《虚拟语气课件》PPT课件

何 谓 “ 语 气 ”是 一 种 动 词 形 式 ， 表 示 说话 人 对 某 一 行 为 或 事 情 的 看 法 和 态度 。 英 语 中 的 语 气 英 语 中 共 有 三种 语 气 陈 述 语 气(the Indicative Mood)祈 使 语 气(the Imperative Mood)虚 拟 语 气(the Subjunctive Mood) 陈 述 语 气 ： 用 来 陈 述 一 个 事 实 ， 有 肯定 、 否 定 、 疑 问 或 感 叹 等 形 式 。 What will you do if it rains tomorrow? I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 祈 使 语 气 ： 用 来 表 示 请 求 、 邀 请 、命 令 、 警 告 或 劝 告 等 。 虚 拟 语 气 虚 拟 语 气 ： 是 一 种 特 殊 的 动 词 形 式 。 他 的 作 用 是 ： 表 示 说 话 人 所 说 的 话不 是 一 个 事 实 ， 而 是 一 种 假 设 、 猜测 、 怀 疑 、 愿 望 、 要 求 、 命 令 、 建议 等 。 I have a car. 我 有 一 部 车 。 （ 指 现 在 有 ） I had a car. 我 有 一 部 车 。 （ 指 过 去 有 ） I wish I had a car. 但 愿 我 有 一 部 车 。 （ 实 际 没 有 ， 表愿 望 ） 一、if 条件句中的虚拟语气时 间 If 条 件 句 主 句过 去现 在将 来 had done（ 过 去 完 成 时 ）过 去 式 (did)be were did / were should +do were to do would should +have done sthcouldmightwould should + do sthcouldmightwould should + do sthcouldmight 1.表 示 与 现 在 事 实 相 反 的 假 设连 词 条 件 从 句 动 词 主 句 动 词if 动 词 过 去 式(be只 用 were的 形 式 ） should (would/ could/ might )+ do(should只 用 于 第 一 人 称 )如 果 我 有 时 间 ， 我 就 要 学 习 英 语 。If I _(have) time, I _(study) English.had would study如 果 我 是 你 ， 我 就 会 买 这 栋 房 子 。If I _(be) you, I _(buy) the house.were Would buy如 果 我 能 飞 ， 我 要 飞 到 空 中 。If I _(can fly), I _（ fly) in the sky.could fly would fly 1. If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2. If I had some money, I _ the poor boy. A help B will help C. would help D. would have help3. If I _ ten years younger, I _ out to try my luck.A. am, would go B. was, will go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone 2.表 示 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 的 假 设连 词 条 件 从 句 的 动 词 主 句 动 词if had done (过 去 完 成时 ） should/ would (could/ might) + have done如 果 我 采 纳 了 你 的 建 议 ， 我 就 不 会 犯 这 个 错 误 了 。If I _(take) your advice, I _(make) this mistake.had takenwouldnt have made如 果 他 当 时 用 功 学 习 的 话 ， 他 可 能 就 得 到 奖 学 金 了 。If he _(study) hard, he _(win) the scholarship.Had studied如 果 昨 天 他 见 到 你 ， 他 就 可 能 问 你 这 个 问 题 。If he _(see) you yesterday, he _(ask) you about it.could have winhad seenWould have asked 1. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport. A. had met B. met C. would meet D. would have met2.The fire _, if you had been more careful .A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt3. If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got Dc D 3.与 将 来 事 实 相 反 的 假 设连 词 条 件 从 句 动 词 主 句 动 词if 动 词 过 去 式(did/were) should +动 词 原 形 were to+动 词 原 形 should (would/ could/ might )+ do即 使 太 阳 从 西 边 出 来 ， 我 也 不 会 改 变 我 的 心 意 。If the sun _(raise) in the west, I _(not change) my mind. raised/should raid/ were to raisewould not change 如 果 明 天 下 雨 ， 我 们 将 不 去 公 园 了 。If it _(rain) tomorrow, we _ (go) to the park.rained would not go如 果 我 们 再 有 另 外 7天 假 的 话 ， 我 们 都 会 感 到跟 高 兴 的 。If we _(have) another 7-day holiday, all of us _(be) more happierhadwould be 1. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 2. If it _ rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film.A. would B. should C. could D. might3. If it _ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.A. is B. be C. were D. are 一、if 条件句中的虚拟语气时 间 If 条 件 句 主 句过 去现 在将 来 had done（ 过 去 完 成 时 ）过 去 式 (did)be were did / were should +do were to do would should +have done sthcouldmightwould should + do sthcouldmightwould should + do sthcouldmight 1. