专升本英语时态精讲精练

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,时态,语法辅导考点分析及要求,纵观近几年的试题，可以看出，语法考题的涉及面比较宽，考题中涉及了几乎所有词类，动词的三种非谓语形式，主从复合句，主谓一致，倒装，强调等基本语法知识。考试重点为内容庞杂，较难掌握的项目，如：虚拟语气，从句，非谓语动词，倒装，情态动词等。所以，应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：,1.谓语动词的各种时态，语态，语气的形式，意义及其用法；,2.各种从句的构成及其意义；,3.非谓语动词的用法；,4.各种词类的用法（名词，代词，形容词，副词，介词，限定词，情态动词）；,5.英语句子的基本语序及其意义；,6.英语句子的结构和常用句型；,7.句子中词语的所指，省略，替代，重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。,实际上，英语专升本的考试中对语法的考察贯穿于整个测试中，对语法知识的掌握熟悉与否，将直接影响着考生的考试成绩。本课程根据将根据山东省英语专升本考试中对语法项目的考查特点，对语法考试的要点进行分析预测，系统地归纳总结语法重点和考点。,第一课 时态,时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式，英语动词常用十二种时态，在专升本英语考试中，时态的考点及重要用法如下：,一.,完成时,完成时,在专升本英语考试中是重点考点之一。,（一),完成时分以下几种：现在完成时：由“,助动词havehas+动词的过去分词”,构成，表示：过去发生的动作,对现在产生的影响,；过去发生,延续到现在,的动作或状态；某一时期发生的情况的总和等。常与以下时间状语连用：already,yet,these days,recently,lately,so far,by now,for,since,in/during the past/last.,y,ears.,常见考点如下：,1.,It has been+一段时间+since,.,2.,This/It is+最高级/序数词+that从句,，从句中的谓语部分用现在完成时，e,g,It isnt the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.我已经不是第一次发现自己处境尴尬了。,（2009),It,is,the third time I _ to the Palace Museum,and I still think it is marvelous.,A.have gone B.go C.have been,D.wll go,（二）过去完成时：由“助动词,had+动词的过去分词,”构成，表示：在,过去某个时刻之前已经完成,的动作或状态。常与以下时间状语连用：by+,过去某个时间点,，如by2001;by the end of last yearmonthweekterm.;by the timewhen+过去时。,常见考点如下：,1.,在对,过去事实进行虚拟的if,条件句中，e.g.If I had hurried,I wouldn t have missed the train 要是我当时抓紧的话，就能赶上火车了。（事实上，我错过了火车）,2.,在,wish 后的宾语,从句中，表示“,要是.就好了”“但愿.,”e.g.I wish I had been there,at that time,.要是我当时在那里就好了。,（2008）I left very early last night,but I wish I _ so early.,A.didnt leave B.hadnt left C.havent,left D.couldnt leave,3.,ThisIt,was,the firs,t,second time that.从句中的谓语部分,用过去完成时，e.g.This was the third time that he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。,4.,HardlyScarcely.When.或 No sooner.than,.,e.g.No sooner,had he gone,to sleep,than,the telephone rang once more.他刚刚睡着，电话铃声再次响起。,5.Plan,think,intend,hope,want,mean 等用,过去完成,时，表示“,打算做而没有做的事情,”,e.g.We,had planned,to attend the meeting,but we,changed,our mind.我们本打算参加会议的，但是我们改变主意了。,（三）,将来完成,时：由“助动词,will have+动词的过去分词,”构成,表示在,将来某一时刻之前,或,某个动作发生前另一个动作将要结束,；有时也表示一种,推测,，常与以下时间状语连用：byby the end of+将来时间.,（2008）By this time,next week,the winners _ their awards.,A.will have receive B.Will be received,C.will have received D.will have been received,（四）,现在完成进行,时：由“,助动词havehas+been+动词的现在分词,”构成，表示：从过,去某时刻开始的动作一直持续续到说话时还在进行或可能还继续下去,。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。,E.g.Hes been working for the company for 15years.他已经为该公司工作工作15年了。,（2009）,Even though they _ side by side for twenty years,the two neighbours,are,not on good terms.,A.,have been lived,B.had been living,C.had been lived,D.have been living,（2009）,The manager _ a rise in salary for ages,but nothing,has,happened yet.,A.is promised,B.is promising,C.has been promising,D.promised,（五）,过去完成进行,时：由“助动词,had+been+动词的现在分词,”构成，表示：从,过去某时刻开始的动作一直持续续到过去的另一时间或可能还继续下去,。,E.g.When his father,returned,home,the little boy,had been flying,a kite for two hours.,He told me that,the lawyers,had been arguing,the case since eight oclock in the morning.,（六）,将来完成进行,时：由“助动词,will have+been+动词的现在分词,”构成,表示从,某一时刻,开始一直,持续到将来,某一时间。,E.g.By,next month,he,will have been working,in our factory for 30 years.,(2009),By the time your plane,lands tonight,I _ at the airport for 10 hours.,A.had waited B.have been waited,C.had been waiting,D.will have been waiting,二.,一般现在时,表示,现在,存在的,特征和状态,，,习惯,动作，,经常,性动作或表示普遍真理及,谚语,，通常与表示,频率,的时间状语连用。如：every week,on Sundays,sometimes,usually,often,twice a week.,考点：当,主句,用,一般将来,时，其条件或时间状语,从句,中可用一般现在时。,E.g.It,will be,33 years before we,have,a chance of seeing the star again.,As long as you _ the money back promptly,Ill lend it to you with pleasure.,A.,return,B.will return,C.have returned,D.returned,三.,一般过去时,常与以下时间状语连用：an hour,ago,the other day,in 1987,last year.,just now,in,those,days 等。,表示：过去某个时间,发生,或,存在,的动作、过去,经常,发生或,偶尔,发生的动作。,常见考点如下：,1.,在,It is time that,.(某人该做某事了）的that 从句中的谓语动词用过去时。E.g.It is time that you,went,to bed.=It is time for you to go to bed.,2.,注意区分,used to do(过去常做,）和getbebecome,used to doing sth.(习惯于做,某事),(20005),My sister is used to _ with all the windows open.A.sleep B.have slept C.sleeping D.Slept,四.,一般将来时,表示,将来,某时间要发生的事或存在的状态，也可表示将来,经常,或,反复,发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。表示方法多样：,1.,willshall do 将来的动作或状态,2.,be going to do 最近打算要做的事或可能要发生的事,3.,be to do 必须按计划要进行的,4.,be about to do 即将发生（不加将来的时间状语）,5.,be doing(常与arrive,leave,come,start),(2011)No one _ this building without the permission of the police.,A.is leaving,B.will be leaving,C.has left,D.is to leave,(2009)You _ the difficulties after I explain the whole thing to you.,A.w,ill be seen,B.,w,ill have seen,C.,w,ill see,D.,s,ee,五.,过去将来时,表示：从过去,某时刻看将要,发生的动作，常与宾语,从句,连用，也可表示,过去习惯性,动作。如：,When he was a child,he would sit there reading for hours.,六.,现在进行时,表示：1.现在某时刻正在进行的动作,2.,b,eing+adj.n.表示一种,暂时的特征,或表现，有一定的,感情,色彩e.g.You are being naughty,Tom.Good boys never do that.,3.表将来的按计划，安排要发生的事或即将开始。,七过去进行时,表示过去某时刻,正在进行,的动作。,与always,constantly,forever等状语连用时带有感情色彩，如：She was always finding fault with me.她总是挑我的毛病。,Grammar Test 1,1.,They _ in London for many years,but they,have never regretted,their,final decision to