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初二英语下 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 马思特教育 Unit 1重点知识讲解Grammar一、 情态动词（Modal Verbs）情态动词should意为“应该，应当”，必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而且表述的是自己的主观看法。1. should的句式结构句式结构例句肯定句主语+should+doThey should eat a balaced diet.他们应该平衡饮食。否定句主语+should not +doThey shouldnt eat too much.他们不该吃得太多。一般疑问句-Should + 主语 +do+?-yes, 主语+should.-No, 主语+shouldnt.-Its too cold. Should I close the window?太冷了，我该关上窗户吗？-Yes, you _./No, you _.是的，你应该。/不，你不应该。2.should的用法用法例句表示劝告、建议You _ answer the question in English.你应该用英语回答这个问题。表示推测They _ be at home now, I think.我认为，他们现在应该在家。表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等 How _ I know it?我怎么知道这间事情呢？注意：should在以why，who，how等疑问词开头的问句中，意为“竟然，居然，怎么会”，表示意外、惊喜或在说话人看来是不可思议的。二、 其他表示建议的句型用法例句Shall we/I + do+?Shall we _ for a walk? 咱们去散步好吗？What/How about+doing/sth?What about _ swimming? 去游泳怎么样？Lets + do?Lets _ and _ them.咱们去看看他们吧。Youd/Wed better (not) + do?We _ _ wait a little longer.我们最好再稍等一会儿。Why dont you + do ?Why dont you _ a walk outside?为什么不出去散步呢？Why not + do?Why _ _ a walk outside?为什么不出去散步呢？三、 反身代词表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词的宾格形式，词尾加self或selves组成。反身代词可译“本人”、“本身”，为加强语气，也常翻译为“亲自”、“自己”。不定人称代词one-oneself.1、反身代词的分类数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfHimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves2、反身代词的用法用法说明例句作动词的宾语常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,help,look after, get dressed 作宾语He is teaching _ English.他在自学英语。We enjoyed _ last night.昨天晚上我们玩得很开心。做介词的宾语常用于in,on,with,of,after,by作宾语She lives by _ in the countryside.她一个人生活在乡下。做同位语强调作用、加强语气Did you make the cake _?这蛋糕是你亲自做的嘛？Mr. Black _ is a lawyer.布莱克先生本人就是一名律师。做表语强调“自己”Just be _.做你自己就好了。Mary hasnt quite been _ recently.玛丽最近有些不对劲。单词的用法Section A1. Whats the matter?怎么了？该句常用询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了什么麻烦，其后用with引出对象。1). Whats the matter with sb.?=whats wrong with sb.?=whats the trouble/problem with sb.?=whats ones trouble/problem?e.g. Whats the matter with Tom?=whats _ with Tom?=Whats the _ with Tom?=Whats Toms _?2). matter, 名词，“问题，事情”e.g. We have important _(matter) to discuss.我们有些重要的问题要讨论。3). 动词，“要紧，关系重大”e.g. It dosent _ that you came late.2. I have a cold.我感冒了。1).have/get/catch a cold “感冒，着凉”The old man _ a cold yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。2). “have +a/an +疾病名称”意为“得了.病”have a fever, have a cough,have a headache3. I have a sore back.我背痛。“I have a sore + 身体部位”意为“痛”辨析sore和achesore形容词，意为“疼痛的；酸痛的”用于身体部位名词前sore feet sore leg sore throatache名词，构成复合词headache; stomachache4. lie down and and rest.1).lie 的不同含义及词性变化单词词性词义现在分词过去式过去分词lie动词躺；平躺lyinglayLainlie动词说谎lyingliedLiedlie名词谎言无无无Katy _ (lie) on the bed and read the letter last night.凯蒂昨晚躺在床上看书。He _(lie) to me about the result.对于结果他对我说了谎。2). rest 动词，“休息，放松”May him rest in peace.have/take a rest 休息，放松=rest5. You need to take breaks away from the computer.take breaks = take/have a break 休息We are _ a break under the tree.我们正在树下休息。6. Yeah，I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的，我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。1). In the same way:以同样的方式，以相同的方式She worked out the math problem in the same way.2).without为介词，意为“无，没有，不”You cant buy things _ money! 你没有钱就买不了东西。He left without _ anything.他什么都没有说就离开了。7. When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road.这时，司机看到路边躺着一位老人。see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth. 强调看到/听到的动作的正在进行see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth. 强调看到/听到的动作的完整性e.g. I often _ him _ in the garden last month. 上个月，我总是看到他在花园里干活。(强调全过程) I _ him _ in the garden when I passed by yersterday. 昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。(强调动作正在进行)8. He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.1).expect +名词/代词 “期待；预料”I am _ a phone call from her.我正在等她的电话。