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,*,退出,返回章重点,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,退出,返回章重点,特 殊 词 汇 翻 译,之,俚语、谚语、,成语,、习语,Slangs,Proverbs,P,hrases,&,Idioms,文英0912,Joel,1,3.5,特殊词汇,翻译,1 习语的翻译,2 俚语的翻译,3 谚语的翻译,4,成语,的翻译,课堂互动1,课堂互动2,课堂互动3,-end,课堂互动4,英汉翻译基础教程,2,习语是语言的重要组成部分,具有强烈的文化特征,是语言文化的瑰宝和人类智慧的结晶,是语言的核心和精华,是语言中最为精彩的一页。,习语经过长期的锤炼,运用各种表现方法和修辞手段,呈现出多姿多彩的形式和文化意象,反映一个民族文化的各个方面。,习语、俚语、谚语、,成,语的翻译,Translation of English Idioms,Slangs, Proverbs& Borrowings,3,英语习语是一个比较宽广的范畴,是人类从劳动中创造出来并经过长时间的使用而提炼出来的固定短语或短句,和民族的历史背景、经济生活、地理环境、风俗习惯、心理状态紧密相关,把丰富的思想内涵精辟地表达出来,言简意赅、寓意深远、富有哲理、富于含蓄、意在言外。,1 习语的翻译,Translation of English Idioms,4,英语习语从广义上讲主要包括:,短语 、熟语 、成语、俗语、谚语、警句 、格言、俚语、粗语。,5, 从狭义上讲,英语习语指那种字面意义不同于实际意义的词组或句子。因文化差异与表达方式的不同,一个词组、一个句子照字面解释逻辑不通,意义与上下文格格不入,那可能是狭义上的习语。对这种表面上与汉语非常相似,其意义并不相同的习语,那么无法想当然或顾名思义。,6,死硬派,思想库,时间框架,热线,纸老虎,武装到牙齿,慰安妇,破釜沉舟,扇风点火,充耳不闻,油腔滑调,君子协定,a die-hard,think tank,time frame,the hot line,paper tiger,armed to the teeth,comfort woman,to burn ones boats,to fan the flame(s),to turn a deaf ear to,to have a well-oiled tongue,a gentlemans agreement,7,an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,以眼还眼,以牙还牙,Long absent, soon forgotten.,久别情疏。,Add fuel to the fire.,火上加油。,Run with the tail between the legs.,夹着尾巴逃跑。,8,to go through fire and water,赴汤蹈火,to laugh off ones head,笑掉牙齿,to praise to the skies,捧上天去,the apple of the eye,掌上明珠,Walls have ears.,隔墙有耳。,Life is but an empty dream.,人生如梦。,9,Give him an inch and hell take an ell.,得寸进尺。,A lame traveler should get out bedtimes.,笨鸟先飞。,Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.,情人眼里出西施。,He spent money like water.,他花钱跟流水似的。,An idle youth,a needy age.,少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。,While there is life, there is hope.,留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。,小节结束,10,the Gordian knot,戈尔迪之结棘手的问题或艰巨的任务,the heel of Achilles,阿基里斯的脚跟惟一致命的 弱点,the touch of Midas,点石成金,the sword of Damacles,悬挂在达摩克利斯头顶上的剑临头的危险,the Trojan horse,特洛伊木马内部颠覆者,起内部破坏作用的人或事物),11,skeleton in the cupboardcloset,家丑,to cross the Rubicon,做出采取无可后悔的决定行动;破釜沉舟,to meet ones Waterloo,遭到惨败;败走麦城,to open Pandoras box,打开潘多拉盒子引起疾病、罪恶、疯狂等各种祸患,to pull the wool over ones eyes,掩人耳目,to take French leave,不辞而别;擅自行动,小节结束,12,to beat about,(around),the bush,拐弯抹角,to break the ice,打破沉默,to dog-ear a book,折书角,to hold ones horse,忍耐,to know the rope,内行,a fish out of water,好不自在,under the counter (table),鬼鬼祟祟,13,from the egg to the apple.,自始至终,Call a spade a spade.,有啥说啥;直言不讳,At breakfast, eat like a king.,早饭吃饱。