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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,物流专业英语教程,电子教案,Unit 3,The supply chain concept,供给链概念,授课日期,_,年,_,月,_,日,授课教师,授课专业,/,班级,_,专业,_,班级,讲授单元,Unit 3,单元讲授时长,二学时,讲授内容,物流术语、课文、课堂练习,教学任务,：,掌握本单元的物流专业术语,掌握本单元的核心概念,熟悉本单元的常用物流英语表达法,熟悉本单元的物流流程,第一局部 Section 1,本单元核心术语,Core terms,Supply chain,DC,配送中心,(= distribution center),Procurement n.,获得，采购,Competitive advantage,竞争性优势,第二局部 Section 2,本单元核心概念,Core concepts,What is a supply chain,什么是供给链？,“,A supply chain,is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities, and suppliers that participate in the production, sale and delivery of a product to the consumer. The supply chain is typically made up of multiple companies who coordinate activities to set themselves apart from the competition.,供给链是一个由参与产品生产、销售并把产品交付给客户的零售商、运输商、储存设施以及供给商所构成的网络。典型的供给链是由多个公司组成的，它们协调各项活动来使自己免于相互之间的竞争。,课堂教学,之,Step 1,单词领读,由教师当堂领读生词,纠正学生的发音,领读完之后给学生留出,5,分钟的时间来温习单词。,课堂教学,之,Step 2,重点内容,掌握核心术语,学习时间,5,分钟,课堂教学,之,Step 3,难点学习,理解并背诵核心概念,学习时间,5,分钟,课堂教学之,Step 4 课文学习,理解课文的意思,对难句进展语法和构造讲解,学习时间30分钟,课文学习提示：,教师在讲解课文时，除对课文进展翻译之外，还要顺带讲解一下难句的语法构造。,1.,课文翻译,Text Translation,What is a supply chain 什么是供给链？,A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities, and suppliers that participate in the production, sale and delivery of a product to the consumer. The supply chain is typically made up of multiple companies who coordinate activities to set themselves apart from the competition.,供给链是一个由参与产品生产、销售并把产品交付给客户的零售商、运输商、储存设施以及供给商所构成的网络。典型的供给链是由多个公司组成的，它们协调各项活动来使自己免于相互之间的竞争。,A supply chain has three key parts:,Supply focuses on the raw materials supplied to manufacturing, including how, when, and from what location,Manufacturing focuses on converting these raw materials into finished products.,Distribution focuses on ensuring these products reach the consumers through an organized network of distributors, warehouses, and retailers.,供给链有三个关键局部：,供给方面的重心放在给制造工序提供原材料上，包括如何、何时以及从什么地点,制造工序的重心是如何把这些原材料转换成成品,配送的重心放在确保这些产品通过配送商、仓库及零售商所组成的网络到达消费者手中。,A supply chain is a complex logistics system in which raw materials are converted into finished products and then distributed to the final users (consumers or companies). It includes suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, DCs and retail outlets. Figure 1 shows a typical supply chain for passenger sevice.,供给链是一个复杂的物流系统，这在个系统中，原材料被转换成成品，然后再流通到最终用户消费者或公司手中。供给链包括供给商、生产厂家、仓库、配送中心DC以及零售网点。图1展示了制造品的典型供给链。,Figure 1: A typical supply chain for manufactured goods,Raw,materials,stock,原材料库存,Production,生产,Product,stocks,产品库存,Physical,distribution,实体物资配送,Customer,客户,Procurement,(sourcing,and,buying ),采购,（,采办和购买,）,Recycling,回收,It is characteristic of a supply chain that each node on the chain depends on the nodes before it. For example, raw materials cannot be processed into finished goods unless they are first of all transported to the factory. This means that the failure of one chain will result in the failure of the whole chain. No one element of the chain is more or less important than all the others.,供给链的典型特征是，链中的每个节点都依赖于其前面的那些节点。如，原材料必须首先运输到工厂才能加工成成品，这就意味着一个环节的失败会导致整个环节失败，链条上的某个成分不会在重要性上胜于或劣于其它所有成分。,Not all supply chains remain the same. Different products or sectors can have a different supply chain. Figure 2 shows the supply chain for passenger services.,并不是所有的供给链都是一样的，不同的产品或行业会有不同的供给链。图2是客运效劳的供给链。,.,Figure 2: A supply chain for passenger services,图,2:,乘客服务的典型供应链,Route forecasts,线路预测,Infrastructure capacity assessment,基础设施运能评估,Service level determination,确定服务水平,Vehicle allocation / procurement,车辆部署及采购,Load,factor,estimation,and,costing,载客系数估算,及成本核算,Origin,and,destination demographics,始发站和终点站的人数统计,Service,registration,营运登记,Service,delivery,营运发车,The supply chain strategy 供给链战略,While often applied to manufacturing and consumer products, a supply chain can also be used to show how several processes supply to one another. The supply chain definition in this sense can apply to Internet technology, finance, and many other industries.,供给链虽然经常应用于制造工序及消费品方面，但是它也可以用来展示数个工序之间的相互供给关系。从这个意义上讲，供给链概念可以应用于因特网、金融以及其它许多行业。