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented2. If my father _ here the day after tomorrow, he _ me at all.A. came, cant see B comes, couldnt see C. comes, couldnt have seen D. came, couldnt see3. If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay 如 果 明 天 下 雾 ， 我 就 不 能 开 车 去 购 物 。 If it _ foggy tomorrow, I _ my car to go shopping. 2. 如 果 我 是 一 个 男 孩 ， 我 当 然 会 去 参 军 . If I _ a boy, I _ certainly join the army. 3. 如 果 你 开 车 更 小 心 一 点 ， 就 不 会 出 这 样 的 事故 . If you _ your car more carefully, such a traffic accident _. werecouldnt drive were would had driven couldnt have happened 4. 错 综 时 间 条 件 句 条 件 从 句 谓 语 动 词 发 生 的 时 间 与 主 句 所 假设 的 谓 语 动 词 不 一 致 ， 叫 做 错 综 时 间 条 件条 件 句 。 主 句 和 从 句 的 谓 语 动 词 要 根 据 各 自 所 指 的不 同 时 间 选 用 适 当 的 虚 拟 语 气 形 式 。 如 果 你 昨 天 与 他 交 谈 一 下 ， 你 就 知 道 现 在该 做 什 么 了 。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如 果 你 （ 那 时 ） 听 从 我 的 建 议 的 话 ， 现 在 就 不会 有 事 了 。 （ 从 句 说 的 是 过 去 的 事 情 ， 而 主句 说 的 是 现 在 的 事 情 ） If you _(follow) the doctors advice, you _(be) all right now. 如 果 气 候 再 好 些 ， 庄 稼 会 长 的 更 好 。 If the weather _(be) finer, the crops _(be) growing still better. had followedwould behad beenwould be 1. If you _ the medicine, you _ better now. A. took ; would feel B. had taken ; felt C. had taken ; would feel D. took ; would have felt 2. If you were older , I _ you to go there yesterday . A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 3.If we had known that she had planned to go abroad today, we _ at the airport. A. will see her off B. have seen her off C. would see her off D. had seen her off4. - Is he feeling any better ? - No, if he had followed the doctors advice, he _ quite all right now . A. will have been B. would have been C. would be D. will be 5.条 件 句 中 虚 拟 语 气 的 倒 装 ； 条 件 从 句 中 含 有 should， were， had 三 个 助动 词 ,并 且 条 件 句 在 句 子 前 面 ， 可 以 把 if省 略 ，然 后 把 相 应 助 动 词 提 到 句 首 。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. 1. If there should be a flood, what should we do? _a flood, what should we do?2. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. . _I would have run round that lake again.3. If I had taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. _my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.Should there beHad I had timeHad I taken 1. Had I known her name, _ A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live? C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch. 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 2. _ your offer of rice and vegetables, we would have gone hungry.A. If it hasnt been for B. WithC. Has it not been for D. Had it not been for 注 ： 并 不 是 所 有 的 if引 导 的 条 件 句 都 用 虚 拟语 气 。 当 if引 导 的 条 件 句 的 假 设 非 常 可 能 实 现 时 ，就 不 用 虚 拟 语 气 ， 这 种 条 件 句 叫 做 “ 真 实条 件 句 ” 。 If the temperature(温 度 ) is up to 100 , the water will boil. It is raining. If we go out, well get wet. Hurry up! If we dont hurry, well be late. If he comes, tell him to wait. 需 要 用 虚 拟 的 条 件 句 ， 叫 做 “ 虚 拟 条 件句 ” 。 1. The volleyball match will be put off, if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained2. - Would you have called her up, _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. it had been was B. if it was were C. if it had been had been D. if it were would be BA 6. 含 蓄 虚 拟 条 件 句 有 时 假 设 的 情 况 并 不 以 if引 导 的 条 件 句 的 形式 表 现 出 来 。 