,At lunch, eat like a prince.,中饭吃好。,At supper, eat like a pauper.,晚饭吃少。,Rolling stone gathers no moss.,滚石不生苔搬家不聚财。,14,课堂互动1: 翻译以下习语参考译文,1. Wealth is best known by want.,【译文】缺钱最知钱可贵。,2. They that do nothing learn to do ill.,【译文】人闲生事。/无所事事的人就会学干坏事。,3. Dont be afraid. Hes all bark and no bite.,【译文】不要怕,他是不敢动手的。,15,课堂互动1: 翻译以下习语参考译文,4. They that know nothing fear nothing.,【译文】无知那么无畏。/初生牛犊不怕虎,5. Too wise to live long.,【译文】人太聪明寿不长。,6. Courtesy costs nothing.,【译文】礼多人不怪。,16,课堂互动1: 翻译以下习语参考译文,7. A bird may be known by its song.,【译文】闻其言而知其人。,8. He knows most that speaks least.,【译文】博学者寡言。,17,课堂互动1: 翻译以下习语参考译文,9Old friends and old wine are best.,【译文】姜是老的辣,酒是陈的香。/ 陈酒味醇,老友情深。,18,课堂互动1: 翻译以下习语参考译文,10We still love each other very much, but we,fight like cat and dog,.,【译文】我们常吵闹,但仍很相爱。,19,俚语,是俗语的一种。是通俗的、粗俗的或通行面窄的方言词,不属于标准英语的范围。俚语不但出现在口语中,而且也出现在戏剧、电视、电影以及小说的对白中。俚语一般可分委婉语、咒语和粗俗语。,2 俚语的翻译Translation of Slangs,20,俚语具有强大的生命力。它随着社会的发展而不断发展、丰富,不仅语汇的数量在增多,而且使用的范围也扩大了。今日英国、美国的上层社会,工厂农村,大学里,男女老少谈吐中无不夹杂着俚语;文学作品和报刊杂志上更是屡见不鲜。,21,俚语常把人们最熟悉的词搭配在一起,所表达的意思与字面意思完全不同。这使得人们在翻译时常犯经验主义错误而望文生义。,小节结束,22,10. 2. 1,名词词组,1)baby kisser误:亲小孩的人;妈妈,为竞选而到处笼络人心的政客,2)backseat driver误:后座司机,因瞎指挥而坏事的人,3)bad sailor误:坏水手,晕船的人,23,4)better half误:较好的一半,丈夫或妻子,5)blind date 误:失明的日子,由两人或为两人安排的初次约会,6)bug doctor 误:臭虫医生,精神病医生;心理学专家,24,7)busy-body 误:忙忙碌碌的人,爱管闲事的人,8)carry the torch for sb.误:撑火把为别人照亮,单相思,痴恋,9)confidence man 误:信得过的人,骗子,10)dead president 误:死去的总统,美钞,25,11)dime store 误:银店,廉价商店,12)end paper 误:最末的纸片,衬页,13)goo goo eyes误:双眼模糊;看不清,秋波,媚眼,14)goose flesh误:鹅肉,鸡皮疙瘩,15)gut course 误:肠道,易得学分的大学课程,26,16)happy money误:幸福的钱,供零花的钱,17)leg show 误:大腿表演,脱衣舞,18)mash note 误:破碎的钞票,男女之间私约偷情的条子,19)night cart误:夜车,粪车,20)oil burner误:燃油器,破旧的汽车,小节结束,27,1)American Beauty误:美国的美女,美国产四季开花的蔷薇,2)China policy误:中国的政策,对华政策,3)Dutch courage误:荷兰勇气,酒后之勇,4)Dutch treat 误:荷兰招待,各自付钱的聚餐,10. 2. 2,专有名词词组,28,5)English disease误:英国疾病,软骨病,6)French grey误:法国灰,浅灰色,7)French window误:法国窗户,落地长窗,8)Indian meal误:印地安饭,玉米粉,29,9)Robinson Crusoe误:鲁宾逊.克鲁索,孤独的人,10)uncle dudley误:花花公子大叔,自己,11)Uncle Sam 误:山姆大叔,美国人,12)Uncle Tom误:汤姆大叔,美国黑人,小节结束,30,1)to beat a dead horse误:打死马,枉费心机,2)to bring down the house误:把房子拉倒,赢得满堂喝彩,3)to call somebody names误:喊某人的名字,辱骂某人,4)to cut somebody dead误:砍死某人,假装不认识某人,5)to follow like a sheep误:像羊一样跟着,盲从,10. 2. 