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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,4/25/2010,#,系统工程概论,BasicsofSystemsEngineering,20131121,1,内容简介,系统工程(SE):,探讨,系统对象,共性问题的,通用理论及技术,、,20,世纪中兴起,定性定量方法相结合建立系统的,数学模型,,并,优化求解,运用系统思想和方法,解决大型复杂系统问题,,实现,总体最优,对系统进行,科学预测和决策,,为决策者提供技术经济最优方案,适用领域广泛,:各类工程领域、经济和社会及军事领域等,2,学习要求,1.,2,2.,3.,4.,握本课程的原理与方法,初步建立系统工程的思想,熟悉若干常用,的基本概念和计算方法。,对系统工程方面的复杂问题应具有一定的分析问题和解决问题的能,力。,个人研究与小组讨论相结合方式对案例进行分析,提高实际应用的,能力。,对布置的思考题、习题和案例讨论题要认真准备,按时完成作业和,书面报告(或小论文)。,4,参考资料,1.,吴祈宗,.,系统工程,.,北京:北京理工大学出版社,,2011,年,2.,梁迪,(,主编,).,统工程,.,北京:机械工业出版社,,2005,3,3.,汪应洛,(,主编,),).,系统工程,.,北京:机械工业出版社,,2003,4.,运筹学教材编写组编,运筹学,M,(修订版),北京:,清华大学出版社,,1996,5,5.,杨家本,(,主编,),).,系统工程概论,.,武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,,2003,6.,Alexis,Jacguemin.,Industrial,Engineering.,Oxford,University,Press,1986,20131121,5,课时安排与考核,(1),授课安排:讲课30学时,复习2学时,(2),考试方式:开卷,(3),成绩:,平时30%,(到课和作业)、,考试,70%,(4),自我简介:研究兴趣、联系方式,20131121,6,第一章,系统工程概述,1.1,系统工程的典型实例,1.2,系统工程的产生与发展,1.3,系统及系统工程的定义,1.4,系统工程的地位和作用,1.5,系统工程的应用领域,20131121,7,20131121,8,1,1.1,1,系统工程的典型实例,战国时期,齐王与一名大将田忌赛马,双方约定各出,3,匹马,分别为,3,个等级(上等马、中等马和下等马),,问田忌战胜齐王的对策是什么?,上等马用,1,表示,中等马用,2,表示,下等马用,3,表示。,齐王与田忌各有,6,个策略:,1,,,2,,,3,1,,,3,,,2,2,,,1,,,3,2,,,3,,,1,3,,,2,,,1,3,,,1,,,2,古人云:人无远虑,必有近忧。,夫运筹帷幄之中,决胜千里之外。,史记,记高祖本记,20131121,9,20131121,10,三峡水利系统,20131121,11,20131121,12,三峡水利系统的功能,演示,.(,三峡0,-,三峡3),三峡水利系统的功能:,1,、发电,:,32,台,70,万,kW,,,10,个大亚湾核电站、,2,个深圳用电,http:/ a system,attaining business,excellence,and,solving personal and professional problems,.,The,amazing,similarities,in,these,diverse,processes,suggest,that,there,is,a,general,process,that,might,be,closely,related,to,human,thinking.,Idea,of,systems,engineering,This,general,process,of,“,Idea,of,systems,engineering,”,was,abstracted,into,the,SIMILAR,Process.,20131121,13,行为,共同点,系统工程,SIMILAR,Process:,Figure,1.,The,Systems,Engineering,Process,20131121,14,系统,Definition,of,a,system,A,system,is,a,construct,or,collection,of,different,elements,that,together,produce,results,not,obtainable,by,the,elements,alone.,The,elements,or,parts,can,include,people,hardware,software,facilities,policies,and,documents;,that,is,all,things,required,to,produce,systemslevel,results.,The,results,include,system,level,qualities,properties,characteristics,functions,behavior,and,performance.,The,value,added,by,the,system,as,a,whole,beyond,that,contributed,independently,by,the,parts,is,primarily,created,by,the,relationship,among,the,parts;,that,is,how,they,are,interconnected.,20131121,15,20131121,16,系统工程,Systems,Engineering,(Approach,改造客观世界的角度,),