2).expect to do sth.She expects to go there next week. 她期望下周去那里。3).expect sb. to do sth. He expected her to go with him.4).expect +that 从句 I expect that hell come back tomorrow.9. But to my surprise, they all agreed to go with him.1). to ones surprise “使惊讶的是，出乎意料”_ my _(surprise), he refused to cooperate with us.让我惊讶的是，他拒绝与我们合作。2). agree “同意”a. agree to do sth. “同意做某事”b. agree with sb.c. agree on sth. “就某事达成一致”e.g. My mother agreed _(buy) me a new pen. I entirely agree _ you. We agree _ the question.10. 辨析thanks to /thanks for thanks to “多亏，由于”，to是介词，其后接名词、代词或doingthanks for“因而感谢”，for 后接感谢的原因，常为名词或doing形式，Thanks _ you, I am not lost.幸亏你我才没有迷路。Thanks _ sending me such a nice gift. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。11. get into trouble “造成麻烦（或烦恼）;陷入困境” trouble是不可数名词。be in trouble “再麻烦和困境中”e.g. Lisa _ _ trouble when she climed the mountain.Let us help the people who are _ _. 12. Did you fall down?fall-fell-fallenfall down 意为“倒下”，强调的是“滑倒，倒下”，不能直接跟宾语，加from连接宾语，fall down from，表示“从摔下”fall off“跌落”，强调的是“从某处跌落，摔下来”=fall down frome.g. The dog _ down dead.那条狗倒下去死了。 The boy _ _ _ the tree and broke his legs. The girl _ _ the bike.Section B1. Someone felt sick. Sick;生病的，恶心的。ill也是生病的，也可表示品质恶劣的辨析sick和illsick既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。表语时“恶心的”ill 既可以作定语，也可以用作表语。作定语时：表示“品质恶劣的”e.g. Everytime I get on a boat, I feel _.He is an _ student, because he smokes and drinks.I have to look after my _ sister home at home today.2. Someone got hit on the head.有人头部受到了撞击。1).get hit 为系表结构：get hit +on/in +the+身体部位的名词，表示 “某身体部位受到了撞击”e.g. The police officer _ _on the shoulder. 这位警官的肩膀受到了撞击。2). hit, “打击，击中” 如果强调 “集中某人的部位”可以用 “hit sb. on/in the + 身体部位”e.g. The bullet hit him on the back. 子弹击中了他的后背。3).hit可以做名词，“轰动一时的成功的人或事；风靡一时的作品”。e.g. The song was a hit at once.3. have problems breathing1). breathe, a.动词“呼吸”e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race. b. 名词，breath，没有“e” take a deep breath 深呼吸；hold ones breath 屏住呼吸2). have problems (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难或麻烦” e.g. I have _ _ English. 我学习英语有困难。4. 辨析be used to doing/ be used to do /used to do be used to doing意为“习惯于”，to是介词+名词/doingbe used to do意为“被用来做”to为不定式符号+do原形used to do意为“过去常常”，to为不定式符号+do原形e.g. I am _ to _ up early.我习惯早起。A pen is _ to _.钢笔是用来写字的。He _ to _ books for an hour every day.他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。5. find + 宾语 + 宾补1). find 宾语 adj. We found him dishonest. 我们发现他不诚实。2).find 宾语 doing We found him _others homework. 我们发现他在抄别人作业。3).find 宾语 副词和介词短语 I am so glad to find you _.我很高兴发现你在家。 I found the clothes _ _ style. 我发现这些衣服过时了。6. 辨析run out/run out of 用尽，耗尽run out“动词+副词”结构。相当于不及物动词，后面不接宾语，主语通常是“事物”时间，金钱等run out of“动词+副词+介词”结构。相当于及物动词，后面可以接宾语，主语通常是“人”Our money is _ out. 我们的钱快用光了。We are running out _ money. 我们的钱快用光了。7. 辨析so that /sothatso that“以便，为了”=in order that, 引导目的状语从句，常与can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词或助动词。so.that“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句，so为副词，+adj/adv;that 后跟从句。可以与enough to do和tooto do进行同义句转换。e.g. They got up early _ _ they could catch the early bus. Say slowy _ _ I can follow you.Tom ran _ fast _ I couldnt catch up with him.=Tom ran _ fast _ catch up with.8. so that 用法。1). so + adj./adv. +that2).so + adj. +(+a/an)+n.+that3). so + many/much/few/little +n.thate.g. The ceiling is so high that we couldnt reach. 天花板如此高，我们够不着。His son is so tall a man that he almost reaches the ceiling.他儿子那么高，几乎够到天花板了。Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over.凯特跌倒了好多次，摔得身体青一款紫一块。9. give up 放弃1). “动词+副词”代词做宾语，代词放中间。give it/them/him/herup2). give up doing its good for you to give up _. 戒烟对你有好处。10. I hurt myself playing soccer.playing soccer 现在分词做伴随状语。表示动作同时发生。其逻辑主语为句子的主语。e.g. I stayed up late yesterday, _ for a test. 昨天我为测验熬夜学习到很晚。重点精准检测一、单项选择。