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,附录一,栏目索引,附 录,高考英语,一、派生,(一)后缀法,1.变名词,(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:,存在existexistence 发生occuroccurrence,查阅/参考referreference,更喜欢/偏好preferpreference,不同differdifference接受acceptacceptance,出现/外表appearappearance,履行performperformance,抵制resistresistance指导guideguidance,附录一,进入enterentrance保险insureinsurance,帮助assistassistance,忍受 endureendurance/toleratetolerance,(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:,生产produceproduction介绍introduceintroduction,消费consumeconsumption 减少reducereduction,认为/假设assumeassumption/supposesupposition,毁灭 destroydestruction描写describedescription,打断 interruptinterruption 采纳/收养 adoptadoption,防止 preventprevention,接收/接待处receivereception,解决 solvesolution进化evolveevolution,建议 suggestsuggestion编辑/版本 editedition,展览 exhibitexhibition,打算/意图 intendintention,认出recognizerecognition,解释/定义 definedefinition,保护 protectprotection方向/指导directdirection,指令 instructinstruction建设constructconstruction,注射 injectinjection感染 infectinfection,驳斥 rejectrejection,反对 objectobjection/opposeopposition,连接connectconnection收集 collectcollection,纠正 correctcorrection 视察 inspectinspection,挑选selectselection选举 electelection,限制 restrictrestriction,抵触/矛盾contradictcontradiction,保留 reservereservation保存 preservepreservation,保护conserveconservation观察observeobservation,挨饿starvestarvation组织organizeorganization,文明 civilizecivilization认识 realizerealization,考试examineexamination,决定determinedetermination,形成formformation 通知 informinformation,想象 imagineimagination,运输transporttransportation,邀请inviteinvitation,期待expectexpectation,诱惑 tempttemptation,改编/适应 adaptadaptation,移民 immigrateimmigration模仿 imitateimitation,准备preparepreparation探索exploreexploration,考虑considerconsideration宣布 declaredeclaration,装饰 decoratedecoration,激发/灵感 inspireinspiration,放松/休闲 relaxrelaxation,交流communicatecommunication,占用/职业 occupyoccupation,满足satisfysatisfaction,申请/应用 applyapplication,暗示 implyimplication,推荐 recommendrecommendation,口译/理解 interpretinterpretation,结合 combinecombination,操作/手术 operateoperation,犹豫hesitatehesitation教育educateeducation,定位 locatelocation指出 indicateindication,参加 participateparticipation,计算 calculatecalculation,欣赏/感激appreciateappreciation,联想/协会 associateassociation,分离 separateseparation冬眠 hibernatehibernation,赔偿 compensatecompensation,调查 investigateinvestigation,庆祝 celebratecelebration,祝贺 congratulatecongratulation,翻译 translatetranslation,积累 accumulateaccumulation,加速 accelerateacceleration捐赠 donatedonation,解放liberateliberation动力motivatemotivation,革新innovateinnovation,集中concentrateconcentration,游行/示威 demonstratedemonstration,贡献contributecontribution 分发 distributedistribution,促进 promotepromotion,致力 devotedevotion/dedicatededication,沮丧 frustratefrustration/depressdepression,印象impressimpression表达expressexpression,拥有/财产possesspossession,讨论discussdiscussion,扩大 expandexpansion,延伸extendextension,承认 admitadmission允许 permitpermission,排放 