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按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,Jiah-Shing Chen,*,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,從ERP到企業E化,Jiah-Shing Chen,1,從ERP到企業E化,大綱,ERP與企業E化,主要延伸式ERP模組,ERP未來可能的擴充方向,Jiah-Shing Chen,2,ERP與企業E化,企業E化之路,擴充ERP系統之原因,ERP目前之延伸功能,Jiah-Shing Chen,3,從ERP到企業E化,企業E化之路,高,e化萌芽期,e化導入期,e化整合期,全面e化期,e化程度(範圍及深度),價值,低,低,高,Jiah-Shing Chen,4,企業E化四部曲,e化萌芽期,eMail,內部網路,網站設置,部份功能電腦化,e化導入期,ERP系統導入,內部流程e化,網站提供資訊交換 功能,初步導入線上交易,初期建構知識庫,e化整合期,線上交易比重增加並 與內部作業流程整合,延伸線上行銷及客戶 服務功能,員工,portal逐步建構,與供應商線上交換資 訊並導入線上交易,與重要電子社群進行整合,全面e化期,線上行銷、銷售及客 戶服務並與內部流程 深度整合,完整的,employee portal, 提供員工完整的資訊、 知識管理及全面流程e 化,供應鏈與內部流程進行深度整合,與重要電子社群進行深度整合,Jiah-Shing Chen,5,擴充ERP系統之原因,傳統ERP市場已趨飽和,經過十餘年的推展,傳統ERP系統的需求已漸漸趨緩,各ERP廠商都需要新的產品以彌補傳統ERP系統的業績下降,延伸式ERP功能是自然的下一步,企業對ERP系統的要求改變,企業提昇價值的方法從改善企業內部流程以提高效率變成滿足客戶需求以超越競爭對手,因此需要客戶導向的進階ERP功能,網際網路改變了傳統ERP系統可服務的對象與方式,企業如今希望讓散佈在各地的行動員工(mobile workers)及利害關係人(stakeholders)可以透過瀏覽器存取企業的相關資訊,Jiah-Shing Chen,6,ERP目前之延伸功能,縱向延伸,決策支援系統(DSS),高階主管資訊系統(EIS),Tactical,Strategic,TPS,DSS,EIS,Operation Personnel,Middle Management,Executives,Transaction Oriented,Online, Real Time,Speed,What If ?,Trend Analysis,Strategic Decision Making,Operational,Jiah-Shing Chen,7,ERP目前之延伸功能,橫向延伸,電子商務系統(EC),顧客關係管理系統(CRM),供應鏈管理系統(SCM),入口網站(Portal),客戶,員工/股東,供應商,E-Business,CRM,SCM,Portal,EC,Jiah-Shing Chen,8,ERP目前之延伸功能,延伸基礎,資料倉儲(DW),Jiah-Shing Chen,9,主要延伸式ERP模組,資料倉儲,決策支援系統與高階主管資訊系統,顧客關係管理系統,供應鏈管理系統,入口網站,Jiah-Shing Chen,10,從ERP到企業E化,資料倉儲(DW),資料倉儲之定義,資料倉儲之建構,與資料庫之比較,資料倉儲之架構,資料倉儲之價值,資料立方體,資料倉儲之重要性,Jiah-Shing Chen,11,從ERP到企業E化,資料倉儲之定義,Inmon的定義,一個,整合,、,主題導向,、長期累積且,內容不需更改,的資料集合,藉以提供管理者在進行管理決策過程所需的輔助支援,資料倉儲的特性,主題導向(subject oriented),整合性(integrated),非揮發性(nonvolatile),時間變動性(time variant),Jiah-Shing Chen,12,資料倉儲之建構,Jiah-Shing Chen,13,資料庫與資料倉儲之比較,特性,資料庫,資料倉儲,處理型態,線上交易處理(OLTP),線上分析處理(OLAP),採用資料模式,ER Model,Star Schema/Dimension Model,使用者需求,明確且已知,複雜且模糊,資料處理特性,更新異動的效能為主,大量查詢和計算的效能為主,資料存取量,單次少量,每次大量的資料,設計的考量重點,資料一致性,查詢和計算的效能,資料儲存型態,目前資料值,某一時間點的快照,資料數量級,供日常運用為主,五十年的長期資料分析,鍵值特性,鍵值可不包含時間元素,鍵值擁有時間元素,操作特性,查詢、新增、修改及刪除,查詢及新增,Jiah-Shing Chen,14,資料倉儲與ERP系統,ERP系統及資料庫為資料倉儲的資訊源,負責供應DW所需的營運資料,DW整合不同資料源支援下列系統,DSS,EIS,CRM,SCM,Jiah-Shing Chen,15,資料倉儲之架構,Jiah-Shing Chen,16,資料倉儲之價值,決策支援,應用系統重組,企業再造,Jiah-Shing Chen,17,決策支援,提供整合、簡潔和一致的資料,增加報表和查詢的效率及可靠性,協助各種比較查詢,如趨勢分析、跨年性比對、週期性分析等,幫助分析和提供可行方案的評估參考,資訊處理、分析處理、變異分析及資料挖掘等決策支援工作,Jiah-Shing Chen,18,應用系統重組,可適度清除OLTP處理系統的歷史資料,可改進企業的系統結構,讓兩方面的工作負荷彼此不干擾,滿足不同的資料需求,透過資料倉儲的OLAP功能,提供和ERP或OLTP截然不同的資料取用方式和處理分析方式,可在必要時連上ERP或資料庫提供即時資訊,Jiah-Shing Chen,19,企業再造,協助管理者瞭解重大事件的發生原因,而不只是發生了多少細微的事件,以避免資料倉儲帶所來的資訊過載問題,有助於釐清促使商業活動持續進行之動力或保有企業的競爭優勢,以便管理者利用企業再造工程(BPR) 改變企業體質,找尋激烈競爭環境下的企業出路,Jiah-Shing Chen,20,資料立方體(Data Cube),主要運算,向上聚合,向下挖掘,Jiah-Shing