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单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 4 Body language,人教版英语,动词的,ing,形式作定语和状语,.,动词,ing,形式作定语,动词,ing,形式作定语时，有时表示用途，意为,“,供,之用的,”,，此时为动名词；有时表示所修饰的对象的动作或状态，可以表示正在进行的动作或经常性或当时的状态，此时常被称为现在分词。单个动词,ing,形式作定语时常放于被修饰的词前，而短语则常放于被修饰的词之后。,a walking stick,拐杖,a stick for walking,a stick which is used for walking,a washing machine,洗衣机,a machine for washing,a machine which is used for washing,a reading room,阅览室,a room for reading,a room which is used for reading,sleeping pills,安眠药,pills for sleeping,pills which is used for sleeping,Make less noise.Theres a sleeping child.,不要弄出太大声音，有个孩子在睡觉。,The man sitting at that desk is our monitor.,The man who is sitting at that desk is our monitor.,坐在那张桌子前的那个人是我们的班长。,May I have a room facing the sea?,May I have a room which faces the sea?,我可以要一间面向大海的房子吗？,.,动词的,ing,形式作状语,现在分词和分词短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随状况。,1,原因状语,现在分词作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。现在分词作原因状语时要特别注意现在分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。,1),当现在分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生时或近于同时发生时，要使用现在分词的一般形式。,Fearing that the police would recognize him he never went out in daylight.,As he feared that the police would recognize him he never went out in daylight.,因为害怕警察认出他来，他从不白天出门。,Being a student he was naturally interested in museums.,Because/As he was a student,he was naturally interested in museums.,他作为一个学生，自然对博物馆感兴趣。,2),当现在分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生时，用现在分词的完成式。,Having talked with John,I realized my mistake.,和约翰谈话之后，我意识到了自己的错误。,Having failed twice,，,he didnt want to try again.,已经失败了两次，他不想再试了。,2,时间状语,现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于,when,while,引导的时间状语从句。现在分词短语作时间状语时，可以转变为一个时间状语从句。现在分词的完成式作状语的情况经常出现，应注意现在分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作的时间关系。,1),主语所做的一个动作紧接着所做的另一个动作，第一个动作常常用现在分词来表示，而且分词必须放在前面。能够用于这种用法的动词都是瞬间动词。,Hearing the news,they couldnt help jumping.,On hearing the news,they couldnt help jumping.,听到这个消息时，他们禁不住跳了起来。,Opening the drawer he took out a handgun.,他打开抽屉，拿出了一把手枪。,2),主语同时做出两个动作时，通常其中的一个动作可以由现在分词来表示，这时分词既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在之后。此外，现在分词,(,短语,),前面一般加,when,或,while.,When leaving the station,he waved again and again to me.,离开车站的时候，他向我频频挥手。,He rode away whistling.,他吹着口哨骑马走了。,3),当分词的动作完成以后，主句的动作才发生时，用现在分词的完成形式作状语，放在句子前面，译作,“,在,之后,”,，此时它可以置换为,“,after,动名词,”,这一结构。,Having turned off the TV set,he began to go over his lessons.,After turning off the TV set,，,he began to go over his lessons.,关掉电视机以后，他便开始复习功课。,Having tied one end of the rope to his bed,he threw the other end out of the window.,他把绳子的一头系在床上，另一头扔出窗外。,3,方式状语和伴随状语,现在分词作方式状语和伴随状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。它表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生。此时它可以转换成并列句。,He sat in the armchair,reading the newspaper.,他坐在扶手椅上读报纸。,They started his breath using a,mouthtomouth,way.,他们采用口对口的方法，使他恢复了呼吸。,4,结果状语,现在分词短语用作结果状语，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种自然的结果。,The snow lasted a week,resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole city.,雪下了一个星期，造成整个城市交通瘫痪。,The plate dropped from her hands,breaking into pieces.,盘子从她手中掉了下来，成了碎片。,5,条件状语,(,If)Playing,all day,you will waste your valuable time.,如果玩一整天，你就会浪费了宝贵的时间。,Staying here for some time,youll find the people here are friendly.,如果在此呆上一段时间，你会发现这儿的人们很友好。,6,让步状语,Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.,尽管雨下得很大，很快就会天晴。,Whether waking or sleeping,he was devoted to the subject.,无论他是醒着还是睡着了，他沉溺于这个主题。,【,知识拓展,】,1),通常认为分词是说明它前面的名词或代词。,Romeo,believing that Juliet was dead,decided to kill himself.,罗密欧相信朱丽叶已死，就决定自杀。,Tom,horrified at what he had done,，,could at first say nothing.,汤姆被自己所做的事吓坏了，一开始都说不出话来了。,2),但要注意分词也可能被主要动词把它跟所说明的名词或代词隔开。,She rushed past the policeman,hoping he wouldnt ask what she had in her suitcase.,她赶紧从警察身边走过去，希望他不会问起手提箱里有什么。,Jones and Smith came in,followed by their wives.,琼斯和史密斯进来了，他们的妻子跟在后边。,3),如果在分词前面没有名词或代词，则认为分词是说明后面主要动词的主语的。,Believing that he is alone,the villain expresses his thoughts aloud.,那恶棍相信他身边没别人了，出声说出了自己的想法。,Stunned by the blow,Peter fell heavily.,彼得被这一击打昏了，重重地倒了下去。,(,彼得被击晕了。,),注意：如果不遵守上述法则，就会造成混乱。例如：,Waiting for a bus,a brick fell on my head.,的意思似乎是说砖头在等候公共汽车，那岂非笑话。分词与名词或代词被这样错误地连接时就叫作误连分词。上述句子应改写成：,As I was waiting for a bus a brick fell on my head.,在我等公共汽车时一块砖头落到了我的头上。,下面再举两个误连分词的例子：,(,误,)When using this machine it must be remembered.,(,正,)When using this machine you must remember.,使用这台机器时,(,你,),必须记住,(,误,)Believing that I was the only person who knew about this beach,the sight of someone else on it annoyed me very much.,(,正,)As I believed I was the only person/Believing that I was the only person on the beach,，,I was annoyed by the sight of someone else.,因我自以为是唯一一个在这海滩上的人，看到有别人在这里时所以心里很不高兴。,.,动词,ing,的形式,1),一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生。,She sat by the window,enjoying the beautiful sights outside.,她坐在窗边，欣赏着窗外的风景。,Walking around the city,we were impressed by the citys new look.,在城里走时，城市的新容给我们留下了深刻的印象。,2),完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前；此外，如果第一个动作持续一段时间时，也必须用分词的完成式。,Having finished his homework,he went out.,做完作业后，他出去了。,Having been his own boss for such a long time,，,he found it hard to accept orders from another.,自己当老板已经这么久了，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。,3),被动式：一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生的被动的动作；完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。,Being asked to give a performance,Mary couldnt very well refused.,有人请玛丽表演节目，她不好拒绝。,Having been given such a good chance,how could she let it slip?,人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易
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