供应链管理与企业资源规划22822

,按一下以編輯母片標題樣式,按一下以編輯母片,第二層,第三層,第四層,第五層,ASK123,学习培训网,供應鏈管理與企業資源規劃,世新大學資管系 鄒慶士 副教授,Dell的故事,低成本的製造與行銷作業 營業額 71%，利潤 91%(1996年),攀升至PC市場的老三,成功的秘訣為何？,速度,客製化電腦36小時內交貨,平均保有13天營業額的存貨(,Compaq為25天),價格較競爭者低1015%,彈性製造程序以及供應商的績效,直到訂單輸入後，方訂購組件,及時的倉儲計畫,零件可在15分鐘內抵達,Austin，Limerick(Ireland)，Penang(Malaysia),1992年供應商家數由204家降至74家,在Austin實施VMI(Vendor-Managed Inventory),有效率的物流服務,UPS,Dell的故事(續),SCM的基本觀念,供應鏈：完成最終產品需要之所有各種不同程序的一群廠商。,木製家俱的供應鏈為何？,供應鏈管理：為了配合物流、服務流、資訊流與顧客需求，尋求公司各部門與其供應商同步化的管理理念。,SCM vs.MM(Materials Management),協調公司中的關鍵功能-,marketing、finance、engineering、information system、operations、logistics、human resource。,存貨的產生,物料投入流,存貨水準,廢料流,物料的輸出流,不同儲存點的存貨,內部供應鏈,Supermarket A,distribution center,Supermarket B,distribution center,Transportation,services supplier,Distribution domain of responsibility,Production control domain of responsibility,Egg supplier,Sugar supplier,Flour supplier,Chocolate chips supplier,Maintenance services supplier,FG storage,RM storage,Transformation process and WIP storage,製造商的供應鏈,Supplier of materials,Supplier of services,Tier 1,Tier 3,Tier 2,Legend,Customer,Customer,Customer,Customer,Distribution center,Distribution center,Manufacturer,服務廠商的供應鏈,Home customers,Commercial customers,Other electric utilities,Electric power utility,Electric transformers,Facility maintenance services,Janitorial services,Programming services,Electric energy backup power,Office supplies,Fuel supplies,SCM的發展(I),隔絕技術核心,Technical,Core,Raw,Material,Inventory,Finished,Goods,Inventory,Suppliers,(many),Customer,Manufacturing facility,SCM的發展(II),JIT觀念的導入,Technical,Core,Suppliers,(few),Customer,Manufacturing facility,SCM的發展(III),運用單一的物流夥伴,Technical,Core,Manufacturing facility,Suppliers,(few),Logistics,(inbound),Logistics,(outbound),Customer,SCM的發展(IV),將供應商帶入工廠,Technical,Core,Manufacturing facility,Suppliers,(few),Logistics,(outbound),Customer,Volkswagen巴西廠,SCM的發展(Summary),整合式供應鏈,Suppliers,Purchasing,Production control,Distribution,Customers,Suppliers,Customers,Internal supply chain,Materials management department,Production control,Purchasing,Distribution,Integrated supply chain,Customers,Suppliers,Internal supply chain,Phase 1:,Independent supply-chain entities,Phase 2:,Internal integration,Phase 3:,Supply-chain integration,基本功夫,跨功能團隊,完成整合之企業,延伸的供應鍊,供應鍊社區,專注於品質,服務顧客,驅動營運效率,創造市場價值,成為市場的領導者,成為市場領導者的路徑,供應鏈指南,競爭必須,競爭優勢,影響供應鏈的因素,供應商數目的減少,競爭的加劇,較短的產品生命週期,技術的革新,風險的分攤與降低,成功供應鏈的要件,信任,長期的關係,資訊分享,個別組織的優勢,存貨績效衡量,平均總合存貨價值,Average inventory=$2 million,Cost of goods sold=$10 million,52 business weeks per year,供給週數,Weeks of supply=10.4 weeks,存貨週轉數,$2 million,($10 million)/(52 weeks),Inventory turns=5 turns/year,$10 million,$2 million,供應鏈績效衡量,Operations MeasureFinancial Measure,Aggregate inventory value,Current assets,Weeks of supply,Working capital,Inventory turns,Working capital,Production and material costs,Contribution margin,Percentage defects,Contribution margin,Percentage on-time delivery,Revenue,New product development time,Revenue,Supplier lead times,Working capital,Linking Supply-Chain Performance Measures to Financial Measures,供應鏈策略,Environments Best Suited for Efficient and Responsive Supply Chains,FactorEfficient Supply Chains Responsive Supply Chains,DemandPredictable;Unpredictable;,low forecast errors high forecast errors,CompetitiveLow cost;Development speed;,prioritiesconsistent quality;fast delivery times;,on-time delivery customization;,volume flexibility;,high-performance,design quality,New-productInfrequentFrequent,introduction,ContributionLowHigh,margins,Product varietyLowHigh,供應鏈設計,Design Features for Efficient and Responsive Supply Chains,FactorEfficient Supply Chains Responsive Supply Chains,Flow strategyLine flows;emphasize highFlexible or intermediate,volume,standardized flows;emphasize product,products,or servicesor service variety,Capacity LowHigh,cushion,InventoryLow;enable high As needed to enable fast,investmentinventory turnsdelivery time,Lead timeShorten,but do not Shorten aggressively,increase costs,Supplier Emphasize low prices;Emphasize fast delivery,selection consistent quality;on-time;customization;,time deliveryvolume flexibility;high-,performance design,quality,Supply-Chain Dynamics,Customer,Customer,Firm A,Firm B,Firm C,Materials Requirements,Time,Firm C,Firm A,(a),(b),Figure 11.7,Supply-Chain Dynamics(cont.),外部供應鏈成因,內部供應鏈成因,Volume changes,Product/service mix changes,Late deliveries,Underfilled shipments,Internally generated shortages,Engineering changes,New product/service introductions,Product/service promotions,Information errors,SCM與ERP的整合,Supply Chain Planning使用現存Transaction系統(ERP)的資訊，以提供快速規劃及排程的智慧型決策支援功能,。,採購,訂單輸入,製造管理系統,運籌/出貨,ERP,系統,Current,Situation,Final,Plan,Supply Chain Planner,Input,Demand,Capacity,Materials,Output,Production Plan,Shipping Plan,Promise Plan,SCM與ERP的整合(續),Distribution,(Branch Office,/Distributor,),Central Sales,Central Planning,Manufacturing,Procurement,Customer,Demand,Planning,Supply Network,Planning,Procurement,Supplier,Production,Planning,Manage,Local Sales,&Marketing,Manage Cust,Orde