Chen,21,資料倉儲之重要性,過去,採用ERP系統即可提昇企業競爭力,現在,ERP系統只是企業運作的標準平台,DSS、EIS、CRM、SCM才足以提昇競爭力,DW是最關鍵的基礎建設,Jiah-Shing Chen,22,決策支援系統(DSS)與高階主管資訊系統(EIS),決策支援系統,高階主管資訊系統,Jiah-Shing Chen,23,從ERP到企業E化,決策支援系統之目的,定義,利用資訊科技針對組織中的,半結構化,(semi-structured)或,非結構化,(unstructured)決策任務,提供擷取相關資料、進行模擬分析、比較可行方案等功能,搜尋最佳方案來幫助決策者提昇其決策績效之系統,主要目的,利用資訊科技強大的資料處理與運算能力,幫助決策者瞭解、分析決策問題,進而提昇決策品質,Jiah-Shing Chen,24,企業決策問題類別,策略規劃層次,企業的整體政策、目標和相關資源分配決策,處理有關企業方面、市場策略及產品組合等之長期決策,管理控制層次,企業為有效取得與使用資源的相關決策,考慮資源取得和組織、工作結構及員工招募訓練等中期事務,作業控制層次,在資源限制下,有效益且有效率地完成企業活動的相關決策,處理如定價、生產量、存貨等短期決策,Jiah-Shing Chen,25,各層次決策之關係,策略規劃,管理控制,作業控制,組織學習,決策的重要性越增,決策發生的頻率越高,Jiah-Shing Chen,26,DSS Characteristics,Supports individuals and teams,Used repeatedly and constantly,Two major components:,data,and,models,Web-based,Uses subjective, personal, and objective data,Has a simulation model,Used in public and private sectors,Has,what-if,capabilities,Uses quantitative and qualitative models,Jiah-Shing Chen,27,DSS versus EDP,Dimension,DSS,EDP,Use,Active,Passive,User,Line & staff management,Clerical,Goal,Effectiveness,Mechanical efficiency,Time horizon,Present & future,Past,Objective,Flexibility,Consistency,Jiah-Shing Chen,28,Working Definition of DSS,DSS,is an interactive, flexible, and adaptable CBIS, specially developed for supporting the solution of a unstructured management problem for improved decision making,utilizes data, provides easy user interface, and allows for the decision makers own insights,DSS,may utilize models,is built by an interactive process (frequently by end-users),supports all the phases of the decision making,may include a knowledge component,Central Issue in DSS,support and improvement of decision making,Jiah-Shing Chen,29,Capabilities of DSS,Provide support in,semi-structured,and,unstructured,situations, includes human judgment and computerized information,Support for various managerial levels,Support to individuals and groups,Support to interdependent and/or sequential decisions,Support,all phases of the decision-making process,intelligence, design, choice (& implementation),Support a variety of decision-making processes and styles,Jiah-Shing Chen,30,Capabilities of DSS,Are adaptive,Have user friendly interfaces,Goal,improve effectiveness of decision making,The decision maker controls the decision-making process,End-users can build simple systems,Utilizes,models,for analysis,Provides access to a variety of data sources, formats, and types,Jiah-Shing Chen,31,Capabilities of DSS,Decision makers can make better, more consistent decisions in a timely manner,Jiah-Shing Chen,32,DSS Components,Data Management Subsystem,Model,Management Subsystem,Knowledge-based (Management) Subsystem,User Interface Subsystem,The User,User,User Interface,DBMS,MBMS,Jiah-Shing Chen,33,DSS