emitemission爆炸explodeexplosion,结论concludeconclusion决定 decidedecision,划分dividedivision迷惑confuseconfusion,(3)-ment结尾的名词:,广告 advertiseadvertisement同意 agreeagreement,惊奇amazeamazement,吃惊 astonishastonishment,通告announceannouncement,安排 arrangearrangement,评估assessassessment,发展 developdevelopment,失望disappointdisappointment,雇用/就业employemployment,鼓舞 encourageencouragement,款待/娱乐entertainentertainment,装备 equipequipment,统治/政府governgovernment,改进improveimprovement 投资 investinvestment,卷入 involveinvolvement,管理 managemanagement,惩罚 punishpunishment要求 requirerequirement,退休 retireretirement,定居/定居处settlesettlement,阐述/陈述 statestatement,对待/治疗treattreatment,以,为基础/地下室basebasement,人行道 pavepavement,完成/成就achieveachievement/accomplishaccomplishment,(4)-ness结尾的名词:,adj,.,n,.,意识awareawareness/consciousconsciousness,苦bitterbitterness盲目blindblindness,冷静 calmcalmness聪明 clevercleverness,疯狂crazycraziness渴望 eagereagerness,公平fairfairness 愚蠢 foolishfoolishness,适合 fitfitness幸福/愉快happyhappiness,疾病illillness友好 kindkindness,懒惰 lazylaziness孤独lonelyloneliness,宁静 quietquietness悲伤 sadsadness,严重性 seriousseriousness甜美sweetsweetness,稳定 steadysteadiness厚度thickthickness,累 tiredtiredness弱点 weakweakness,冷/冷淡 coldcoldness,惶恐不安nervousnervousness,思乡 homesickhomesickness,粗心 carelesscarelessness自私selfishselfishness,无私selflessselflessness/unselfishunselfishness,无助/无望helplesshelplessness/hopelesshopelessness,(5)-age结尾的名词:,婚姻marrymarriage短缺shortshortage,储存storestorage包裹packpackage,车厢carrycarriage通道passpassage,(6)-th结尾的名词:,温暖warmwarmth真理truetruth,死亡deaddeath成长growgrowth,(7)-ure结尾的名词:,快乐pleasepleasure离开departdeparture,暴露exposeexposure压力presspressure,失败failfailure混合mixmixture,签名signsignature,(8)-ce结尾的名词:,adj,.,n,.,缺席 absentabsence 出席presentpresence,信心 confidentconfidence,方便 convenientconvenience,不同differentdifference 勤奋 diligentdiligence,远的/距离distantdistance,明显的/证据evidentevidence,优秀excellentexcellence重要importantimportance,独立 independentindependence,天真/无辜innocentinnocence,智力 intelligentintelligence 公正 justjustice,耐心patientpatience浪漫 romanticromance,沉默silentsilence暴力violentviolence,v,.,n,.,冒犯 offendoffence,防御 defenddefense(AmE)defence(BrE),建议 adviseadvice设施 devisedevice,(9)-dom结尾的名词:,自由freefreedom王国kingkingdom,智慧wisewisdom,(10)-hood结尾的名词:,孩童时代childhood男孩时代boyhood,邻里neighborhood,(11)-ship结尾的名词:,所有权ownership锦标赛championship,友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship,奖学金scholarship领导才能leadership,艰难hardship关系relationship,(12)-ing结尾的名词:,农业farming变暖warming,园艺gardening学业schooling,绘画painting意思meaning,绘画drawing训练training,录音tape-recording衣物clothing,感觉feeling十字路口crossing,工资earnings问候greetings,储蓄savings所发生的事情happenings,发现findings财产belongings,痛苦sufferings贡品offerings,环境surroundings保龄球bowling,举重weight-lifting射击shooting,摔跤wrestling,2.