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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,上面各句都含有一个关系代词引导的,定语,从句。其中下划波浪线的部分是从句的,先行词,，黑斜体是,关系代词,，又被称作从句的,引导词,。这些词又可分为指人的,(,包括,:,who,/,whom,/,that,/,whose,),和指物的,(,包括,:,that,/,which,/,whose,),。,6. Whenever I met her,_,was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.,2009,山东高考,A. who,B. which,C. when,D. that,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意：无论我什么时候遇到她，她总是带着甜美的微笑跟我打招呼。本句为非限制性定语从句。用来解释说明整个句子，故用关系代词,which,。,关系词包括关系代词和关系副词：,关系代词：,that, which, who, whom, whose, as,关系副词：,when, where, why, how,主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整；,从句紧靠先行词，关系词引导要分清；,物用,which,人用,who,人物,that,有本领；,从名少定用,whose,关代作宾常可省；,限制非限制两种，逗号常是分水岭。,1.,上海世博园开园第一周就迎来过百万游客。,The number of people,that,come to visit Shanghai Expo park in the first week reaches more than one million.,分析：先行词,people,在从句中作,主语,。,2. The magazine (that/which) I bought yesterday is lost.,分析：先行词,magazine,在从句中作,宾语,。,译成汉语：,昨天我买的那本杂志丢了。,3. All,can be done has been done.,A. what,B. that,C. which,D. whom,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查关系代词的选择。先行词,all,是不定代词，且指物，关系代词一般用,that,。,4. The most important thing,we should pay attention to is the first thing,I have said.,A. that; which,B. which; that,C. which; which,D. that; that,【,解析,】,选,D,。第一个先行词,thing,前有最高级,most;,第二个先行词,thing,前有序数词,first,，所以都只能用,that,不用,which,。,5. Can you remember the scientist and his theory,we have learned?,A. who,B. which,C. that,D. whom,【,解析,】,选,C,。句中先行词为,the scientist and his theory,，既指人又指物，关系代词用,that,。,6. Do you still remember the chicken farm,we visited three months ago?,2011,临沂高一检测,A. where,B. when,C. that,D. what,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查关系代词的选择。由句意判断“,we visited three months ago”,为定语从句，修饰,the chicken farm,使用关系代词或关系副词主要取决于先行词指人还是指物且在从句中作什么成份，这里,visited,后缺少宾语，故选,C,。,1. that,与,which,的基本用法,2. that,与,which,的特殊用法,1),指物时只能用,that,不用,which,的几种情况,（,1,）当先行词是,anything, everything, nothing, something, all, none,等代词时，或由,every, any, all, little,等修饰时，,（,2,）当先行词被序数词修饰，,（,3,）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,（,4,）当先行词被,the very, the only,修饰时，,（,5,）当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。,2),指物时只用,which,不用,that,的情况,（,1,）引导非限制性定语从句时，,（,2,）当关系代词前使用介词时。,1. The person is standing under the tree. He is my English teacher. (,合并为一个句子,),The person who is standing under the tree is my English teacher.,2. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school,I met in the English speech contest last year.,2010,湖南高考,A. who,B. where,C. when,D. which,【,解析,】,选,A,。句意：我已经和我去年英语演讲比赛时认识的几个学生成为好朋友了。先行词为,students,指人且与从句谓语动词,met,构成动宾关系，故用关系代词,whom,。这里可用,who,代替,whom,故选,A,。,3. The old man,yesterday is a scientist.,A. I spoke,B. I spoke to,C. whom I spoke,D. that I spoke to him,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查,whom,引导的定语从句。与某人说话常用,speak to sb.,的结构，且引导词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略；,D,项中,him,与,the old man,重复，该去掉，故选,B,。,4. Anyone,who,breaks the law will be punished.,5. Who is the man,that,is standing by the gate?,6. Those,who,learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.,7. Shanghai is no longer the city,that,it used to be.,8. Theres a gentleman,who,wants to see you.,9. The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor,who,is very modest and works very hard.,who,与,whom,的用法,(1),指人时只用,that,不用,who,的情况,当先行词同时包括人和物时。