Classifications,Text-oriented DSS,Database-oriented DSS,Spreadsheet-oriented DSS,Solver-oriented DSS,Rule-oriented DSS,Compound DSS,Jiah-Shing Chen,34,高階主管資訊系統,結合決策支援系統和人工智慧特色,幫助管理者定義和處理問題及機會,以不同角度呈現資訊,管理者可以針對問題的特性,彈性地選擇觀看資訊的方式,包含內部外部資訊、客觀主觀資訊,Jiah-Shing Chen,35,Evolution of EIS,DSS and ODSS,1980s,Executive,Information Systems,1995+s,Everybodys,Information Systems,Enterprise,Information Systems,Jiah-Shing Chen,36,Executive Information System (EIS),A computer-based system that serves the,information needs of top executives,Provides rapid access to timely information and direct access to management reports,Very user-friendly, supported by graphics,Provides exceptions reporting and drill-down capabilities,Easily connected to the Internet,Drill down,Jiah-Shing Chen,37,Executives Role and Their Information Needs,Decisional Executive Role (2 Phases),Identification of problems and/or opportunities,The decision of what to do about them,Flow chart and information flow,Use phases to determine executives information needs,Jiah-Shing Chen,38,Methods for Finding Information Needs,Wetherbes Approach,Structured Interviews,IBMs Business System Planning (BSP),Critical Success Factors (CSF),Ends/Means (E/M) Analysis,Prototyping,Watson and Frolicks Approach,Asking (interview approach),Deriving the needs from an existing information system,Synthesis from characteristics of the systems,Discovering (Prototyping),Ten methods,Other Methods,Jiah-Shing Chen,39,Characteristics of EIS,Drill down,Critical success factors,(CSF),Status access,Analysis,Exception reporting,Colors and audio,Navigation of information,Communication,Jiah-Shing Chen,40,Critical Success Factors (CSF),Monitored by five types of information,Key problem narratives,Highlight charts,Top-level financials,Key performance indicators (KPI),Detailed KPI responsibility reports,Jiah-Shing Chen,41,Characteristics and Benefits of EIS,Quality of information,Flexible, correct, timely, relevant, complete, validated,User interface,GUI, user-friendly, secure access, quick response, mobile accessibility, reliable,easy input, quick retrieval,tailored, self-help menu,Technical capability provided,Global information, email,external data, written interpretations, hypertext & hypermedia, ad hoc analysis, multidimensional, hierarchical, graphics & text,management-by-exception reports, trends & deviations,historical & current data,critical success factors,forecasting,drill down, tracking of critical data,Benefits,Attainment of organizational objectives,productivity,quality of decision making, competitive advantage, time saving, communication capacity & quality, better organization control, anticipation of problems & opportunities, planning, search for cause of a problem, needs