变形容词,(1)-y结尾的形容词:,n,.,adj,.,阳光灿烂的sunsunny 多雨的rainrainy,被雪覆盖的snowsnowy有风的windwindy,有暴风雨的stormstormy寒冷的chillchilly,多雾的fogfoggy有霜的frostfrosty,冰冷的iceicy阴沉的gloomgloomy,布满星星的starstarry泥泞的mudmuddy,布满灰尘的dustdusty脏的dirtdirty,健康的healthhealthy富有的wealthwealthy,霸道的bossbossy臭的smellsmelly,美味的tastetasty咸的saltsalty,皮包骨的skinskinny贪婪的greedgreedy,迅速的speedspeedy,狡猾的/棘手的tricktricky,v,.,adj,.,爱挑剔的choosechoosy/pickpicky,黏的sticksticky,悦耳易记的 catchcatchy,害怕的 scarescary滑溜的slipslippery,(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:,n,.,adj,.,全球的globeglobal文化的 culturecultural,农业的 agricultureagricultural,情景的situationsituational,有条件的 conditionconditional,环境的environmentenvironmental,化学的chemistrychemical,医学的medicinemedical,原始的originoriginal政治的politicspolitical,实际的practicepractical,理论的 theorytheoretical,音乐的 musicmusical,感情的 emotionemotional,国家的nationnational,自然的naturenatural,个人的personpersonal,偶尓的occasionoccasional,精神上的mindmental,身体上的physicsphysical,偶然的accidentaccidental,教育的educationeducational,技术上的techniquetechnical,心理上的 psychologypsychological,沿海的 coastcoastal,种族的raceracial面部的 facefacial,工业的industryindustrial金融的financefinancial,商业的commercecommercial官方的officeofficial,有益的 benefitbeneficial典型的typetypical,有影响的 influenceinfluential,(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:,感激的thankthankful=grateful,充足的plentyplentiful美丽的 beautybeautiful,成功的successsuccessful可怕的aweawful,忠实的faithfaithful和平的 peacepeaceful,高兴的 joyjoyful/cheercheerful=enjoyable,非常干净的spotspotless,无休止的endendless,无家可归的 homehomeless,无工作的 jobjobless=unemployed,身无分文的pennypenniless,无私的 selfselfless=unselfish,无目标的 aimaimless,无线的 wirewireless无限的 limitlimitless,珍贵的/无价的pricepriceless=invaluable,毫无价值的 valuevalueless/worthworthless,无语的 speechspeechless,上气不接下气的breathbreathless,小心的,粗心的 carecareful,careless,多彩的,无色的colorcolorful,colorless,有用的,无用的useuseful,useless,成果丰硕的,无成效的fruitfruitful,fruitless,强大的,无能力的powerpowerful,powerless,有意义的,无意义的meaningmeaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless,痛苦的,不痛的painpainful,painless,后悔的,无悔的regretregretful,regretless,有害的,无害的harmharmful,harmless,闲适宁静的,躁动不安的restrestful,restless,优雅的,粗鲁的gracegraceful,graceless,抱有希望的,无望的hopehopeful,hopeless,有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的 helphelpful,helpless,考虑周到的/不周到的 thoughtthoughtful,thoughtless,(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:,n,.,adj,.,许多的numbernumerous,多山的mountainmountainous,冒险的adventureadventurous 紧张的 nervenervous,有毒的 poisonpoisonous,危险的dangerdangerous,灾难的disasterdisastrous小心的cautioncautious,营养的 nutritionnutritious宗教的 religionreligious,宽敞的 spacespacious,有抱负的 ambitionambitious,神秘的 mysterymysterious,(5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾的形容词:,(不)可预见的 predict(un)predictable,(不)可避免的 avoid(un)avoidable,(不)可忘的forget(un)forgettable,(不)想要的desire(un)desirable,(不)舒服的comfort(un)comfortable,有(不)利的favor(un)favorable,(不)合适的suit(un)suitable,(不)可忍受的bear(un)bearable,(不)可忍受的endure(un)endurable,(不)可信的believe(un)believable,(不)可信的credit(in)credible,(不)可接近的 access(in)accessible,看(不)见的view(in)visible,(不)可治愈的cure(in)curable,支付得起的affordaffordable,适应力强的adaptadaptable,可更新的renewrenewable,便携的portportable,多变的changechangeable,可吃的eateatable,可依靠的relyreliable,可行的 