而 是 通 过 一 个 介 词 短 语 或 其 他方 式 表 现 出 来 ， 这 叫 做 含 蓄 虚 拟 语 气 条 件 句 。 without, with, but for(要 不 是 ), under eg. Without your help(= if we had no had your help), we could not have succeeded. 如 果 没 有 你 的 帮 助 ， 我 们 是 不 会 成 功 的 。 eg. With better equipment（ = If we had had better equipment), we could have done it better. 如 果 又 跟 好 的 设 备 ， 我 们 也 许 会 做 的 更 好 。 eg. But for electricity(= if there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要 是 没 有 电 ， 就 不 会 有 现 代 工 业 。 eg. Under such circumstances, I would have done the same. 在 这 样 的 情 况 下 ， 我 也 会 做 同 样 的 事 情 。 二 、 名 词 性 从 句 中 的 虚 拟 语 气主 语 从 句 ， 宾 语 从 句 ，表 语 从 句 ， 同 位 语 从 句 主 语 从 句 中 的 虚 拟 语 气(should +do) 句 型 1. It is+ adj. +that引 导 的 主 语 从 句 此 句 型 中 adj. 指 的 是 形 容 事 情 重 要 性 ， 令 人吃 惊 ， 失 望 的 形 容 词 。 如 ： important, essential( 紧 要 的 ), vital(极 其 重 要的 )urgent( 紧 迫 的 ), imperative(迫 切 的 ） ，necessary, appropriate(适 当 的 ), advisable(合 理 的 ), natural, proper(合 适 的 ), strange 重 要 的 是 你 一 定 要 吃 药 。 It is important that you _(take) the medicine. 他 有 必 要 参 加 这 次 考 试 。 It is necessary that he _ (take) the exam. 她 竟 然 嫁 给 了 这 种 人 ， 真 奇 怪 /令 人 惊 奇 /令 人失 望 。 It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she should marry such a man.(should) take(should) take 句 型 2： It is a pity/ shame that. It is a pity/ shame that he (should) be late. 真 可 惜 ， 他 竟 然 迟 到 了 。 句 型 3： It is+ 过 去 分 词 + that. 过 去 分 词 指 ： 表 示 建 议 ， 命 令 ， 要 求 的 。如 ： ordered, suggested, requested, required, recommended, demanded, desired.e.g. It suggested that he should join the club activities. 有 人 建 议 他 应 该 参 加 俱 乐 部 活 动 1. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak2. It is strange that he _ so. A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak3.It is suggested that we _ (make) a special study of the problem. Its vital to her that she _ (take) this medicine. (Should) maketake 2. 宾 语 从 句 中 的 虚 拟 语 气（ 1） 常 见 动 词 ： 一 个 坚 持 ， 两 个 命 令 ， 三 个 建 议 ， 四 个 要 求 。1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , require, request, desire 这 些 动 词 后 面 的 宾 语从 句 要 使 用 虚 拟 语 气 。即 :从 句 中 的 动 词 使 用should + 动 词 原 形 ， 或者 将 should省 略 。 我 们 建 议 Tom 去 休 息 一 下 。 他 坚 决 要 求 我 到 场 。We suggested that Tom _ a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.（ should） have 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 注意： 当 insist： 不 表 示 “ 坚 持 要 某 人 做 某事 ” ， 而 表 示 “ 坚 持 说 ， 坚 决 认 为 ” 不用 虚 拟 语 气 ， 用 陈 述 语 气 。 当 suggest: 不 表 示 “ 建 议 某 人 做 某事 ” ,而 表 示 “ 暗 示 ” 时 ， 不 用 虚 拟 ， 用陈 述 语 气 。 他 坚 持 说 他 是 对 的 。 He insisted that he was right.他 坚 持 要 求 我 们 到 场 。1) He insisted that we should present. （ 2） 她 脸 上 的 微 笑 暗 示 我 做 的 好 。 The smile on her face suggested I did a good job. 老 师 建 议 我 们 多 读 英 语 。O ur teacher suggested that we read more English. 1. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 2. Marys uncle insists_ in this hotel . A, not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 3.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C. have D. will have 3. 表 语 从 句 和 同 位 语 从 句 中 的 虚 拟 语 气 一 个 坚 持 ， 两 个 命 令 ， 三 个 建 议 ， 四 个 要 求 。相应的名词 insistenceorder， commandsuggestion, advice, proposaldemand, requirement, request, desire修 饰 这 些 名 词 时 表 语 从 句和 同 位 语 也 要 使 用 虚 拟 语气 。 从 句 中 的 动 词 形 式 should +v. 我 的 建 议 是 在 村 庄 周 围 多 种 些 树 。 My advice is that more trees _ (plant) around the village. 他 们 的 提 议 是 要 我 们 为 他 们 成 立 一 所 业 余 学校 。 