of executives,Jiah-Shing Chen,42,Comparison of EIS and DSS,Focus,EIS: Status access, drill down,DSS: Analysis, decision support,Typical users,EIS: Senior executives,DSS: Analysts, professionals, managers,Impetus,EIS:,Expediency,DSS: Effectiveness,Application,EIS: Environmental scanning,performance evaluation,identification of problems and opportunities,DSS: Diversified areas where managerial decisions are made,Jiah-Shing Chen,43,Comparison of EIS and DSS,Decision support,EIS: Indirect support, mainly high-level and,unstructured decisions,and policies,DSS: Supports semi-structured and unstructured decision making, ad hoc decisions, and some repetitive decisions,Type of information,EIS: News items,external,information on customers, competitors, and the environment; scheduled and demand reports on internal operations,DSS: Information supporting specific situations,Principal use,EIS:,Tracking and control,opportunity identification,DSS: Planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling,Jiah-Shing Chen,44,Comparison of EIS and DSS,Adaptability to individual users,EIS:,Tailored to the decision-making style of each individual executive, offers several options of outputs,DSS: Permits individual judgments, what-if capabilities, some choice of dialog style,Graphics,EIS: A must,DSS: Important part of many DSS,User-friendliness,EIS: A must,DSS: A must if no intermediaries are used,Jiah-Shing Chen,45,Comparison of EIS and DSS,Processing of information,EIS: Filters and compresses information, tracks critical data and information,DSS:,EIS triggers questions, answers are worked out by DSS,and fed back into EIS,Supporting detailed information,EIS: Instant access to the supporting details of any summary (drill down),DSS: Can be programmed into the DSS but usually is not,Model base,EIS: Limited built-in functions,DSS:,The core of the DSS,Jiah-Shing Chen,46,Comparison of EIS and DSS,Construction,EIS: By vendors or IS specialists,DSS:,By users, either alone or with specialists from IS department,Hardware,EIS: Mainframe, RISC workstations, LANs, or distributed systems,DSS: Mainframe, RISC workstations, PCs, or distributed systems,Jiah-Shing Chen,47,Comparison of EIS and DSS,Nature of software packages,EIS: Interactive, easy access to multiple databases, online access, sophisticated DBMS capabilities, complex linkages,DSS: Large computational capabilities, modeling languages and simulation, application and DSS generators,Nature of information,EIS: Displays pre-generated information about the past & present, creates new information about the past, present & future,DSS: Creates new information about the past, present & future,Jiah-Shing Chen,48,顧客關係管理系統(CRM),CRM之目標,CRM之價值,CRM之主要功能,Jiah-Shing