Systems,Engineering,is,an,interdisciplinary,approach,and,means,to,enable,the,realization,of,successful,systems,.,It,focuses,on,defining,customer,needs,and,required,functionality,early,in,the,development,cycle,documenting,requirements,then,proceeding,with,design,synthesis,and,system,validation,while,considering,the,complete,problem.,Systems,Engineering,integrates,all,the,disciplines,and,specialty,groups,into,a,team,effort,forming,a,structured,development,process,that,proceeds,from,concept,to,production,to,operation,.,Systems,Engineering,considers,both,the,business,and,the,technical,needs,of,all,customers,with,the,goal,of,providing,a,quality,product,that,meets,the,user,needs.,20131121,17,系统工程,Systems,Engineering,(Discipline,认识客观世界的角度,),Systems,Engineering,is,an,engineering,discipline,whose,responsibility,is,creating,and,executing,an,interdisciplinary,process,to,ensure,that,the,customer,and,stakeholders,needs,are,satisfied,in,a,high,quality,trustworthy,cost,efficient,and,schedule,compliant,manner,throughout,a,systems,entire,life,cycle.,This,process,is,usually,comprised,of,the,following,seven,tasks,:,S,tate,the,problem,I,nvestigate,alternatives,M,odel,the,system,I,ntegrate,L,aunch,the,system,A,ssess,performance,and,R,eevaluate.,These,functions,can,be,summarized,with,the,acronym,SIMILAR,:,S,tate,I,nvestigate,M,odel,I,ntegrate,L,aunch,A,ssess,and,R,eevaluate.,This,Systems,Engineering,Process,is,shown,in,Figure,1.,It,is,important,to,note,that,the,Systems,Engineering,Process,is,not,sequential.,The,functions,are,performed,in,a,parallel,and,iterative,manner.,系统工程,系统工程,(Systemsengineering,,,SE),,是,20,世纪中期兴起,的一种,多学科交叉方法,、一门,多学科交叉工程学科,是实现,“从概念到产品”研发的共性方法,(,通用方法,),它针对系统整体全寿命周期的问题,旨在运用系统的思,想和方法,对系统的问题进行预测、建模、设计、优化、,决策和评价等,为复杂系统问题提供技术可行、经济最,优的解决方案。,(,如最优控制,),20131121,18,20131121,19,1,1.2,2,系统工程的产生与发展,系统工程来源于千百年来人们的生产实践,是由点滴经验的,总结形成的。,在中国,早在,2600,多年前就有了周易,其后,孔子所作,的易传,老子创始的道家,庄子的天运,还有孙,子兵法、黄帝内经、易经等都试图对自然的演化、,社会的发展作出统一解释,(,即提练共性方法,),,他们把世界看成,是一个由基本要素组成的、动态演化的、多层次的系统整体,,主张从整体角度把握大世界。,在西方,大体也同样的久远,古希腊泰勒斯(,Thales,)、赫拉,克利特(,Herakleitos,)探索组成万物的要素,德谟克利特,(,Demokritos,)提出构成宇宙系统要素的原子论,以及亚里,士多德(,Aristoteles,)的“整体大于各部分之和”更是现代系,统论的最基本思想。,20131121,20,进入,18,世纪,工业革命有力地推动着社会化大生产,同时也,极大地推动着社会的进步。在这种背景下,马克思主义的诞,生,标志着人类认识史上的一次伟大飞跃,把系统观作为对,世界的总的看法包括在唯物辩证法中。,现代系统思想,以系统科学为标志,其诞生应该说是进入,20,世纪之后的事。,系统科学,的早期工作多出于,电子科学家,和,自动控制理论专家,之手。此外,一般系统理论是由理论生物,学家贝塔朗菲提出的。,系统工程的前身,即运行分析(,OperationsAnalysis,)与运筹,学(,OperationsResearch,)到,20,世纪,40,年代才出现。,20,世纪,40,年代出现了“系统工程”一词,这个词是当时对一,些工程实践中卓有成效的新观点新方法的命
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