,当先行词是,who,时。,当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时（可省略）。,（,2,）指人时只用,who,不用,that,的情况,先行词为,one, ones, anyone,或,those,指代人时。,there be,开头的句子中，句子的主语是先行词，而且是人。,一个句子同时有两个定语从句，其中一个是由,that,引导的，另一个用,who,以免重复。,在非限制性定语从句中。,1. The classroom,whose,door is broken will soon be repaired.,Do you like the book,whose cover,is yellow?,2. Thats the new machine,parts are too small to be seen.,2010,山东高考,A. that,B. which,C. whose,D. what,【,解析,】,选,C,。句意：那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。从句子结构分析,parts,与,machine,是所属关系，所以要用关系代词中的,whose “,谁的”指代,machines,作,parts,的定语。,3. Look out! Dont get too close to the house,roof is under repair.,A. whose,B. which,C. of which,D. what,【,解析,】,选,A,。从句子结构分析，,roof,与,house,是所属关系，即,the houses roof,所以用,whose,指代,the houses,作定语。,whose,的用法,注意观察,whose,引导的定语从句的特征，只要先行词与空格后的名词或代词有修饰或所属关系，就要考虑选用关系词,whose,特别是先行词指物时，易被忽略。,单句改错,1. The man which I met today told me to come back.,【,解析,】,whichwhom/who/that,2. Some of the girls I invited them did not come.,【,解析,】,删去,them,，因为关系词在定语从句中作宾语且被省略了。,4. Children eat much sugar often get bad teeth.,【,解析,】,在,Children,和,eat,中间加上关系词,who,。,5. This is who everyone respects.,【,解析,】,who,引导的定语从句前无先行词，故应在,who,前加上,the person/man,等名词。,6. Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.,【,解析,】,hashave,因为,who,指代的,those,是复数。,关系代词引导的定语从句中的易错点,1.,关系代词的误用。指人还是指物的，作主语、宾语还是定语判断不清。,2.,先行词的遗漏。有些定语从句前往往会被遗漏先行词，从而使句子不完整。,3.,关系代词的遗漏。定语从句中不能省略的关系代词容易被遗漏。,4.,定语从句中主谓不一致。因判断不清先行词的单复数而导致从句中主谓使用不一致。,.,用适当的关系代词填空,1. This is the very novel about,which,weve talked so much.,2. This is the way,that/in which/,不填,he did it.,3. Who is the student,that,was late for school today?,4. Who,that,knows him wants to make friends with him.,5. He lives in the room,whose,window faces to the south.,6. Yesterday I helped an old man,who,lost his way.,.,将下列句子改为含有定语从句的复合句,1. I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.,I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.,2. Last week Mary was wearing the dress. I gave it to her.,Last week Mary was wearing the dress that/which I gave to her.,3. The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese.,The girl whose father is a Chinese is from America.,4. Who is the man? He is drawing a picture over there.,Who is the man that is drawing a picture over there?,5. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.,My grandparents live in a house which is more than 100 years old.,.,单句改错,1. Who is the man whom you said hello to just now?,答案：,whom that,2. This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.,答案：,that which,3. It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.,答案：,which that,4. This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.,答案：,were was,5. The man came yesterday is our English teacher.,答案：,man,后面加,who,.,单项填空,1. I will remember those days _ we spent in the countryside together.,A. what,B. when,C. whom,D. which,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意：我将记住我们一起在乡下度过的日子。从句中,spent,后缺少宾语，故选,D,。,2. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.,A. who,B. that,C. as,D. what,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。不定代词,something,作先行词时，用,that,引导。,3. The things and people,my grandpa told me when I was young still remain fresh in my mind.,A. whom,B. that,C. which,D. who,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。