workworkable,有价值的valuevaluable,合理的reasonreasonable,高兴的enjoyenjoyable,流行的 fashionfashionable,(6)-tive结尾的形容词:,v,.,adj,.,多产的produceproductive迷人的attractattractive,有创造力的createcreative,保护的protectprotective,预防性的preventpreventative健谈的talktalkative,可供替代的alteralternative相关的 relaterelative,有教育意义的instructinstructive,有竞争力的competecompetitive,n,.,adj,.,有效的effecteffective贵的expenseexpensive,(7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:,系统的systemsystematic,科学的 sciencescientific,戏剧般的dramadramatic,浪漫的 romanceromantic,有同情心的 sympathysympathetic,精力充沛的energyenergetic,(8)-en结尾的形容词:,羊毛的 woolwoolen金色的 goldgolden,木制的 woodwooden,(9)以-some结尾的形容词:,英俊的 handhandsome,令人惊叹的 aweawesome,令人烦恼的 troubletroublesome,烦人的 tiretiresome,(10)-ly结尾的形容词:,致命的deaddeadly活跃的 livelively,友好的 friendfriendly,兄弟般的brotherbrotherly,有次序的 orderorderly昂贵的 costcostly,每月的monthmonthly每天的daydaily,3.变动词,(1)-fy结尾的动词:,净化purepurify 简化simplesimplify,美化 beautifulbeautify使合理化 justjustify,使恐惧terribleterrify使震惊horriblehorrify,合格化qualityqualify分类classclassify,认出 identityidentify,(2)-ize结尾的动词:,adj,.,v,.,认识到 realrealize,使现代化modernmodernize,使工业化industrialindustrialize,使普及 popularpopularize集权centralcentralize,使全球化 globalglobalize使理想化 idealidealize,使稳定 stablestabilize,使正常化normalnormalize,社会化socialsocialize,使专门化specialspecialize,n,.,v,.,使物质化materialmaterialize,总结summarysummarize,记忆memorymemorize,(3)-en结尾的动词:,变暗darkdarken加快quickquicken,削尖 sharpsharpen削弱 weakweaken,松开 looseloosen变紧 tighttighten,软化 softsoften使更明亮brightbrighten,恶化 badworsen减少littlelessen,减轻/变亮lightlighten变黑blackblacken,加宽broadbroaden缩短 shortshorten,adj,.,n,.,v,.,加深 deepdepthdeepen,加长longlengthlengthen,加宽widewidthwiden,加高highheightheighten,加强 strongstrengthstrengthen,(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):,n,.,v,.,洗澡bathbathe呼吸breathbreathe,给,穿衣clothclothe,(二)前缀法,1.超过over-:,无意中听到overhear超过overtake,睡过头oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn,人口过剩overpopulation克服overcome,忽略/俯视overlook,2.重新re-:,康复/找回recover脱(衣服等)/移开remove,续借/更换/续签renew回收利用recycle,替代replace使恢复精力 refresh,改革 reform复习review,3.前的fore-:,预告 foretell前额 forehead,预报forecast预知 foresee,4.前的pre-:,前提precondition预告 predict,战前的 pre-war幼儿园preschool,预演preview,5.前的ex-:,前妻ex-wife前总统 ex-president,6.后的post-:,战后的 post-war研究生 postgraduate,7.多的multi-:,多媒体的multimedia多元文化的multicultural,多项选择的 multiple-choice,8.远的tele-:,电话telephone电视television,电报telegram电信telecommunications,望远镜telescope,9.相互的inter-:,面试interview国际的international,互联网Internet相互作用 interact,10.微小的micro-:,麦克风microphone微波microwave,微软microsoft显微镜microscope,11.自动的auto-:,汽车automobile自传autobiography,亲笔签名autograph自动地automatically,12.副的vice-:,副总统 vice-president副总理 vice-premier,13.生态的 eco-:,生态学 ecology生态系统 ecosystem,生态友好的 eco-friendly,14.中国的Sino-:,中日的Sino-Japanese中石化 Sinopec,15.潜/次一级 sub-:,潜意识(的)subconscious亚热带的 subtropical,地铁subway潜水艇submarine,郊区的suburban副标题subtitle,16.半semi-:,半熟练的 semi-skilled半决赛semi-final,17.三tri-:,三轮车tricycle三角形 triangle,18.