段落推展方法

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Lecture Five,Paragraph,段落,第二节,段落推展方法,推展句,The topic sentence states the main idea of a paragraph,while the supporting sentences develop the main idea of the paragraph specifically.,推展句的写作方法：定义法，分类法，例证法，列举法，因果关系法，对照比较法（类比法），综合法。,定义法(,definition),Love is an intimate and close feeling among people.Love,means,the caring and concern for each other.To love,is to,understand other people and accept their strengths and weaknesses.Love is in the whole life of the people.To love and to be loved affords true happiness in life.,表示定义的方法,Mean,Be,Refer to,Be defined as,By saying _,we mean _.,Examples,Good manners,are important to us.Good manners,mean,politeness in social activities.Politeness,refers to,good behavior in social communications.A polite person is popular everywhere and is respected by others.,Generation gap,refers to,the distance and contradiction between the old and the young.As a social phenomenon,it results from,the different psychological qualities of the two age groups.,It exists,in all times and in all cultures and,affects,a wide range of aspects of life,from their attitudes about social events to their choices of clothes and foods.,Perseverance,is fundamental to people who undertake great deeds.Perseverance can,be defined as,steadfastness in purpose.,It is perseverance that,keeps people continually doing something valuable and admirable in spite of difficulties and discouragement.And,it is perseverance that,leads people with strong determinations to success in both career and life.,From the above,examples(sample,paragraphs),we can find that this mode of developing a paragraph applies to certain abstract topics:love,perseverance,good manners,generation gaps and so on.,从上面的例段中，可以看出定义法使用于,较抽象的话题。,分类法(,classification),Generally speaking,there are 2,kinds,of books:recreational and non-recreational books.,Recreational books,are those that people read for passing their time.They read them for pleasure,usually in a state of relaxation.Novels,plays and fables are typical of this kind.,Non-recreational books,are those that people read for knowledge.They study them slowly and even laboriously.Textbooks and books on some specialized knowledge belong to this,category,.,表示分类的方法,Fall into,Can be classified into,Can be divided into,Can be categorized into,There are _ types(kinds,sorts,classes)of _.,_ are of _ kinds.,Examples,Recreational activities are necessary to peoples life.,Recreational activities,fall into,major two types,physical activities and mental(intellectual)activities.,Physical activities,keep people healthy and energetic,while,mental ones,can relax peoples tiring mind and make people escape from daily troubles.,We cannot live without music.Different people prefer to listen to different kinds of music.,Music,can be divided into several categories,.For example,there are classical music,traditional music,rock music and jazz music.,Modern life cannot exist without,transportation,.In general,there are,7,different means of,transportation.They are traveling by air,by train,by(public)bus,by(private)car,by ship,by bike and on foot.,College students are supposed to get to know the society outside campus.,There are diverse means through which,they can achieve the objective.For example,they can,find some part-time jobs,participate in social practice,.They can also know about the society by,reading the newspapers,listening to the radio,and,watching TV,.,例证法(,exemplification),There is nothing hard in the world for people with a strong will.,A task,no matter how difficult,can be accomplished if a person makes up his mind to do it.,Take,Rome,as an example,.It is known that Rome was not built in a day.Before she was built,her founders had suffered a great deal of severe hardship,but they never lost their faith and eventually succeeded in their efforts.Columbus,who discovered America,is another example,of strong determination.In spite of defeat and affliction,he went forward and succeeded because of his singleness of purpose and perseverance.,表示例证的方法,For example,for instance,as an example,for a typical example,Such as,like,and so on.,Lets illustrate,show,prove with the following example.,Lets take as an example,An example,an instance,a case in point,Example,The development of science and technology has brought about many changes in peoples life.This can,be best illustrated by,the invention of television,which has opened a new era for mankind.Through the use of TV people can learn the events which happened thousands of miles away and realize the dream of traveling around the world without having to leave their home.,How would you continue this paragraph if,you were asked to give another example?,It is often believed that practice makes perfect.As everybody can see,persistent practice will naturally lead to perfect performances and high efficiency.,For example,when we learn English,we have to learn such things as grammar,vocabulary,structure and so on.In order to achieve fluency an