Chen,49,從ERP到企業E化,CRM之目標,利用資訊科技透過現存管道或開發新的管道,整合銷售、產品構型、規劃及設計,使企業可以,加強對顧客的關係,幫助企業加強銷售、行銷、客服等前端作業,為了確保這些功能可以達成,CRM必需被看成是人員、企業流程、系統三位一體的整合,而非只是單純的資訊科技應用,實行,個人化客戶服務,當銷售標準產品時,企業可利用顧客的資訊,來進行個人化的客戶服務,Jiah-Shing Chen,50,CRM之價值,使企業能更準確的看待顧客,透過強大的資料分析能力,整合行銷、銷售、訂購、服務及支援活動等功能,訂單達交,Jiah-Shing Chen,51,CRM之主要功能,創造新客戶,識別新的客戶,管理潛在顧客,行銷,發展及管理行銷百科全書,分析客戶資料,建立、執行並管理多重管道的產品行銷活動,銷售及產品構型,進行報價,製作計劃案及銷售展示,對產品進行構型管理,以滿足顧客特定的需求,Jiah-Shing Chen,52,CRM之主要功能,訂單登記及狀態追蹤,接受並處理客戶訂單,提供客戶相關的訂購資訊,發票、帳款支付、帳款狀態追蹤,產生發票,並管理付款過程,提供客戶付款的歷史記錄及目前帳單狀態,運送排程及狀態追蹤,產生關於運輸產品或服務的計劃,提供客戶訂單或需求狀態的相關資訊,Jiah-Shing Chen,53,CRM之主要功能,契約及保證書管理,管理契約及保證書的生命週期,隨著時間消逝或其他事件的發生,重新進行協議,遠距服務,管理及繪出對服務的需求,透過決策樹和Q&A的方式來診斷問題,查閱技術性文件、產品規格、操作手續及案例,依需求及服務等級,將電話導向合適的客服代表,Jiah-Shing Chen,54,CRM之主要功能,到府服務,管理預防性維修排程、退貨授權、進階零件更換,管理服務人員之工具、技能及零件,管理案例資料庫,客服中心管理,查詢客戶的付款記錄、服務記錄、報價等資料,可和電話系統加以整合,如自動號碼識別,自助服務,讓客戶透過網際網路,使用前端的應用程式,如開立訂單和追蹤訂單狀態,Jiah-Shing Chen,55,供應鏈管理系統(SCM),SCM之目的,SCM之主要功能,Jiah-Shing Chen,56,從ERP到企業E化,SCM之目的,SCM是用來,加強B2B間的流程,改進速度、靈活度、即時性及客戶滿意度,達成SCM的兩個重要因素,整個供應鏈上的企業必須要將企業合作視為策略上的資產,並且確實執行,以提高速度與靈活度,降低成本,以穿越整體供應鏈的,資訊,視野來,取代存貨,Jiah-Shing Chen,57,SCM之主要功能,電子採購(e-Procurement),利用Internet改變傳統ERP系統的採購功能,讓,需求部門,不需經過採購部門,透過e-procurement直接向供應商發出訂單,包括線上型錄、合約、採購單、送貨通知,協同規劃(Collaborative Planning),透過,上下游廠商的,資訊分享,,對市場需求做更精確的預測,並據此,做出對應的生產計劃,當一協力廠發生訂單與排程上的改變,也會對所有相關廠商觸發對應的變動,對整個供應鏈的資源作最佳利用,以並降低存貨,Jiah-Shing Chen,58,SCM之主要功能,協同設計(Collaborative Design),分享產品設計過程的資訊,上游供應商能在產品設計時就先行準備所需零件,下游廠商也能在產品設計完成前協調產品需求,以減少變更設計的成本及縮短上市時間,電子後勤(e-Logistics),主要的功能在於支援倉儲與運輸管理,傳統ERP系統僅能輸入配送貨物的物流中心,再對物流中心或是客戶發出配送通知,可安排最佳的運送途徑,減少配送時間及成本,能夠追蹤存貨目前的位置與狀態,Jiah-Shing Chen,59,SCM之主要功能,先進規劃與排程(Advanced Planning and Scheduling, APS),協助企業規劃生產排程,傳統ERP系統的規劃通常只看企業內部的資源,,無法以整個供應鏈做整合性考量,能更有效率的掌控尚未規劃但緊急的訂單,讓規劃排程的主管做更好的決策,Jiah-Shing Chen,60,入口網站(Portal),入口網站之定義,入口網站之種類,Jiah-Shing Chen,61,從ERP到企業E化,入口網站之定義,入口網站(portal),一個集合了某個特定議題相關資訊的網站,使用者可透過入口網站得到相關的資訊以及服務,Jiah-Shing Chen,62,入口網站之種類,電子交易市集(Marketplace Portal),提供大量的產品以及服務以吸引買賣雙方,企業入口網站(Corporate Gateway),讓員工存取公司內不同系統上的資源來完成工作,行業別整合交易中心(Vertical Hub Portal),同一個產業內的公司團體所建立的入口網站,如PlasticsN及ChemN,Jiah-Shing Chen,63,ERP未來的擴充方向,企業外部資訊管理,協同商務,資訊交換標準,Jiah-Shing Chen,64,從ERP到企業E化,企業外部資訊管理,資訊科技下一個提昇企業價值之處,企業外部資訊的搜集、處理與應用,企業需要的外部資訊包括,目標市場的顧客及其趨勢,相關產業的發展趨勢,競爭廠商及其產品與服務,外部資訊之來源,員工、顧客、供應商、策略夥伴、媒體及研究報告,關鍵,企業,外部與內部資訊之整合,Jiah-Shing Chen,65,協同商務(Collaborative Commerce),Gartner Group提出之觀念,結合網際網路及整合技術,讓企業夥伴、供應商及顧客能更方便的交易並創造新的商機,與傳統供應鏈整合主要不同在於其動態特性,協同商務中的電子市集讓買賣雙方在線上競爭,因此使得企業間的,合作關係更彈性及動態,,競爭也更激烈,協同商務的價值,讓企業間的合作能,超越傳統預先設定的交易夥伴,,進而更迅速、更創新解決企業問題與掌握新商機,Jiah-Shing Chen,66,跨ERP系統之資訊交換標準,相關的資訊交換標準包括,資料交換標準(如XML),應用程式介面(API)標準,產業流程標準(如RosettaNet),Jiah-Shing Chen,67,結論,企業E化是條沒有終點的長路,新觀念,新科技,新產品,選購E化產品需考量,單一廠商,最佳組合,Jiah-Shing Chen,68,演讲完毕,谢谢观看!,
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