横跨trans-:,转移 transfer转变transform,传播transmit移植 transplant,(三)否定的前缀或后缀,1.in-,im-/il-,ir-,不活跃的inactive不贵的 inexpensive,缺乏经验的 inexperienced随便的 informal,不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient,独立的independent间接的indirect,不重要的 insignificant,无能力的 incapable/incompetent,不合适的improper/inappropriate,不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact,不充足的inadequate/insufficient,不成熟的immature不耐烦的impatient,不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible,不礼貌的impolite不合逻辑的illogical,不合法的illegal不规则的irregular,不负责的 irresponsible,2.un-,不寻常的unusual不安的uneasy,不公平的unfair/unjust,不知道的unaware/unconscious,不确定的uncertain不受欢迎的unpopular,不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant,不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary,不成功的unsuccessful没被注意的unnoticed,不整洁的untidy不合理的unreasonable,未完成的 unfinished/undone,脱衣 undress打开unfold,卸车unload开,的锁 unlock,解冻unfreeze出土/挖掘 unearth,拧开unscrew解开undo/unpack,揭露uncover,3.dis-,消失disappear不鼓励discourage,揭露 disclose发现discover,不同意 disagree不同意 disapprove,不服从disobey不诚实的dishonest,不满意的dissatisfied可耻的 disgraceful,弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder,4.mis-,误导(,v,.)mislead误导的(,adj,.)misleading,误解(,v,.)misunderstand滥用 misuse,误解(,n,.)misunderstanding拼错 misspell,不信任 mistrust,5.anti-,防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreeze,抗日战争 Anti-Japanese War,反社会的antisocial,6.de-,降级 degrade减少decrease,贬值 devalue解冻 defrost,毁林 deforestation,7.ill-,虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed,不礼貌的 ill-mannered不合时宜的ill-timed,不合适的ill-fitting没教养的 ill-bred,考虑欠周的ill-considered时运不济的ill-fated,非法得到的ill-gotten不健康 ill health,8.non-,非营利的non-profit直达的non-stop,不吸烟者non-smoker防滑的non-slip,废话nonsense非暴力non-violence,不可再生资源 non-renewable resources,9.-free,无忧无虑的carefree无利息的 interest-free,免税的duty-free,10.-proof,防水的 waterproof防震的 shockproof,二、转化,(一)动词与名词的转换:,如:1.倒退(,v,.)He backed his car into the garage.,支持(,v,.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.,背后(,n,.)She,,s the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.,2.领导(,v,.)He headed the rebellion.,使,对着某处行进(,v,.)He headed his boat for the shore.,头(,n,.)He was shot in the head,dead.,3.缺乏(,v,.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.,缺乏(,n,.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.,(二)动词与形容词的转换:,如:1.越过(,v,.)The dog succeeded in clearing the fence.,清理(,v,.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.,清楚的(,adj,.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be,very difficult.,2.打扫(,v,.)Your shoes need cleaning.,干净的(,adj,.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.,3.意味着(,v,.)What do you mean by saying that?,吝啬的(,adj,.)He has always been mean with his money.,(三)形容词与名词的转换:,身体好的/井 well好的/罚款 fine,公平的/展览会 fair主要的/首领 chief,耐心的/病人 patient安全的/保险箱 safe,坚定的/公司 firm稳定的/马厩stable,相对的/亲戚relative平淡的/平原plain,满意的/内容content具体的/混凝土concrete,三、合成,1.合成形容词,(1),adj,.+present participle,漂亮的good-looking闻着芳香的sweet-smelling,随和的easy-going,长相一般的ordinary-looking,(2),adv,.