3,动词词组,31,6)to give sb. a box on the ear,打耳光误:把盒子放在耳朵上,7)to pull somebodys leg,开某人的玩笑误:拉某人的后腿,8)to make horseplay,胡闹,搞恶作剧误:演马戏,9)to go fly a kite,滚开误:去放风筝,10)to have a fall,被捕误:摔跤,32,11)to know a thing or two about sth,精通某事误:对某事略知一二,12)to make a killing,发大财误:杀人,13)to think a great deal of oneself,过高地估计自己误:为自己想的太多,14)to turn ones coat,背叛误:换大衣,小节结束,33,课堂互动2:正误判断参考译文,1bulls eye,A. 靶心,十环 B. 牛眼睛,2busboy,A. 餐馆勤杂工 B. 公共汽车售票员,3cold fish,A. 冻鱼 B. 死气沉沉的人,4criminal lawyer,A. 刑事律师 B. 犯罪律师,5dead horse,A. 死马 B. 预付的工资,旧债,正确答案:1A 2A 3B 4A 5B,34,课堂互动2:正误判断参考译文,6to know the ropes,A. 懂得秘诀;内行 B. 认识那些绳子,7Dear John letter,A. 亲爱的约翰 B. 断交信,8dog days,A. 三伏天 B. 狗天,9dog ear,A. 狗耳朵 B. 书页的折角,10green goods,A. 新鲜货 B. 绿色食品,正确答案:6A 7B 8A 9B 10A,35,课堂互动2:正误判断参考译文,11he-man,A. 他这个男人 B. 有丈夫气的壮汉,12blue wool,A. 高级羊毛 B. 兰色羊毛,13black words,A. 黑话 B. 不吉利的话,14lover boy,A. 终日追求女人的男人 B. 可爱的小伙儿,15Meatwagon,A. 冷藏车 B. 救护车,正确答案:11B 12A 13B 14A 15B,36,课堂互动2:正误判断参考译文,16service station,A. 加油站 B. 服务站,17shake a wicked leg,A. 跳舞B. 扭动了一下残废的腿,18shut-eye,A. 瞎子 B. 睡觉,19side-wheeler/ southpaw,A. 车辆侧轮 B. 左撇子,20soft soap,A. 拍马屁 B. 香皂,正确答案:16A 17A 18B 19B 20A,37,课堂互动2:正误判断参考译文,21. street (girl) woman,A. 街上的妇女 B. 妓女,22. sweet mama,A. 女性情人 B. 温柔的妈妈,23. sweet papa/ sweet man,A. 好爸爸 B. 男性情人,24. upstairs /upper story,A. 脑子 B. 楼上的故事,25. call girl,A. 妓女 B. 女 员,正确答案:21B 22A 23B 24A 25A,38,谚语是人们经常使用的固定而简短通俗的话语,概括在劳动、生活和社会活动的体验与观察所得的经验和教训中,是语言财富。,谚语是实践经验的结晶,是社会经验的总结,是思想智慧的火花。,谚语具有诗歌的活泼,文学的凝重,熟语的简洁,道理的深刻,寓意的广远,因而在各种文体中常见。,3,谚语的翻译,(Translation of Proverbs),39,谚语主要是在口头上广泛流传延用。内容往往是对客观事物现象的性质、状态、程度等进行具体的形容, 形象的比喻,生动的描述,合理的判断,准确的推理。,谚语在结构上是固定的,一般以句子形式出现,用短短的几个字到十几个字、一两句话,用鲜明不同的情感,表述一个完整的思想和观点。,谚语的特点是富于形象,用具体来表达抽象的意思;简练概括,以极少的词语表示极丰富的内容。其修辞手法是比喻、拟人、对偶、押韵等。,40,谚语翻译的方法:,套译用汉语里固有的谚语辞句来“对应内容相近的英语谚语,以达到行文仍然简练的目的,也适应汉语的习惯。,直译全面地学习研究语言、社会、历史、习俗等,尽可能用合适的汉语词汇和格式来保存英语背景的固有色彩。,意译用较多的词语转述清楚原文的内容,尽量保持英语谚语的简练生动特色和韵文体或近似的文体的特有格调。,41,谚语是孤零零的,常无上下文。谚语涉及有关国家的文化背景、源远流长的方言土语、生活习俗、乡土文化等,地域性很强。有些谚语在西方人看来言简意明,而对我们来讲却难以准确理解和表达,这就是谚语难译的主要原因。只有提高鉴赏能力,获得广泛的知识,理解文化差异才能做好谚语翻译。,例如:,42,1)Beyond the mountains there are people to be found.,山外有山,天外有天。,2)A book is known in time of need.,书到用时方恨少。,3)Cry for the moon.,海底捞月。,4)Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.,早睡早起,富裕、聪明、身体好。,43,5)Even a worm will turn.,人急造反,狗急跳墙。,6)Feed a cold and starve a fever.,伤风时宜吃,发烧时需饿。,7)Great hopes make a great man.,宏伟抱负造伟人。,8)He that is down, down with him.,落井下石。,44,9)He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.,不犯错误的人一事无成。,10)Like cures like.,以毒攻毒。,11)A lions skin is never cheap.,好货不便宜。