,A supply chain strategy defines how the supply chain should operate in order to compete in the market. The strategy evaluates the benefits and costs relating to the operation. While a business strategy focuses on the overall direction a company wishes to pursue, supply chain strategy focuses on the actual operations of the organization and the supply chain that will be used to meet a specific goal.,供给链战略描述如何运营供给链以便在市场上进展竞争。该战略评估与运营相关联的效益及本钱。当业务战略重心放在公司意欲追求的总方向时，供给链战略的重心那么放在单位公司的实际运营以及用来到达特定目标的供给链上。,What is Supply Chain Management,什么是供给链管理？,The concept of Supply Chain Management (SCM) is based on two core ideas. The first is that practically every product that reaches an end user represents the cumulative effort of multiple organizations. These organizations are referred to collectively as the supply chain.,供给链管理SCM基于两个核心理念。第一个理念是实际上到达最终用户的每个产品都代表着多个公司的累积性努力。这些公司被合称为供给链。,Figure 3,: A practical SCM model,The second idea is that while supply chains have existed for a long time, most organizations have only paid attention to what was happening within their “four walls. Few businesses understood, much less managed, the entire chain of activities that ultimately delivered products to the final customer. The result was disjointed and often ineffective supply chains.,第二个理念是，供给链虽然存在了很长时间，但是大多数公司只是注意发生在他们的“四面墙壁内的事情。很少有公司理解最终把产品交付给最终用户的整个活动链条，更不说管理了。结果导致了供给链的脱节以及经常性的效率低下。,Supply chain management, then, is the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. It represents a conscious effort by the supply chain firms to develop and run supply chains in the most effective ways possible. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production, and logistics, as well as the information systems needed to coordinate these activities.,那么，供给链管理就是对供给链进展积极的管理以便最大化客户价值并取得可持续竞争优势。它代表着供给链上的各个公司作出了有意识的努力，以尽可能高效率的方法来开发并运营供给链。供给链活动覆盖从产品开发、采办筹办货源、生产和物流等各个方面，也包括协调这些活动所需要的信息系统。,The organizations that make up the supply chain are “linked together through physical flows and information flows. Physical flows involve the transformation, movement, and storage of goods and materials. They are the most visible piece of the supply chain, but just as important are information flows. Information flows allow the various supply chain partners to coordinate their long-term plans, and to control the day-to-day flow of goods and material up and down the supply chain.,组成供给链的单位公司是由实物流和信息流所“连接的。实物流涉及到商品或材料的转化、流转以及储存。它们是供给链最具有明显的一个局部，但是信息流也同样重要。信息流使供给链的各个合伙人能够协调他们的长期方案，并控制供给链上下游商品及材料的日常流动。,以上内容为,第一学时,内所应完成的内容,课堂教学之,Step 5 阅读材料,提示：这局部内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。,Substitution and its effect,on the supply chain,替代及其对供给链的影响,In a free market, there may be many opportunities for a customer to satisfy his wants because there is more than one product or service that will do what is required. For example:,在一个自由市场里，因为有两种以上的产品或效劳可以做所要求的事，客户就会有许多时机来满足其需要。如：,There are many different makes of washing machine, any of which will do what is required in more or less the same way.,Similarly, a large number of package holiday operators offer similar holidays to the same destinations, often using the same hotels and transport services.,有许多不同型号的洗衣机，而任何一种型号都或多或少能够以同样的方式来到达要求。,同样地，大量的包价旅行运营商向同样的目的地提供类似的假期，并经常使用同样的酒店和运输效劳。,Direct substitution of one product for another is therefore possible.,因此，用一个产品来替代另一个产品就成为可能。,The same is true for services such as transport. A number of different airline operators offer services between the same airports and any one of these operators should be able to fulfill the primary demand for the transport product of safe arrival in accordance with the published schedule.,效劳业，如运输，也是同样的情形。假设干不同的航空公司在同样的数个机场间提供效劳，并且任何一家公司都能够按照公布的时刻表来完成平安抵达这一运输产品的根本要求。,The privatisation of the UKs railways means that there is now sometimes a choice of operators for the journey between two places. The journey between London and Reading (Berkshire) may be made using any one of four different train operating companies: First Great Western, Thames Trains, Virgin or South West Trains.,英国铁路的私有化 意味着对于两个地方之间的行程来说，现在有时可以选择运营商。