Their proposal is that we _ (set up) a spare time school for them. 他 的 意 见 是 我 们 应 讨 论 一 下 这 个 报 告 。 His requirement is that we _ (discuss) the report. (should) be plantedshould set up(should) discuss 我 们 都 同 意 他 的 意 见 ， 去 北 京 观 光 。 We all agreed to his suggestion that we _ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing. 你 认 为 我 们 立 即 开 始 第 二 次 实 验 的 意 见 怎 么样 ？ What do you think of the idea that we _(begin) the second experiment at once? 我 们 所 有 的 人 都 赞 同 关 闭 这 家 化 工 厂 。All of us are for the that the chemical factory _ (be)closed down.(should) goshould beginshould be 1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. try B. tries C. must try D. can try 2. The order that the prisoner _arrived too late. A. is set free B. should set free C. be set free D. will be set free3. His suggestion that the meeting_ was turned down. A. be delayed B. will be delayed C. would delayed D. is delayed 4. My is that she _to see me once a week. A. should came B. will come C. is coming D. come5. The order is that you _ that person as quickly as possible. A. found B. will find C. should find D. would find 1.用 虚 拟 语 气 的 名 词 性 从 句 ， 都 是 that引 导的 。 2.用 虚 拟 语 气 的 名 词 性 从 句 ， 其 形 式 都 是 ： should + do (should 可 以 省 略 ）3. 主 语 从 句 “ it is that” 宾 、 表 、 同 位 语 从 句 ： 注 意 表 示 一 个 坚 持 ，两 个 命 令 ， 三 个 建 议 ， 四 个 要 求 的 词 。 三 、 其 他 句 型 中 的 虚 拟 语 气 1. wish的 宾 语 从 句 wish的 宾语 从 句现在：过去：未来：过去时 (did/were)过去完成时 (had done)would/could/might+V. 不能用shouldI wish I were a bird. (现 在 )I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. (过 去 )We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未 来 ) 1.- He is a very brave man . -Yes , I wish I _his courage . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 2. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night . was B. were C. had been D. should go 3.I wish I _ you yesterday . seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 4. I wish I _ ten years younger . A. am B. were C. am going to D. be 5.I wish that you _. get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job 6. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 7. -You _ have set aside more time to play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you know how busy I was . should; would B. could ; did A. C. might ; should D. should ; had 2. Its time +that 从 句 中 要 用虚 拟 语 气 （ 过 去 式 或 should + do)不 可 省 略 should你 该 走 了 。(about/high)Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.我 们 该 去 睡 觉 了 。Its time that we _ (go) to bed .Its time that we _(go) to bed. wentshould go 1. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began2.- Tommy , isnt it time you _ the school bus ?- O kay, I _ my breakfast .A. should catch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishingC. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 24. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started 3. would rather+ that 引导宾语从句中（ 我 宁 愿 ) 过 去 :现 在 ：未 来 ：过去时( did/ were)过去时( did/ were)过去完成时(had done)我 宁 愿 你 现 在 就 付 给 我 钱 。 （ 现 在 ）I would rather you _(pay) me now.paid我 宁 愿 你 昨 天 也 走 了 。 （ 过 去 ） I would rather you _ (go) too yesterday. had gone 别 来 ， 我 宁 愿 你 明 天 来 。 (未 来 )Dont come. I would rather you_ (come) tomorrow. came 回 顾 ： would rather + 动 词 原 形 意 谓 “ 宁 可 ” 、“ 宁 愿 ” 、 “ 最 好 ” E.g.： Hed rather work in the countryside. 