,12)A fool always rushes to the fore.,愚人总喜强出头。,45,13)A maid that laughs is half taken.,姑娘露笑脸,婚事成一半。,14)A ragged coat may cover an honest man.,人穷志不短。,15)Theres many a true word spoken in jest,.,笑语之中有真话。,16)It is as well to know which way the wind blows.,识时务者为俊杰。,46,17)Knowledge in youth is wisdom in age.,少时有知识,老来有智慧。,18)Life is not all roses.,人生征途,哪能处处鲜花密布。,19)Life is half spent before we know what it is.,懂得人生时,人生已过半。,20)Gold remain gold, though it lies in the mud.,即使埋在泥里,黄金还是黄金。,小节结束,47,课堂互动3:翻译以下谚语参考译文,1Still waters run deep.,【译】水静流深。/大智假设愚。,2Fair faces go places.,【译】和颜悦色的人办事顺利。,3Art is long; life is short.,【译】人生有限,学问无穷。,4Bell is known by the sound.,【译】听音便知钟好坏。,5Great honours are great burdens.,【译】誉高任重。,48,课堂互动3:翻译以下谚语参考译文,6All men of action are dreamers.,【译】有幻想才有作为。,7The mind of the man is the man.,【译】心如其人。,8No autumn fruit without spring blossoms.,【译】有春华才有秋实。,9Where there is least heart, there is most talk.,【译】诚意最少话最多。,10Blessed are the pure in heart.,【译】清心者有福。,49,课堂互动3:翻译以下谚语参考译文,11First class men are hard to come at.,【译】人才难得。,12Enough is as good as a feast.,【译】知足常乐。,13Manners maketh man.,【译】举止造人品。,14Never offer to teach fish to swim.,【译】不要班门弄斧。,50,课堂互动3:翻译以下谚语参考译文,小节结束,15In the deepest water is the best fishing.,【译】深水有好鱼。,51,使用,成语,是时代、社会发展的需要,一个国家或一个民族对外交流越多,越开放,,成,语的使用就会越普遍。从外国语言中以有效的、人们所能接受的方法引进或吸收好的东西,吸收我们的语言中没有的词汇,丰富和发展自己的语言。,4,成,语的翻译,( Translation of Borrowings),52,1 .,Trojan horse,特洛伊木马,比喻暗藏的敌人或危险,2.Tower of ivory,象牙塔,比喻世外桃源,3.Sour grapes,酸葡萄,得不到的东西就说它不好,53,4.,Sphinxs riddle,斯芬克斯之谜,比喻难解之谜,5.,As wise as Solomon,像所罗门一样聪明,比喻非常富有智慧,6.,The fifth column,第五纵队,比喻间谍,54,7.,A Judas kiss,犹大之吻,比喻背叛行为,8.,Crocodile tears,鳄鱼眼泪,比喻假慈悲,9.,Wash ones hands of,洗手不干,撒手不管,10.,New wine in old bottles,旧瓶装新酒,旧形式不适合新内容,55,课堂互动4: 翻译以下成语参考译文,1、The bait hides the hook. 笑里藏刀,2、Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施,3、Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,4、Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水,56,课堂互动4: 翻译以下成来语参考译文,5、A cat has nine lives. 吉人天相猫有九条命,6、Diamond cut diamond. 强中更有强中手,7、Dont meet trouble half-way. 勿杞人忧天,8、Dont put all your egge in one basket. 勿孤注一掷,57,课堂互动4: 翻译以下成语参考译文,9、Dont ride the high horse. 勿摆架子,10、Everyone to his taste. 人各有所好,11、An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. 以眼还眼,以牙还牙,12、Fine feathers make fine birds. 人要衣装马要鞍,小节结束,58,谢谢,Thank you for your attending,返回章重点,退出,59,
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