在伦敦和里丁伯克夏尔之间的行程就可以通过使用四家不同的火车运营公司中的任一家来完成： 第一大西部火车公司, 泰晤士火车公司, 维京火车公司或西南火车公司.,But there is even more choice than that. For the same London-Reading journey we could also use the express coach service offered by Reading Buses or we could drive in our own car. There is therefore quite a variety of ways in which we can satisfy our primary demand for movement between London and Reading.,但是还有比这更多的选择。对于同样的伦敦-里丁行程来说，我们也可以使用由里丁巴士公司提供的长途快客效劳，也可以自驾出行。因此，对于伦敦和里丁间的流转来说，有多种方式可以让我们满足根本的需求。,So, while the First Great Western and Thames services may be direct substitutes for one another, the others all provide the same basic product but in a different way. These, then, are not direct substitutes, but what are called close substitutes.,所以，一方面第一大西部和泰晤士两家火车公司的效劳可以互为直接替代品；而另一方面，其他工具都可以提供同样的根本产品，但却以不同的方式来进展。那么，这些就不是直接替代品，而是所谓的近似替代品。,Information technology is also a close substitute for many services involving physical movement. Previously papers, charts and pictures had to be delivered by mail, but they can now be sent electronically as e-mail attachments. With webcam technology we can even see the other people taking part in a virtual meeting.,信息技术对于许多涉及实体物资流转的效劳来说也是一个近似替代品。先前，文件、图表和图片需要用邮件来传递，但是现在它们可以用类似电子邮件附件来进展电子方式传送。有了网络摄像技术，我们甚至可以看到其他人参加“虚拟会议。,课堂教学之,Step 6 课堂练习,提示：这局部内容由教师指导，学生自学。以提高学生的自主学能力。,1. Answer the following questions in English:,What is a supply chain,A supply chain is a network of retailers, distributors, transporters, storage facilities, and suppliers that participate in the production, sale and delivery of a product to the consumer. The supply chain is typically made up of multiple companies who coordinate activities to set themselves apart from the competition.,2. What are the three key parts of a supply chain,A supply chain has three key parts:,Supply focuses on the raw materials supplied to manufacturing, including how, when, and from what location,Manufacturing focuses on converting these raw materials into finished products.,Distribution focuses on ensuring these products reach the consumers through an organized network of distributors, warehouses, and retailers.,3. What is the supply chain strategy,A supply chain strategy defines how the supply chain should operate in order to compete in the market. The strategy evaluates the benefits and costs relating to the operation. While a business strategy focuses on the overall direction a company wishes to pursue, supply chain strategy focuses on the actual operations of the organization and the supply chain that will be used to meet a specific goal.,4. What is supply chain management,Supply chain management, then, is the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. It represents a conscious effort by the supply chain firms to develop and run supply chains in the most effective ways possible. Supply chain activities cover everything from product development, sourcing, production, and logistics, as well as the information systems needed to coordinate these activities.,2. Put the following words or phrases into Chinese:,retailers, distributors, transporters,storage facilities,production, sale and delivery of a product,raw materials,finished products,distributed to the final users,retail outlets,an element of the supply chain,different products or sectors,physical distribution,recycling,route forecasts,零售商，配送商，运输商,储存设施,产品的生产，销售和交付,原材料,成品,配送给最终用户,零售网点,供给链的要素,不同的产品或行业,实体配送，实物配送,回收,线路预测,13. infrastructure capacity assessment,14. load factor,15. estimation and costing,16. vehicle allocation / procurement,13. 根底设施容量估算,14. 装载系数,15. 估算及本钱核算,16. 车辆布置/采购,3. Put the following words or phrases into English:,因特网技术、金融及其它许多行业,在市场上竞争,效益及本钱,公司的总方向,到达特定目标,供给链管理,核心理念,产品库存,累积性努力,脱节的供给链,最大化客户价值,可持续竞争性优势,internet technology, finance, and many other industries,compete in the market,benefits and costs,overall direction a company,meet a specific goal,supply chain management (SCM),core ideas,product stocks,cumulative effort,disjointed supply chains,maximize customer value,a sustainable competitive advantage,13. 有意识的努力,14. 实体流，实物流,15. 信息流,16. 供给链的上下游,13. conscious effort,14. physical flows,15. information flows,16. up and down the supply chain,4. Subject for self-study:,an SCM chart,售后效劳,专注于物流,全欧洲生产,工厂及,测试自动化,采购及方案,新产品引进,设计及工程学,以上内容为,第二学时,内所应完成的内容,The End,
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