先行词既有人又有物时，只能选,that,，不选,which, who,或,whom,。,4. I shall never forget those days_I spent with the earthquake victims(,受害者,), _ has a great effect on my life.,2011,信阳高一检测,A. that; which,B. when; that,C. which; that,D. when; who,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意：我将永远不会忘记我与地震受害者一起度过的那些日子，这对我的生活产生了重大影响。第一个定语从句中缺少宾语，故选,which,或,that;,第二个定语从句中缺少主语，而且又是非限制性定语从句，只能用,which,，故选,A,。,5. In China, the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world.,A. where,B. which,C. whose,D. that,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意：在中国，其发展得到全世界认可的城市的数量在增加。,development,与先行词,cities,之间是所属关系，所以选,whose,。,6,Which is the bike _ you lost?,A,that,B,which,C,who,D,whose,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查关系词的选择。句意：你丢的自行车是哪一辆？先行词是,the bike,且在从句中作宾语，当先行词前面有,which,时，关系词常用,that,。,7. There is a boy,downstairs.,2011,临沂高一检测,A. who wants to see you,B. whom wants to see you,C. which wants to see you,D. he wants to see you,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。先行词为人且关系代词在从句中作主语，故用,who,作引导词，故选,A,。,8. He is the only one of the students who,a winner of scholarship for three years.,A. is,B. are,C. have been,D. has been,【,解析,】,选,D,。关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由先行词决定。本题中，先行词是“,the only one”,为单数，故谓语动词用单数形式，而且“,for three years”,又常与完成时连用，故选,D,。,A,、,B,两项时态不对，,C,项是复数形式。,【,规律方法,】,定语从句中的主谓一致知多少,在定语从句中，当关系代词,who, that, which,等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中的人称和数相一致，但是在“,one of +,复数名词,+,定语从句”的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式有下列两种情况：, 根据先行词为复数名词而定，采取复数形式。例如：,His brother is one of the students who are ready to help others.,他的哥哥是那些乐于助人的学生中的一个。,当,one,之前有,the only (,或,the very),等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句应根据,one,而定，采取单数形式。例如：,She is the only one of the girls who comes from the countryside.,她是惟一的一个来自乡下的女孩。,9. Those,want to see the film put down your names please.,A. that,B. which,C. who,D. whose,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是,those, ones, anyone, people,等指人时，用,who,引导。,10. Tom is good at math, so I think he is the student,can help you to work out this problem.,A. whom,B. which,C. what,D. who,【,解析,】,选,D,。先行词为,the student,，且定语从句中缺主语，因此应用,who,引导定语从句。,11. We visited a factory,makes toys for children.,A. where,B. which,C. in which,D. who,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句的引导词的选择。先行词为,factory,而且定语从句中又缺主语，故排除,C,项；,A,项是关系副词，只能作状语；,who,指人。故选,B,。,12. Ill show you a store,you may buy all,you need.,A. where; which,B. in which; that,C. which; that,D. that; that,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意：我要告诉你一个商店，在那里你可以买到所有你需要的东西。结合语境，先行词为,store,，从句中缺少地点状语，故第一个空应用,in which,或,where,；第二个空先行词为,all,，故定语从句用,that,引导。正确答案为,B,。,13. Do you remember the place,_,we visited last year,？,A. that,B. where,C. when,D. in which,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意：你记得我们去年参观的那个地方吗？先行词,the place,在定语从句中作,visit,的宾语，故用关系代词,that,或,which,，故选,A,。注意：此题易误选,B,项。,14. I dont believe them at first but in fact everything,was true.,A. that they said,B. what they said,C. which they said,D. that said,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，,everything,后为定语从句，,what,不能引导定语从句，故排除,B,项；,D,项中成分不全；不定代词作先行词时，用,that,引导定语从句。注意：不要将此题误选为,B,项。,Thank you!,
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