（ ） 1. The pear is too big for me. Let me _ a part for you.A. cut downB. cut offC cut upD. cut in（ ） 2. Grace bought a lot of new clothes and _ all her money.A. run outB. run out ofC. ran ofD. ran out of（） 3. Your temperature is 39C. Maybe you _.A. have a coldB. have a headacheC. have a feverD. have a sore back（） 4. Did you catch your plane? Yes. We got there just _.A. on the timeB. at timesC. in timeD. in the time（） 5. Sue came to the small town five years ago and she _ here now.A. is used to liveB. is used to livingC. used to livingD. used to live（） 6. To _ surprise, the five-year-old boy can sing so many English songs.A. myB. meC. ID. mine（） 7. Emma likes dancing and she keeps on _ every day.A. dancingB. dancesC. danceD. to dance（） 8. What happened _ you yesterday?I hurt myself in P.E. class.A. toB. onC. atD. with（） 9. Jim is always so busy _ he has little time for his family.A. ifB. untilC. thatD. when（） 10. Hi, John, _? My dogs leg is hurt.A. How are youB. Whats the matterC. Whos thatD. Whats Lucy like二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. Look! A dog is _ （lie） by the side of the road.2. The little girl usually finishes her homework by _ （her） anti doesnt need others help.3. When I came into the library, I saw him _ （read） a book there.4. Mr. Green agreed _ （help） me with my math.5. You arc late for school again. I think you should _ （get） up early tomorrow.6. What does he mean _ （do）?7. Did you make a _ （decide） to study medicine?8. Mr. Li put so many _ （knife） into his bag.9. My dream is to be a _ （climb） one day.10. The little dogs _ （die） made me very sad.三、根据首字母或汉语提示完成下列句中所缺的单词。1. Susan took her temperature and found she had a high f_.2. I have a t_ and I cant eat anything.3. You look so tired, so you need to have a r_.4. Tony usually plays games with his classmates during the b_ between two classes.5. I have a s_ throat so I cant say a word.6. We usually walk with our _ （脚） and see with our eyes.7. Im feeling terrible. I have a _ （胃痛）.8. The river is too deep, but Tom and Tony take _ （冒险） of swimming there.9. Alex got hurt in the car accident and lost much _（血）.10. Kates mother works in a hospital. Shes a _（护士）.四、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1.他下了火车，然后就回家了。He _ _ the train and then went home.2.多亏了那位老人，我们找到了回家的路。_ _ the old man, we found our way home.3.请记住当你生气的时候，不要做决定。Please remember not to _ _ _ when you are angry.4.为了能赶上火车，我六点钟就出发了。I left at six _ _ I could catch the train.5.为了成功你不得不去冒险。You have to _ _ in order catch to succeed.五、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空（有两个多余）。knifebreakdecideadvisetroubleriskhighhurtliedifferentseemcoughJohn likes to do sport very much. His favorite sport is mountain climbing. Last spring, he made a big 1. _ to climb Mount Everest. He knew it was difficult to climb the worlds 2. _ mountain. And there were lots of 3. _ in front of him, but he still wanted to do so. Because that was his dream.May 5th was the most exciting day for John. After a 4. _in the tent, he and his guide started their journey to the top of the mountain. Everything 5. _ well at first. There was no wind or snow. But when they were close to the top, things were completely 6. _. The wind became strong and cold. He left like that many 7. _ were cutting his body. He felt sick and 8. _ a lot. The guide told John that they should turn back. He took the guides 9. _, but on the way he passed out. When John woke up, he found he was 10. _ in a hospital.答案一、 15. BDCCB610 AAACB二、 1. lying 2. herself 3. reading 4. to help 5. get 6. to do 7. decision 8. knives 9. climber 10. death三、 1. fever 2. toothache 3. rest 4. breaks 5. sore 6. feet 7. stomachache 8. risks 9. blood 10. nurse四、 1. got off 2. Thanks to 3. make a decision 4. so that 5. take risks五、 1. decision 2. highest 3. risks 4. break 5. seemed 6. different 7. knives 8. coughed 9. advice 10. lying
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