请你给我打开窗户好吗?,3,will,表示规律性的,“,注定会,”,。,You will regret forever if you lose the chance.,如果失去这个机会你会后悔一辈子的。,六、,need,和,dare,的用法,need,和,dare,既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句;用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。,1,用作情态动词,Need I come?,我需要来吗?,Yes,you must.,是的,一定要来。,You neednt telephone him now.,你现在不必打电话给他。,She dare not go out alone at night.,她晚上不敢一个人出去。,2,用作实义动词,We need to tell them the news.,我们需要把这消息告诉他们。,The table needs,painting(to,be painted),桌子需要油漆一下。,We should dare to give our own opinion.,我们要敢于提出自己的观点。,He did not dare to look up.,他不敢抬头看。,七、,used to,和,would,1,表示过去重复、习惯性动作时,,used to,可用,would,代替。,He would sit at the door waiting for his son coming back.,他老是坐在门口等儿子回来。,2,used to,强调过去与现在对比,,would,则不。,He used to get up early.,他以前常常起得很早。,(,他现在不早起了,),3,表示过
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