其 否 定 形 式 是 would rather not do sth E.g. : Mr. Li would rather not listen to rock music. 如 果 表 示 对 过 去 的 愿 望 ： would rather+ have done 我 宁 愿 昨 天 没 有 碰 到 他 。 I would rather not have met you yesterday. 1. - Do you mind if I leave the window open? - Well, Id rather you _ . A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. mustnt2. - Would you like to work in my company? - Sorry , Id rather _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your company . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 3. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done as if 和 as though 都 表 示 “ 好 像 是 ” ， 引 导的 从 句 只 要 表 示 “ 与 事 实 相 反 的 ” ， 都 要用 虚 拟 语 气 。4. as if /though + 从 句现在：过去：过去时/ were过去完成时他 的 说 话 就 像 是 认 识 我 一 样 。He talks as if he _ (know) me.她 像 爱 自 己 儿 子 一 样 爱 这 个 孩 子 。She loves the baby as if it _(be) her own son.wereknew我 记 得 这 件 事 ， 好 像 昨 天 刚 发 生 一 样 。I remember the whole thing as if it _(happen) yesterday.had happened ： 此 句 型 中 的 “ 现 在 ” 和 “ 过 去 ”指 是 :as if 应 到 的 从 句 动 词 和 主 句 动 词 之 间的 关 系 。 (1) 现 在 ： 指 从 句 动 词 和 主 句 动 词 同 时 发 生 : He looks as if he were ill. (他 现 在 看 起 来 好 像 有 病 。 ) He looked as if he were ill. (他 那 时 看 起 来 好 像 有 病 。 ) (2) 过 去 ： 指 的 是 从 句 动 词 发 生 在 主 句 动 词之 前 ： I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. 1. Franklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 2. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A. is B. were C. has been D. be 3.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _ all about that. A. know B. knows C. known D. knew 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has breaks C. were broken D. had been broken2. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 5.even if / though 引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 时 ，表 示 “ 即 使 ” ， 导 表 示 真 实 情 况 相 反 的 情 况时 ， 需 要 使 用 虚 拟 。时 间 引 导 词 从 句 动 词 主 句 动 词 过 去 Even if 过 去 完 成 时( had done) would/ should/ could/ might+ have dong现 在 或将 来 过 去 时 （ be 用 were) would/ should/ could/ might+ 动 词 原 形 (do) 即 使 我 现 在 有 车 ， 我 也 不 借 给 你 。 Even if I _(have) a car, I _ ( not lend) it to you.had即 使 毛 主 席 在 这 里 ， 我 也 这 么 说 。Even if Chairman Mao _ (be) here, I would still say like this. were would not lend即 使 昨 天 他 不 帮 我 ， 我 也 能 找 到 他 。Even if you _(help) me, I _ (find) him too.had not helpedcould have found 1. - Could I have another chance? - I have married now. Even I _ you earlier, I _ you. A. know; would not marry B. had known; would not marry C. known; would not have married D. had known; would not have married 2. Even if he _ money, he would not help you. A. had B. have C. had had D. would have 6. If only 要 是 就 好 了 If only 引 导 的 感 叹 句 要 求 用 虚 拟 语 气 ， 表 示 愿 望 。 表 示 与 现 在 或 未 来 事 实 相 反 的 愿 望 ：用 过 去 式 或 ” would/ could + 动 词 原 形要 是 他 在 这 儿 就 好 了 。If only he _ (be) here!were你 要 是 听 我 们 的 建 议 就 好 了 。If only you _ (listen) to our advice.would listen 表 示 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 的 愿 望 要 是 上 周 我 不 忙 该 多 好 啊 。 If only I _( be ) busy last week!had been过 去 完 成 时 ： had done如 果 你 听 我 们 的 建 议 就 好 了 。If only you _ (listen) to our advice.had listened 1. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen2. If only I _ my watch! A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt lost D. dont lose3. I miss Tommy very much! If only I _him again! A. see B. will see C. could see D. had seen