+present participle,永久的ever-lasting职位高的high-ranking,畅销货best-selling goods=bestseller,(3),adv,.+past participle,著名的well-known新婚的 newly-married,本地制造的locally-produced坚信的firmly-believed,密切相关的closely-related,广泛接受的 widely-accepted,穿着随意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed,牢固的 strongly-built,高度发达的highly-developed,人口稠密的 densely-populated,正式发行的officially-released,正式承认的officially-recognized,(4),n,.+present participle,省时的time-saving耗能的energy-consuming,爱好和平的peace-loving制片的film-making,伤心的heart-breaking令人惊叹的breathtaking,说英语的English-speaking,解决问题的problem-solving,令人垂涎的 mouth-watering,赢利的profit-making,(5),n,.+past participle,国营的state-owned由衷的 heartfelt,人造的 man-made覆盖雪的snow-covered,粗糙的 weather-beaten国产的home-made,一贫如洗的 poverty-stricken,好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven,个体经营的self-employed,政府支持的 government-backed,(6),n,.+,adj,.,环保的environment-friendly=environmentally-friendly,节能的energy-efficient,有成本效益的cost-effective,(7),adj,.+,n,.+-ed,心不在焉的absent-minded心地善良的kind-hearted,目光短浅的short-sighted近视的near-sighted,左撇子的left-handed头发花白的white-haired,长尾巴的long-tailed和蔼可亲的good-natured,脾气坏的bad-tempered思想开明的open-minded,狭隘的narrow-minded头脑简单的simple-minded,(8),n,.+-ed,详细的detaildetailed,有经验的experienceexperienced,有天赋的giftgifted/talenttalented,有技能的skillskilled,2.合成名词,缺点drawback框架framework,人类 mankind发源地birthplace,壁炉 fireplace木柴 firewood,标志性建筑landmark 手电筒flashlight,车前灯headlight床上用品 bedclothes,白昼 daylight白天daytime,晚间 night-time 总部/总公司 headquarters,拂晓 sunrise傍晚 sunset,阳光 sunshine城市商业区 downtown,小山坡 hillside合作teamwork,瀑布 waterfall降雨量 rainfall,视力eyesight薄饼pancake,仓库warehouse软件software,硬件 hardware 草地grassland,农田farmland大陆mainland,祖国homeland家乡 hometown,笔记本 notebook台式电脑 desktop,手提电脑 laptop立场 standpoint,邮递员 postman/mailman电子邮箱 mailbox,行李箱 suitcase公文包 briefcase,键盘 keyboard滑板 skateboard,滑雪板snowboard 冲浪板 surfboard,摩托车 motorcycle,彩虹 rainbow海岸线 coastline,截止日期 deadline准则 guideline,标题 headline雷暴 thunderstorm,机场airport飞机场 airfield,航空母舰aircraft carrier暴风雪 snowstorm,宇宙飞船 spacecraft/spaceship,航班 airline野外考察 fieldwork,烟灰缸 ashtray茶壶 teapot,牙刷toothbrush战时wartime,军舰 warship周工作日 weekday,周末 weekend车间 workshop,野生动物 wildlife 沙尘暴 sandstorm,泥石流mudslide 书架 bookshelf,数据库 database,高速公路 freeway/expressway/motorway,地铁underground/subway/metro/tube,鸡尾酒 cocktail庭院courtyard,墓地graveyard 手指甲 fingernail,明信片 postcard 观点viewpoint,飞机aircraft/aeroplane 书虫 bookworm,蚕 silkworm蚯蚓 earthworm,蝴蝶 butterfly蜻蜓 dragonfly,萤火虫firefly花生peanut,板栗 chestnut核桃walnut,椰子 coconut突破 breakthrough(,n,.),外卖食物 take-away聚会 get-together,化妆品 make-up机构 set-up,瞭望台 lookout收银台 checkout,体检 check-up中间人 go-between,成年人grown-up儿媳daughter-in-law,温室greenhouse下落 whereabouts,故障breakdown倒计时 countdown,密码password关键词keyword,养育 upbringing,爆发 outbreak(break out),衰败 downfall(fall down)收入 income(come in),结果 outcome(come out)旁观者 onlooker(look on),输入input(put in)输出/产量output(put out),出口 outlet(let out),
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